CBSE Class 10 Social Science Rise of Nationalism in Europe Important Questions Set 02

Question 1. Interpret the concept of 'liberalism' in the economic sphere during the nineteenth century in Europe.
Answer:
In the economic sphere, liberalism stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital in the nineteenth century.

Teacher's Note:
a) Economic liberalism meant free markets, without state-imposed trade restrictions.
b) This was a core demand of the liberal-nationalist movement in 19th-century Europe.

Question 2. Which nation was identifiable in the revolutionary tricolour in Sorrieu's utopian vision?
Answer:
France — the revolutionary tricolour was identifiable as representing France in Frédéric Sorrieu's utopian vision of a world of democratic and social republics.

Teacher's Note:
a) The tricolour in Sorrieu's print represents France.
b) His vision imagined nations marching together towards liberty.

Question 3. What was the main aim of the Treaty of Vienna, 1815?
Answer:
The main aim of the Treaty of Vienna (1815) was to undo most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Vienna settlement aimed to reverse Napoleonic-era changes.
b) It restored many pre-revolutionary monarchies and borders.

Question 4. What was the meaning of liberalism in early nineteenth-century Europe?
Answer:
Liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality for all before the law.
Politically, it meant government by consent.

Teacher's Note:
a) Liberalism meant individual freedom and equality before the law.
b) It also demanded government based on the people's consent, not absolute monarchy.

Question 5. What was the main aim of the revolutionaries of Europe in the years following 1815?
Answer:
The main aim of the revolutionaries of Europe in the years following 1815 was to oppose the monarchical form of government.
It emphasised the notion of a united community which would have equal rights under a constitution.

Teacher's Note:
a) Post-1815 revolutionaries opposed monarchy and sought constitutional equality.
b) This directly challenged the conservative order set up at the Congress of Vienna.

Question 6. What was the main aim of the French revolutionaries?
Answer:
The main aim of the French Revolutionaries was to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.

Teacher's Note:
a) French revolutionaries aimed to forge a shared national identity.
b) Ideas like 'la patrie' and 'le citoyen' served this unifying purpose.

Question 7. Identify the French artist who prepared a series of four prints visualising his dream of a world of nations: (a) Kitagawa Utamaro (b) Richard M. Hoe (c) Voltaire (d) Frédéric Sorrieu.
Answer:
(d) Frédéric Sorrieu — the French artist who prepared the series of four prints visualising his dream of a world of democratic and social republics.

Teacher's Note:
a) Frédéric Sorrieu created this four-print series.
b) The other three names are not associated with this artwork.

Question 8. Which one of the following statements is false regarding the Act of Union 1707: (a) It was an agreement between England and Scotland (b) It was an agreement between England and Ireland (c) It resulted in the formation of the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain' (d) It gave England control over Scotland?
Answer:
(b) It was an agreement between England and Ireland — this is the false statement, since the Act of Union 1707 was actually an agreement between England and Scotland, not Ireland.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Act of Union 1707 was between England and Scotland.
b) A separate, later union (1801) dealt with Ireland.

Question 9. Mention the proclamation of the French Revolution.
Answer:
During the French Revolution, the proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy was a proclamation by the National Convention of France, announcing that it had abolished the French monarchy on 21 September 1792.

Teacher's Note:
a) The National Convention proclaimed the abolition of the French monarchy on 21 September 1792.
b) This marked a decisive break from centuries of monarchical rule in France.

Question 10. How was the Napoleonic Code exported to the regions under French control? Explain with examples.
Answer:
Under the Napoleonic Code, all privileges obtained at birth were dismissed, establishing equality before the law.
It granted the right to property to French citizens and simplified administration, making it more efficient, while abolishing multiple taxes.
It improved transportation and business travel, and freed the peasantry by abolishing serfdom and feudalism; weights and measures were standardised.
Napoleon exported many of these reforms to the other regions under French control, carrying the ideals of the French Revolution beyond France's own borders.

Teacher's Note:
a) The Napoleonic Code abolished birth privileges and established legal equality.
b) Napoleon spread these same reforms into other territories under French control, not just within France.

Question 11. Describe the elements that led to the development of a collective identity in revolutionary France.
Answer:
The ideas of La Patrie (the fatherland) and Le Citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.
A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the Royal Standard.
The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly.

Teacher's Note:
a) Shared ideas (fatherland, citizenship), a new flag, and a reformed assembly all built collective French identity.
b) Together, these elements gave ordinary French people a shared sense of belonging to one nation.