NCERT Solutions for Class 3 Maths Chapter 12 Give and Take

Exercise 12: Give and Take

Question. Complete the following addition and subtraction number chains.
Answer:
- Add 2 starting at 334: 334 → 336 → 338 → 340 → 342
- Add 5 starting at 375: 375 → 380 → 385 → 390 → 395 → 400 → 405 → 410
- Subtract 5 starting at 387: 387 → 382 → 377 → 372 → 367 → 362 → 357
- Add 6 starting at 234: 234 → 240 → 246 → 252 → 258 → 264 → 270
- Subtract 6 starting at 357: 357 → 351 → 345 → 339 → 333 → 327 → 321
- Add 9 starting at 288: 288 → 297 → 306 → 315 → 324 → 333 → 342
- Subtract 9 starting at 331: 331 → 322 → 313 → 304 → 295 → 286 → 277
In simple words: Follow the rule at the start of each snake. Add or subtract that number to find the next one in the chain.

Exam Tip: Work out each step one by one. Double-check your addition or subtraction before moving to the next box.

Question 1. Kishan had 364 saplings of different herbs and flowers. Then he went to his friend's village and brought 52 saplings from there. How many saplings does he have now?
Answer:
To find the total, we add 364 and 52.
When we combine them, we get 4 hundreds, 1 ten, and 6 ones.
\( 364 + 52 = 416 \)
So, Kishan has 416 saplings now.

Number line steps:
364 → (+10) 374 → (+10) 384 → (+10) 394 → (+10) 404 → (+10) 414 → (+1) 415 → (+1) 416
In simple words: We put Kishan's saplings together by adding. We can also count forward on a number line to reach 416.

Exam Tip: When using a number line, take big jumps of 10 first, then take small jumps of 1 to reach your final answer quickly.

Question 2. Kishan has got an order to deliver 230 saplings to a school. He has packed 75 saplings in an open box. How many more saplings does he need to pack?
Answer:
We need to subtract 75 from 230 to find the remaining saplings.
- First, we look at the ones place. We cannot subtract 5 ones from 0 ones. So, we borrow 1 ten to make 10 ones. Now, \( 10 - 5 = 5 \) ones. This leaves us with 225.
- Next, we look at the tens place. We cannot subtract 7 tens from 2 tens. So, we borrow 1 hundred and turn it into 10 tens. This gives us 12 tens. Now, \( 12 - 7 = 5 \) tens.
- This leaves 1 hundred.
\( 230 - 75 = 155 \) saplings.
So, Kishan needs to pack 155 more saplings.
In simple words: We subtract 75 from 230 by borrowing. This gives us 155 saplings left to pack.

Exam Tip: Always align numbers correctly by their place values before borrowing for subtraction.

Question 1. Kishan has 456 saplings in August. He distributed 63 saplings. How many saplings are left with him?
Answer:
To find how many saplings are left, we subtract 63 from 456.
- We subtract 3 ones from 6 ones to get 3 ones.
- We cannot subtract 6 tens from 5 tens. So we borrow 1 hundred (leaving 3 hundreds) and add 10 tens to 5 tens to make 15 tens.
- Now, \( 15 - 6 = 9 \) tens.
- This leaves 3 hundreds.
\( 456 - 63 = 393 \) saplings.
Kishan is left with 393 saplings.
In simple words: We take away the 63 saplings Kishan gave away from his original 456. This leaves him with 393 saplings.

Exam Tip: Remember to reduce the hundreds digit by 1 when you borrow 1 hundred for the tens place.

Question 2. Kishan has a collection of 309 saplings. He gets 80 more saplings of flowering plants. How many saplings does he have now?
Answer:
To find the total number of saplings, we add 309 and 80.
\( 309 + 80 = 389 \)
So, Kishan has 389 saplings now.
In simple words: We add the 80 new saplings to his collection of 309. This gives a total of 389 saplings.

Exam Tip: Adding tens to a number with 0 in the tens place is easy: just replace the 0 with the new tens digit.

Question 3. Kishan has 270 saplings of herbs and his friend has 36 saplings of herbs. How many more saplings does Kishan have than his friend?
Answer:
To find the difference, we subtract 36 from 270.
- We cannot subtract 6 ones from 0 ones. So we borrow 1 ten (leaving 6 tens) to make 10 ones.
- \( 10 - 6 = 4 \) ones.
- Subtract 3 tens from 6 tens: \( 6 - 3 = 3 \) tens.
- This leaves 2 hundreds.
\( 270 - 36 = 234 \)
So, Kishan has 234 more saplings than his friend.
In simple words: We compare the two numbers by subtracting 36 from 270. Kishan has 234 more plants.

Exam Tip: "How many more" tells us we need to find the difference by subtracting the smaller number from the larger one.

Question. Write word problems using the numbers given in the box diagrams below and solve them. You can take help from the pictures for appropriate contexts.
Answer:
1. Diagram 1 (234 Boys and +156 Girls):
- Word Problem: There are 234 boys and 156 girls in a school. Find the total number of children in the school.
- Solution: To find the total strength, we add: \( 234 + 156 = 390 \). The total number of children is 390.

2. Diagram 2 (356 Books and -138 Books):
- Word Problem: A library has 356 books. If 138 books are issued to students, how many books are left in the library?
- Solution: To find the remaining books, we subtract: \( 356 - 138 = 218 \). There are 218 books left.

3. Diagram 3 (305 Sacks and 210 Sacks):
- Word Problem: A truck can carry a total of 305 sacks of wheat. If 210 sacks are already loaded, how many more sacks need to be loaded?
- Solution: We subtract to find the remaining sacks: \( 305 - 210 = 95 \). So, 95 more sacks need to be loaded.
In simple words: We can create story problems using these boxes. We add when combining groups, and subtract when items are taken away or when finding a missing part.

Exam Tip: Look at the signs (+ or -) in the diagram to decide whether your word problem should use addition or subtraction.

Question. Use the grid below to solve the following questions. Colour your answers in the grid.
Answer:
The calculations are as follows:
- \( 456 + 10 = \mathbf{466} \)
- \( 481 + 19 = \mathbf{500} \)
- \( 489 + 21 + 15 = \mathbf{525} \)
- \( 405 + 23 = \mathbf{428} \)
- \( 467 + 51 = \mathbf{518} \)
- \( 519 - 40 = \mathbf{479} \)

We colour the numbers 466, 500, 525, 428, 518, and 479 in the grid.
In simple words: Find the answers to the math problems first. Then, look for those numbers in the grid and color them.

Exam Tip: For three-number additions, add the first two numbers first, then add the third number to the result.

Question. Do as directed.
Answer:
The completed sequences are:

First Sequence (Starting at 269):

Second Sequence (Starting at 454):

In simple words: In each column, we add the directed value. In the first column, we add 100 each time. In the second, we add 10, and in the third, we add 1.

Exam Tip: Notice which place value changes: adding 100 changes only the hundreds place, adding 10 changes only the tens place, and adding 1 changes only the ones place.

Question. Circle the one that costs more : a milk bottle or a pomegranate? Think of two things that we can buy using the same note.
Answer:
- Which costs more: The basket of pomegranates costs more than a bottle of milk.
- Things you can buy with a Rs. 10 note: Five packets of Hajmola, or one packet of chips.
- Things you can buy with a Rs. 50 note: One packet of pencils, or water colours.
- Things you can buy with a Rs. 100 note: A water bottle, or a pen.
In simple words: Fruit baskets are more expensive than a bottle of milk. We can buy different small toys or food packets using our Rs. 10, Rs. 50, or Rs. 100 notes.

Exam Tip: Think of real-life prices of things you buy when choosing items for different currency notes.

Question. Match the notes and coins that represent equal amounts.
Answer:
We can match the boxes that have the same total value of money:
- Two Rs. 10 notes and one Rs. 2 coin (Rs. 22) → Matches with: One Rs. 20 note and one Rs. 2 coin (Rs. 22).
- Ten Rs. 2 coins (Rs. 20) → Matches with: Two Rs. 10 notes (Rs. 20).
- Twelve Rs. 10 notes (Rs. 120) → Matches with: Six Rs. 20 notes (Rs. 120).
- One Rs. 2 note, one Rs. 50 note, one Rs. 10 note, and two Rs. 2 coins (Rs. 66) → Matches with: Three Rs. 20 notes, one Rs. 5 coin, and one Rs. 1 coin (Rs. 66).
In simple words: Count the total amount of money in each box first. Then, connect the boxes that have the same total amount.

Exam Tip: Group your coins and notes by their values to make counting large sums of money easier and faster.

Question. Use the following notes and coins to buy the things given below. Find at least two ways of giving the money. You may use the notes and coins more than once.
Answer:
- For Toy Car (Rs. 55):
  * Way 1: One Rs. 50 note and one Rs. 5 coin.
  * Way 2: Two Rs. 20 notes, one Rs. 10 note, and one Rs. 5 coin.
- For Apples (Rs. 30):
  * Way 1: One Rs. 20 note and one Rs. 10 note.
  * Way 2: Three Rs. 10 notes.
- For Milk Packet (Rs. 28):
  * Way 1: One Rs. 20 note, one Rs. 5 coin, one Rs. 2 coin, and one Rs. 1 coin.
  * Way 2: Two Rs. 10 notes, one Rs. 5 coin, one Rs. 2 coin, and one Rs. 1 coin.
- For Crayons Box (Rs. 20):
  * Way 1: Two Rs. 10 notes.
  * Way 2: One Rs. 20 note.
In simple words: We can pay for items in different ways by using different combinations of notes and coins that add up to the same total.

Exam Tip: Try to use the largest note possible first to keep the total number of notes and coins small.

Question. Have you seen this note? Draw as many notes of Rs. 100 as is equal to one Rs. 500 note. How many Rs. 100 notes are equal to a Rs. 500 note? What things can you buy with Rs. 500?
Answer:
- Yes, I have seen a Rs. 500 note.
- Exactly 5 notes of Rs. 100 are equal to one Rs. 500 note.
- With Rs. 500, we can buy clothes, a movie ticket, pizza, and toys.
In simple words: Five 100-rupee notes make 500 rupees. We can buy many fun things with this amount of money.

Exam Tip: Remember the basic conversion: \( 5 \times 100 = 500 \), so 5 notes of Rs. 100 equal a single Rs. 500 note.

Question. In the morning, Peter uncle has Rs. 465 in his money box. By afternoon, he has Rs. 756. How much has he earned since morning?
Answer:
To find how much Peter uncle earned, we subtract his morning amount from his afternoon amount:
\( 756 - 465 = 291 \)
So, Peter uncle has earned Rs. 291 since morning.
In simple words: We find the difference between his afternoon money and morning money to see how much he made. It is 291 rupees.

Exam Tip: Subtraction is used when we want to find the change or increase between two amounts over time.

Question. Today, Peter uncle sold rice for Rs. 640 and sugar for Rs. 215. How much money has he earned from this sale?
Answer:
To find his total earnings, we add the money from the rice sale and the sugar sale:
\( 640 + 215 = 855 \)
So, Peter uncle earned Rs. 855 today.

We can show Rs. 855 using:
- 8 notes of Rs. 100
- 5 notes of Rs. 10
- 1 coin of Rs. 5
In simple words: Adding 640 and 215 gives 855 rupees. This can be paid with eight 100-rupee notes, five 10-rupee notes, and one 5-rupee coin.

Exam Tip: Break down the total amount into hundreds, tens, and ones to easily identify which notes and coins you need.

Question 1. One day Peter uncle earned Rs. 650. The next day he earned Rs. 250 more. How much money had he earned by the second day?
Answer:
To find the total earnings by the second day, we add the earnings of both days:
\( 650 + 250 = 900 \)
So, Peter uncle earned Rs. 900 by the second day.
In simple words: We put the money from both days together by adding. Rs. 650 plus Rs. 250 is Rs. 900.

Exam Tip: Ensure you carry over correctly: \( 50 + 50 = 100 \), which adds 1 to the hundreds place.

Question 2. Reena bought groceries for Rs. 209. She gave a Rs. 500 note to Peter uncle. How much money should Peter uncle return to Reena?
Answer:
To find how much change Peter uncle should return, we subtract the cost of groceries from Rs. 500:
\( 500 - 209 = 291 \)
So, Peter uncle should return Rs. 291 to Reena.
In simple words: Subtract 209 from 500 to find the change. Peter uncle must give back 291 rupees.

Exam Tip: Be very careful when subtracting across zeroes in numbers like 500. Remember to borrow step-by-step from the hundreds place.

Question 3. Shireen has Rs. 150 in her piggy bank. She puts Rs. 100 every week in her piggy bank. How much money does she have at the end of four weeks?
Answer:
Shireen saves Rs. 100 each week. For 4 weeks, she saves:
\( 100 \times 4 = 400 \) rupees.
She already had Rs. 150. So, we add her new savings to the starting amount:
\( 150 + 400 = 550 \)
So, Shireen has Rs. 550 at the end of four weeks.
In simple words: Adding 100 rupees four times gives 400 rupees. Adding that to her original 150 rupees makes 550 rupees.

Exam Tip: Calculate the repeated savings first by multiplying, and then add the initial amount to get the final total.

Question 4. Peter uncle saved Rs. 250 in the first month, Rs. 125 in the second month and Rs. 350 in the third month. How much has he saved in these three months?
Answer:
To find the total savings, we add the amounts saved in all three months:
\( 250 + 125 + 350 = 725 \)
So, Peter uncle has saved Rs. 725 in these three months.
In simple words: We add 250, 125, and 350 together to find his total savings, which is 725 rupees.

Exam Tip: Grouping numbers can help: \( 250 + 350 = 600 \), then \( 600 + 125 = 725 \). This makes three-digit addition much simpler.

Question. Estimate the answers to the nearest hundred. Share your thinking in the class.
Answer:

In simple words: We round each calculation to the closest hundred. For example, 156 + 34 is 190, which is closest to 200.

Exam Tip: If the tens digit of your final answer is 5 or more, round up to the next hundred. If it is less than 5, round down.

Question. Compare the given problem statements in each row, without calculating. Circle the one that is more. Share your thinking in class. Find the pairs that are equal.
Answer:
1. Identifying the larger calculation (circled):
- Between 373 + 23 and 373 + 40: 373 + 40 is more (since 40 is greater than 23).
- Between 240 + 10 and 204 + 10: 240 + 10 is more (since 240 is greater than 204).
- Between 900 + 9 and 890 + 60: 890 + 60 is more (since 950 is greater than 909).
- Between 345 - 45 and 345 - 54: 345 - 45 is more (subtracting a smaller number leaves more behind).
- Between 800 - 8 and 700 - 8: 800 - 8 is more (starting with a larger number leaves more).

2. Matching the equal pairs:
- 516 + 100 and 816 - 200 both equal 616.
- 615 - 200 and 400 + 15 both equal 415.
- 350 + 50 and 450 - 50 both equal 400.
In simple words: We can compare values by looking at the numbers without fully calculating them. Some problems have different numbers but give the exact same final answer.

Exam Tip: Look at the signs and sizes of the numbers: subtracting more makes the final value smaller, while adding more makes it larger.

Question. Fill in the boxes with appropriate numbers.
Answer:
The numbers and arrows are matched as follows:
- Start at 120 → (+3) → 123 → (+33) → 156 → (-19) → 137
- Start at 127 → (-7) → 120
- Start at 130 → (-3) → 127
- Start at 123 → (+7) → 130
- Start at 150 → (+6) → 156
- Start at 150 → (-20) → 130 (arrow points left)
- Start at 175 → (-25) → 150
- Start at 137 → (+38) → 175
In simple words: Follow the arrows and complete each math step. Each number in a circle leads to the next one by adding or subtracting the value shown in the box.

Exam Tip: Make sure you follow the arrowhead direction: if the arrow points from A to B with "+3", then B is 3 more than A.

Question. Solve the following addition and subtraction problems.
(a) 265 + 9
(b) 405 + 56
(c) 825 + 175
(d) 600 - 82
(e) 568 - 5
(f) 653 - 356
Answer:
(a) \( 265 + 9 = \mathbf{274} \)
(b) \( 405 + 56 = \mathbf{461} \)
(c) \( 825 + 175 = \mathbf{1000} \)
(d) \( 600 - 82 = \mathbf{518} \)
(e) \( 568 - 5 = \mathbf{563} \)
(f) \( 653 - 356 = \mathbf{297} \)
In simple words: These are standard addition and subtraction problems. Work them out carefully by carrying over or borrowing when needed.

Exam Tip: When subtracting from a number with double zeroes like 600, remember to borrow across both place values to get the correct digits.