CBSE Class 7 Social Science Chapter 04 Turning Tides 11th And 12th Centuries MCQs Set 03

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Chapter 04 Turning Tides 11th And 12th Centuries

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Question: Before establishing themselves independently in Malwa, the Paramaras served as subordinates to which two dynasties?
A. The Pratiharas and the Rashtrakutas
B. The Chandellas and the Hindu Shahis
C. The Ghaznavids and the Ghurids
D. The Cholas and the Pandyas
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) The Pratiharas and the Rashtrakutas

Explanation:
The chapter notes that the Paramaras were originally vassals of the Pratiharas and the Rashtrakutas before rising to independent power in Malwa in the second half of the 10th century.

Question: The Ghaznavid dynasty took its name from which capital city, located in present-day Afghanistan?
A. Ghazna
B. Ghur
C. Kalyani
D. Dhara
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Ghazna

Explanation:
Ghazna, today's Ghazni, was the Ghaznavid capital. Ghur, by contrast, was the base of the rival dynasty that later replaced the Ghaznavids and produced Muhammad Ghuri.

Question: Which central Indian dynasty is specifically mentioned as having put up strong resistance to Mahmud of Ghazni's campaigns?
A. The Chandellas
B. The Paramaras
C. The Hoysalas
D. The Eastern Gangas
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) The Chandellas

Explanation:
Even though Mahmud's raids were ultimately successful, the text points out that he faced stiff opposition from the Chandellas of central India and was even close to defeat on some occasions.

Question: What title did Rajendra Chola I adopt to commemorate his campaigns that reached as far north as the Ganga?
A. Gangaikondachola
B. Rajarajeshvaram
C. Nripati
D. Sultan
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Gangaikondachola

Explanation:
'Gangaikondachola', meaning 'the Chola who seized (or brought) the Ganga,' celebrated both his military success in the north and the river's sacred status.
• 'Rajarajeshvaram' names his father's temple, not a title
• 'Nripati' simply means king and appears on Mahmud's coin
• 'Sultan' was Mahmud's own adopted title

Question: Among Bhaskaracharya's major works, which one is devoted to advanced calculations in astronomy?
A. Siddhantashiromani
B. Lilavati
C. Bijaganita
D. Samarangana Sutradhara
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Siddhantashiromani

Explanation:
Siddhantashiromani, or 'Crown of Treatises on Mathematical Astronomy', dealt with advanced astronomical work, while Lilavati taught basic mathematics through riddles and Bijaganita covered algebra.

Question: Mahmud issued a coin from Lahore with Arabic praise for Islam on one side and Sanskrit praise of himself as 'nripati' on the other. What does this dual design most likely suggest?
A. He wanted the coin to be acceptable and meaningful to both his Muslim followers and his local Indian subjects
B. He had abandoned Islamic titles in favour of Sanskrit ones
C. He intended the coin solely for trade with China
D. He wished to promote Sanskrit literature over Arabic scholarship
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) He wanted the coin to be acceptable and meaningful to both his Muslim followers and his local Indian subjects

Explanation:
Using both languages on a single coin points to a practical strategy of communicating authority to two very different audiences within his newly held territory rather than a shift in personal belief.

Question: Why did the Western Chalukyas eventually fade away, allowing the Kakatiyas and Hoysalas to rise in their place?
A. Prolonged conflict with the Cholas over the fertile Vengi region drained their strength
B. They were directly defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni's forces
C. They converted their kingdom into a Buddhist monastic centre and lost military focus
D. The Pandyas absorbed their territory in a single decisive battle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Prolonged conflict with the Cholas over the fertile Vengi region drained their strength

Explanation:
The chapter links the Western Chalukyas' decline to the fierce, repeated wars fought over Vengi against the Cholas, which weakened them enough for the Kakatiyas and Hoysalas to grow into major powers.

Question: Which two cities served as the successive capitals of the Hoysala dynasty?
A. Velapura (Belur) and Dvarasamudra (Halebidu)
B. Orugallu and Dhara
C. Tanjavur and Gangaikondacholapuram
D. Ajayameru and Dhillika
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Velapura (Belur) and Dvarasamudra (Halebidu)

Explanation:
Velapura, now Belur, and Dvarasamudra, now Halebidu, were the Hoysala capitals, both famous today for their intricately carved temples.

Question: To which deity was the Angkor Wat temple in Cambodia originally dedicated before it was later converted?
A. Vishnu
B. Shiva
C. Buddha
D. Brahma
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Vishnu

Explanation:
Built by the Khmer king Suryavarman II, Angkor Wat was originally a Vishnu temple; only later, following a change of political power, did it become a Buddhist site.

Question: Which social teaching lies at the heart of the Lingayat movement founded by Basaveshvara?
A. Rejecting caste distinctions and emphasising personal devotion and honest work over ritual
B. Strict performance of elaborate Vedic sacrifices
C. Following Adi Shankaracharya's advaita vedanta without modification
D. Worship possible only through temple priests and rituals
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Rejecting caste distinctions and emphasising personal devotion and honest work over ritual

Explanation:
Basaveshvara valued a person's inner worth over social rank, teaching equal spiritual potential for all and expressing this vision through his Kannada vachanas rather than through ritualism.

Question: What was the immediate consequence of Bakhtiyar Khilji's surprise attack at Nadiya around 1203-04?
A. It ended Sena control over much of Bengal
B. It strengthened the Senas through an alliance with the Palas
C. It forced the Senas to shift their capital to Kamarupa and continue ruling
D. It merged Sena territory with that of the Eastern Gangas
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) It ended Sena control over much of Bengal

Explanation:
Catching the Sena ruler unprepared, Bakhtiyar's forces effectively brought an end to Sena rule over most of Bengal, before he moved further east toward Kamarupa.

Question: Al-Biruni learned Sanskrit and produced a detailed survey comparing Indian knowledge with Greek and Islamic traditions. What does this best reveal about him?
A. He approached India with genuine scholarly curiosity, seeking to document its intellectual achievements rather than simply record conquest
B. He was primarily concerned with cataloguing temple treasures for plunder
C. He translated only Buddhist texts and ignored Hindu scholarship
D. He wrote exclusively to prove Greek science was superior to Indian science
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) He approached India with genuine scholarly curiosity, seeking to document its intellectual achievements rather than simply record conquest

Explanation:
Even while travelling with Mahmud's army, al-Biruni immersed himself in Sanskrit texts and conversations with Indian scholars, producing an encyclopaedic account driven by intellectual interest rather than military concerns.

Question: What is the name of the grand temple that Rajaraja Chola built at Thanjavur?
A. Brihadishvara temple, also known as Rajarajeshvaram
B. Kandariya Mahadeva temple
C. Jagannatha temple
D. Bhojeshwar temple
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Brihadishvara temple, also known as Rajarajeshvaram

Explanation:
Also called Rajarajeshvaram after its builder, the Brihadishvara temple at Thanjavur is described in the chapter as a masterpiece of architecture and engineering.

Question: What idea does the chapter's title, 'Turning Tides', mainly capture about the 11th and 12th centuries?
A. A decisive shift in India's political landscape, as foreign incursions went deeper while native kingdoms elsewhere continued to flourish
B. A description of changing ocean currents affecting Chola naval expeditions
C. A reference to shifting trade routes across the Strait of Malacca
D. A record of the changing course of the river Ganga during this era
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) A decisive shift in India's political landscape, as foreign incursions went deeper while native kingdoms elsewhere continued to flourish

Explanation:
Unlike the earlier Arab raids that had little lasting effect, Turkic invasions in this period reached deep into north India and began a phase of foreign rule, even as many native dynasties in the north and across the south kept thriving — a genuine turning point in the subcontinent's history.

Question: What evidence does the chapter offer for continued Indian trade links with China during this turbulent period?
A. Coins and pottery from China and Southeast Asia found at Indian seaports, along with Rajendra Chola's diplomatic mission to China
B. Records of Mahmud of Ghazni establishing trading posts along the Chinese coast
C. Details about the construction of Angkor Wat in Cambodia
D. Accounts describing the burning of Nalanda's library
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Coins and pottery from China and Southeast Asia found at Indian seaports, along with Rajendra Chola's diplomatic mission to China

Explanation:
• Archaeological finds of foreign coins and pottery along India's west coast point to ongoing maritime trade
• Rajendra Chola personally sent a diplomatic mission to China
• Together these details show that commerce persisted despite the political disruptions caused by invasions

Question: The chapter describes al-Biruni as someone who mastered many fields of knowledge at once. Which combination best matches his profile as given in the text?
A. A Persian scholar from Khwarizm skilled in mathematics, astronomy, geography, history and languages
B. An Arab military general who also wrote poetry in his spare time
C. A Central Asian trader who financed temple construction across India
D. A Sanskrit court poet employed by the Sena dynasty of Bengal
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) A Persian scholar from Khwarizm skilled in mathematics, astronomy, geography, history and languages

Explanation:
Al-Biruni came from Khwarizm in present-day Uzbekistan and was, in the chapter's words, a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, historian and linguist all in one person, who travelled with Mahmud and later wrote extensively on Indian knowledge traditions.

Question: Regarding the battle fought near Mount Abu in 1178 against Muhammad Ghuri, why do historians remain uncertain about crediting the victory entirely to Queen Naikidevi?
A. Because the only surviving account comes from Merutunga, a Jain scholar writing more than a hundred years after the event
B. Because no Indian or foreign source ever mentions this battle taking place
C. Because Muhammad Ghuri's own coins claim he won the encounter
D. Because the battle site has never been identified by archaeologists
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Because the only surviving account comes from Merutunga, a Jain scholar writing more than a hundred years after the event

Explanation:
Merutunga's semi-historical chronicle, written over a century later, describes the queen leading the army with her infant son in her lap; since it was composed so long after the event, historians differ on whether the queen or her young son deserves the credit, though they agree the Chaulukyas did defeat Muhammad there.

Question: Under which ruler did the Hoysalas free themselves from Chalukya control and begin challenging the Cholas directly?
A. King Vishnuvardhana
B. King Bhoja
C. King Someshvara III
D. King Sala
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) King Vishnuvardhana

Explanation:
It was under Vishnuvardhana that the Hoysalas broke away from Chalukya overlordship, took on the Cholas, and expanded across most of present-day Karnataka.

Question: Early in the chapter, a special note cautions readers before describing invasions and destruction. What is the main reasoning behind including this note?
A. Studying violent episodes honestly helps us understand their causes, even though no one living today should be blamed for them
B. Such episodes should be skipped entirely since they reflect badly on historical figures
C. The events described are largely legendary and should not be taken as factual history
D. Historians generally agree these events were exaggerated by later chroniclers
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Studying violent episodes honestly helps us understand their causes, even though no one living today should be blamed for them

Explanation:
• The note admits history often records conflict more than peace or creativity.
• It states that facing and analysing darker periods can help prevent their recurrence.
• It stresses that past events cannot be erased, but no one today should be held responsible for them.

Question: After Muhammad Ghuri returned to Ghazni following the capture of Delhi, what role did his general Qutb-ud-din Aibak go on to play?
A. He stayed back to consolidate the conquered territory and later founded the Delhi Sultanate
B. He was sent to govern Ghazni while Muhammad Ghuri ruled in India
C. He led a naval campaign against the Srivijaya Empire
D. He negotiated a peace treaty with Prithviraja III's successors
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) He stayed back to consolidate the conquered territory and later founded the Delhi Sultanate

Explanation:
Muhammad Ghuri, unlike Mahmud, wanted lasting control rather than mere plunder, so he left trusted commanders behind; Aibak was the most prominent among them, and he eventually established the Delhi Sultanate, a development the chapter says will be covered in Grade 8.

Question: Besides bringing the Ganga symbolically southward, which two present-day regions did Rajendra Chola I's northern campaigns reach into?
A. Odisha and Bengal
B. Punjab and Sindh
C. Gujarat and Rajasthan
D. Assam and Tibet
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Odisha and Bengal

Explanation:
Rajendra Chola I extended his father's conquests further north, pushing into parts of present-day Odisha and Bengal, achievements he commemorated by adopting the title 'Gangaikondachola'.

Question: Before their eventual conquest by the Ghaznavids, how far did the territory controlled by the Hindu Shahi dynasty extend?
A. From present-day Afghanistan and northern Pakistan all the way to Punjab
B. Only within the city of Ghazni and its immediate surroundings
C. From the Konkan coast to parts of Rajasthan
D. From Kashmir down to the Gangetic plains near Kannauj
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) From present-day Afghanistan and northern Pakistan all the way to Punjab

Explanation:
The chapter places Hindu Shahi rule across present-day Afghanistan and northern Pakistan, extending as far as Punjab, a stretch that included control of the strategically vital Khyber Pass.

Question: What do the five towering shikharas of the Angkor Wat temple represent?
A. Mount Meru, considered the centre of the cosmos in Hindu mythology
B. The five Pandava brothers from the Mahabharata
C. The five major rivers of the Indian subcontinent
D. The five kingdoms that once ruled Cambodia
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Mount Meru, considered the centre of the cosmos in Hindu mythology

Explanation:
According to the chapter, Angkor Wat's five great towers symbolise Mount Meru, the cosmic mountain of Hindu belief, reflecting how deeply Indian religious ideas had travelled into Southeast Asia by this period.

Question: In its brief survey of regional produce that sustained the agricultural economy of this period, which crop does the chapter associate specifically with Kashmir?
A. Saffron
B. Cotton
C. Wheat
D. Rice
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Saffron

Explanation:
The chapter lists regional specialities such as rice and barley from the Ganga plains, wheat from the northwest, cotton from the west and Deccan, and saffron from Kashmir, underlining how agriculture remained the backbone of the economy across regions.

Question: The modern name 'Delhi' is said to have evolved from which term found in Chahamana inscriptions describing the city?
A. Dhillika
B. Ajayameru
C. Mahotsavanagara
D. Prithvipura
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (A) Dhillika

Explanation:
Chahamana records refer to the flourishing city as 'Dhillika', which was later shortened to 'Dhilli' before finally becoming 'Delhi'.

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