CBSE Class 10 Social Science Resources, Nationalism in Europe, Federalism and Development Assignment Set 14

Answer: (b) Muskmelon. Zaid is the short summer season between rabi and kharif, and watermelon, muskmelon and cucumber are typical zaid crops.

Teacher's Note:
1. Zaid crops grow between March and June.
2. Groundnut and soyabean are kharif crops and mustard is a rabi crop.

Answer: (c) Security and freedom measures improved by the government. Safety and freedom are not goods that can be bought, yet they raise the quality of life.

Teacher's Note:
1. Non-material factors such as security, freedom and respect matter along with income.
2. Cars and rented houses are material benefits.

Answer: (a) The Poona Pact. Signed in 1932 between Gandhiji and Dr B. R. Ambedkar, it gave the Depressed Classes reserved seats in the legislative councils.

Teacher's Note:
1. The pact followed Gandhiji's fast against separate electorates.
2. The Lucknow Pact of 1916 concerned Congress and Muslim League cooperation.

Answer: (c) By making amendments to the constitution of Belgium. Belgian leaders recognised regional differences and amended the constitution several times to share power between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities.

Teacher's Note:
1. Belgium chose accommodation, not majority rule.
2. This is the 'Belgian model' of power sharing.

Answer: It was usually known as the Civil Code of 1804. It did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to property.

Teacher's Note:
1. The Code was introduced in the regions Napoleon controlled.
2. Remember at least two of its provisions.

Answer: Madhav is engaged in the unorganised sector. Jobs there are irregular, low-paid and have no security, and he is also underemployed.

Teacher's Note:
1. Unorganised-sector work has no fixed hours or job security.
2. Underemployment means working below one's capacity.

Answer: (A) Cotton textile, jute, sugar, rubber or edible oil industries (any one). (B) Iron and steel, cement or aluminium industries (any one).

Teacher's Note:
1. Industries are classified by the raw material they use.
2. Give one clear example for each blank.

Answer: Members of the German states elected an all-German National Assembly to draw up a constitution for a unified German nation under a monarchy that would be answerable to parliament. The King of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm IV, rejected the crown it offered, and the assembly was forced to disband.

Teacher's Note:
1. The Parliament was the liberal attempt at German unification.
2. The old aristocracy and the military opposed it.

Answer: The basic idea is that power is divided between the Union government and the State governments, each independent in its own sphere. Both derive their authority from the Constitution and neither can unilaterally change the arrangement.

Teacher's Note:
1. Federalism is power sharing between different levels of government.
2. The Constitution lists subjects in the Union, State and Concurrent Lists.

Answer: (d) Pollution-free environment development. The harm shows that growth without a safe environment destroys health and lives, so a clean and safe environment must be part of the development goal.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sustainable development includes protecting the environment.
2. Income alone does not guarantee a good quality of life.

Answer: there is no supervisory body to monitor informal lenders. They do not have to report how much they lend, to whom, or at what interest rate, and they can use unfair means to recover loans.

Teacher's Note:
1. Informal lenders are outside the control of the Reserve Bank of India.
2. Their interest rates are often very high.

Answer: (c) Flow resources are also known as developed resources. Flow resources are renewable resources, while 'developed resources' are resources that have been surveyed and are being used.

Teacher's Note:
1. Flow resources are renewable, not 'developed'.
2. Check each statement against the classification by exhaustibility.

Answer: 1. There are two or more levels of government.
2. Different levels of government govern the same citizens but have their own jurisdiction in legislation, taxation and administration.
3. The jurisdiction of each level is specified in the Constitution, so its existence and authority are constitutionally guaranteed.
Other features: courts act as umpires in disputes, and sources of revenue for each level are clearly specified.

Teacher's Note:
1. Give any three features with a short explanation of each.
2. The Constitution cannot be changed by one level of government alone.

Answer: The Zila Parishad is the district-level body of the Panchayati Raj system. Its members are elected from the Panchayat Samitis of the district, together with the Members of the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assembly of that district and some other district-level officials. Its chairperson is the political head of the district.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is the top tier of the rural local government.
2. The Panchayat Samitis make up its base.

Answer: 1. They owned estates in the countryside and town houses, and were united by a common way of life across regions.
2. They spoke French for diplomacy and high society, and were linked by marriage ties. They were a small group compared with the peasantry.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pick two clear features from the passage.
2. Use the information given in the source.

Answer: Politically, liberalism meant government by consent, a constitution and representative parliament. Economically, it stood for freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital. For the new middle classes it also meant individual freedom and equality before the law, although property-owning men alone got the vote, so women and the propertyless did not share these rights.

Teacher's Note:
1. The passage gives the political meaning; the economic meaning comes from the chapter.
2. Mention that voting rights were limited.