NCERT Book Class 8 Civics Social and Political Life Confronting Marginalization

Official NCERT Book for Class 8 Social Science: Social and Political Life III Chapter 06 Confronting Marginalization

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Chapter-wise Study Material: Social and Political Life III Chapter 06 Confronting Marginalization

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Invoking Fundamental Rights

 

The Constitution, as you have learnt in the first chapter of this book, lays down the principles that make our society and polity democratic. They are defined in and through the list of Fundamental Rights that are an important part of the Constitution. These rights are available to all Indians equally. As far as the marginalised are concerned, they have drawn on these rights in two ways: first, by insisting on their Fundamental Rights, they have forced the government to recognise the injustice done to them. Second, they have insisted that the government enforce these laws. In some instances, the struggles of the marginalised have influenced the government to frame new laws, in keeping with the spirit of the Fundamental Rights.
 
Article 17 of the Constitution states that untouchability has been abolished - what this means is that no one can henceforth prevent Dalits from educating themselves, entering temples, using public facilities etc. It also means that it is wrong to practise untouchability and that this practice will not be tolerated by a democratic government. In fact, untouchability is a punishable crime now.
 
There are other sections in the Constitution that help to strengthen the argument against untouchability — for example, Article 15 of the Constitution notes that no citizen of India shall be discriminated against on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (you learnt a lot about this in your Class VII textbook in the chapter on Equality). This has been used by Dalits to seek equality where it has been denied to them.
 
Therefore, Dalits can 'invoke' or 'draw on' a Fundamental Right (or Rights) in situations where they feel that they have been treated badly by some individual or community, or even by the government. They have drawn the attention of the government of India to the Constitution, demanding that the government abide by it and do justice to them.

 

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Official NCERT Textbook PDF: Class 8 Social Science Social and Political Life III Chapter 06 Confronting Marginalization

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