CBSE Class 10 Social Science The Age of Industrialisation Assertion-Reason Questions Set 01

Assertion–Reason Questions

Question 1. Assertion: The first symbol of the new era was cotton.
Reason: In Victorian Britain, industrialists did not want to introduce machines that got rid of human labour and required large capital investment.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer:
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Cotton was indeed the symbol of early industrialisation, so the assertion is true.
Victorian industrialists' preference for hand labour in certain trades was also a real pattern, but this reason does not actually explain why cotton specifically was the era's symbol.

Teacher's Note:
a) Both statements can be true facts from the chapter without one explaining the other — a common AR pattern to watch for.

Question 2. Assertion: The consolidation of East India Company power after the 1760s did not initially lead to a decline in textile exports from India.
Reason: British cotton industries had not yet expanded, and Indian fine textiles were in great demand in Europe.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Both statements are true, and the reason directly explains the assertion: since Britain's own cotton industry hadn't developed yet, the Company had every incentive to keep expanding, not reducing, Indian textile exports.

Teacher's Note:
a) This changed dramatically once Britain's own cotton industry grew — the turning point covered later in the chapter.

Question 3. Assertion: The cotton weavers of India flourished with the Manchester imports.
Reason: With the American Civil War, cotton supplies from the US to Britain decreased.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer:
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true.
The assertion is false: Indian weavers suffered badly, not flourished, once cheap machine-made Manchester cloth flooded Indian markets.
The reason is true: the American Civil War did cut off US cotton supply to Britain, pushing Britain to rely more on Indian raw cotton exports instead.

Teacher's Note:
a) Be careful: a true historical event (the reason) doesn't make a false claim about its effect (the assertion) correct.

Question 4. Assertion: In most industrial regions, workers came from the districts around.
Reason: Peasants and artisans who found no work in their villages went to industrial centres in search of work.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Both statements are true, and the reason directly explains the assertion: rural unemployment is exactly why nearby peasants and artisans migrated to industrial towns for work.

Teacher's Note:
a) Ratnagiri's workers migrating to Bombay's mills is the chapter's clearest real example of this pattern.

Question 5. Assertion: From 1906, the export of Indian yarn to China declined.
Reason: After the First World War, Manchester could never recapture its old position in the Indian market.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true.
Answer:
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Both statements are factually true on their own.
But they describe two separate developments at different times (1906 yarn exports to China; post-WWI Manchester's decline in India) — the reason does not explain the assertion.

Teacher's Note:
a) Watch for AR pairs that combine two true but unconnected historical facts from different points in the chapter's timeline.