CBSE Class 9 Chemistry Is Matter Around Us Pure Notes Set 05

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Pure Substances and Mixtures

Pure substanceMixture
CompositionOne kind of particle, fixed compositionTwo or more substances in any proportion
ExamplesElements and compounds: iron, water, saltAir, sea water, soil, brass
PropertiesFixed melting and boiling pointProperties depend on the components and no fixed melting or boiling point
SeparationOnly by chemical methodsBy physical methods

An element has one kind of atom (metals, non-metals and metalloids like silicon and germanium). A compound has two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio by mass and has properties different from those of its elements. A homogeneous mixture (solution, alloy, air) has uniform composition and a heterogeneous mixture (sand and water, oil and water) does not.

Solutions, Suspensions and Colloids

PropertyTrue solutionColloidSuspension
Particle sizeLess than 1 nm1 nm to 1000 nmMore than 1000 nm
Visible to eyeNoNo (only under ultramicroscope)Yes
Settling on standingDoes not settleDoes not settleSettles
FiltrationPasses through filter paperPasses through filter paperRetained by filter paper
Tyndall effectNoYesYes (but turbid)
ExamplesSalt in water, airMilk, smoke, fog, ink, butterMuddy water, chalk in water

1. Concentration of a solution = mass of solute / mass of solution x 100 (mass percent) or volume of solute / volume of solution x 100 (volume percent).
2. A saturated solution cannot dissolve more solute at a given temperature, and an unsaturated one can. Solubility usually increases with temperature.
3. A colloid has two phases: the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium. Smoke is solid in gas, fog is liquid in gas, milk is liquid in liquid and butter is liquid in solid.
4. Brownian motion is the zig-zag motion of colloidal particles caused by collisions with the particles of the medium. Colloids are stable because the particles carry like charges, and coagulation (for example with alum) neutralises the charge.

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Yes, our CBSE Class 9 Chemistry Is Matter Around Us Pure Notes Set 05 provide a detailed, topic wise breakdown of the chapter. Fundamental definitions, complex numerical formulas and all topics of CBSE syllabus in Class 9 is covered.

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