CBSE Class 8 English Literature Louis Pasteur Worksheet Set 17

Answer: vaccines: medicines that protect against disease
microbiology: the study of tiny living things such as bacteria
tanner: a person who turns animal skins into leather
credentials: qualifications that prove ability
contamination: making something impure or dirty
controversial: causing disagreement
alarming: causing fear or worry
mortality: the death rate
succumb: to give in or die
surmised: guessed
immune: protected from a disease
apprehensive: worried or fearful
inoculated: given a vaccine
deteriorated: became worse

Teacher's Note: Use each word in a sentence of your own to remember it.

Answer: Painting and drawing. He made pastel portraits of his family and neighbours that show his talent, before he turned to science.

Teacher's Note: Give an example if the question allows.

Answer: He found that tiny living organisms (microbes) in the air get into food and make it go bad. This is the germ theory.

Teacher's Note: Write a short, clear answer.

Answer: He found that harmful microbes spoil wine. He showed that heating wine gently to a certain temperature kills them without spoiling the taste. This is called pasteurisation.

Teacher's Note: Remember this for your exam.

Answer: He weakened the microbes of chicken cholera and anthrax and used them to protect animals from the disease. Then he developed a rabies vaccine and used it on a boy.

Teacher's Note: Learn this point and write it in your own words.

Answer: The germ theory, pasteurisation, the cure of the silkworm disease, the vaccines for chicken cholera, anthrax and rabies, and founding the Pasteur Institute.

Teacher's Note: Use the key term in your answer.

Answer: He told the surgeons to wash their hands and sterilise their instruments and bandages by heat. This reduced infections and saved many soldiers' lives.

Teacher's Note: Give an example if the question allows.

Answer: (a) The wine was turning sour. (b) Because it caused huge losses and many people depended on the industry. (c) He studied the wine under a microscope, found the microbes and suggested heating it, which is pasteurisation.

Teacher's Note: Write a short, clear answer.

Answer: (a) The time to test the rabies vaccine on a human. (b) Rabid means infected with rabies, a deadly disease; the rabid dog bit a child. (c) In 1885 the nine-year-old Joseph Meister was badly bitten by a mad dog, and his mother begged Pasteur to help. Pasteur gave him a series of injections of the weakened virus, and the boy did not get the disease.

Teacher's Note: Remember this for your exam.

Answer: (a) A serious infection of the throat caused by bacteria, which blocks breathing, mostly in children. (b) A serum (antitoxin) was developed that cured it. (c) Pasteur's colleague Dr Emile Roux, working at the Pasteur Institute.

Teacher's Note: Learn this point and write it in your own words.

Answer: He lost three of his daughters to disease, and he suffered a stroke that partly paralysed him. He did not give up; he worked even harder to find cures so that other families would not suffer.

Teacher's Note: Use the key term in your answer.

Answer: It shows his devotion to his work, his sense of duty, humility and his hard-working spirit until the end of life.

Teacher's Note: Give an example if the question allows.