NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Business Studies, Updated for 2026-27

PART - I FOUNDATIONS OF BUSINESS

CHAPTER - 1 Business, Trade and Commerce

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Appreciate the development of trade and commerce in historical past.
• Understand the role of indigenous banking system in trade and commerce.
• Explain the concept and objectives of business.
• Discuss types of industries.
• Explain the activities relating to commerce.
• Describe the nature of business risks and their causes.
• Discuss the basic factors to be considered while starting a business.

CHAPTER - 2 Forms of Business Organisation

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Identify different forms of business organisation.
• Explain features, merits and limitations of different forms of business organisations.
• Distinguish between various forms of organisations.
• Discuss the factors determining choice of an appropriate form of business organisation.

CHAPTER - 3 Private, Public and Global Enterprises

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Explain the concept and characteristics of business.
• Explain the features of different forms of public enterprises viz.
• Departmental, statutory corporations and government companies.
• Critically examine the changing role of the public sector.
• Explain the features of global enterprises.
• Appreciate the benefits of joint ventures.

CHAPTER - 4 Business Services

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• State the characteristics of services.
• Distinguish services from goods.
• Classify different types of business services.
• Explain the concept of e-banking.
• Identify and classify different types of insurance policies.
• Describe different types of warehouses.

CHAPTER - 5 Emerging Modes of Business

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• State the meaning of e-business.
• Explain the process of online buying and selling as a part of e-business.
• Distinguish e-business from traditional business.
• State benefits of switching over to electronic mode.
• Explain requirements for a firm’s initiation into e-business.
• Identify major security concerns of electronic mode of doing business.
• Discuss the need for business process outsourcing.
• Appreciate the scope of business process outsourcing.

CHAPTER - 6 Social Responsibilities of Business and Business Ethics

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Explain the concept of social responsibility.
• Discuss the need for social responsibility.
• Identify the social responsibility towards different interest groups.
• Analyse the relationship between business and environmental protection.
• Define the concept of business ethics and state the elements of business ethics.

PART - II CORPORATE ORGANISATION, FINANCE AND TRADE

CHAPTER - 7 Formation of a Company

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Specify the important stages in the formation of a company.
• Describe the steps involved in each stage of company formation.
• Specify the documents to be submitted to the registrar of companies.
• State the need of certificate of incorporation and certificate to commence business.

CHAPTER - 8 Sources of Business Finance

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• State the meaning, nature and importance of business finance.
• Classify the various sources of business finance.
• Evaluate merits and limitations of various sources of finance.
• Identify the international sources of finance.
• Examine the factors that affect the choice of an appropriate source of finance.

CHAPTER - 9 Small Business and Entrepreneurship

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Explain the meaning and nature of small business.
• Appreciate the role of small business in India.
• Analyse the problems of small business.
• Classify the different forms of assistance provided by the government to small business, particularly in rural and hilly areas.

CHAPTER - 10 Internal Trade

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Describe the meaning and types of internal trade.
• Specify the services of wholesalers to manufactures and retailers.
• Explain the services of retailers.
• Classify the types of retailers.
• Explain the forms of small scale and large scale retailers.
• State the role of Chambers of Commerce and industry in the promotion of internal trade.
• Officiate the implementation of GST.

CHAPTER - 11 International Business

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• State the meaning of International Business
• Distinguish between Internal and International Business.
• Discuss the scope of International Business.
• Enumerate the benefits of International Business.
• Discuss the documents required for import and export transactions.
• Identify the incentives and schemes available for international firms.
• Discuss the role of different organisations for the promotion of International Business.
• List the major international institutions and agreements at the global level for the promotion of international trade and development.