CBSE Class 10 Social Science Development Important Questions Set 04

Question 1. How do we count various goods and services for calculating the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country? Explain with an example.
Answer:
The total production is calculated by adding up the final value of goods and services in a given sector; this gives us the GDP for that sector.
For example: wheat and flour are intermediate goods used to make final products such as bread and biscuits; other ingredients may include salt, sugar and butter.
Intermediate products are not counted in GDP — in this case, only bread and biscuits (the final products) are counted in GDP.

Teacher's Note:
a) GDP only counts final goods, not intermediate ones used up in making them.
b) Wheat/flour (intermediate) vs bread/biscuits (final) illustrates this distinction.

Question 2. How do different persons have different developmental goals? Explain with examples.
Answer:
People seek equal treatment, freedom, security and respect, in addition to income.
Every individual has their own priority between material things and non-material things.
Development involves many questions about a better life and the ways to achieve one's goals; since every individual differs from the others, the notion of development also varies.
Differences in social and economic position generally result in different developmental goals — for example, a girl might prioritise gender equality or more freedom.

Teacher's Note:
a) Development goals vary because people's priorities (income vs. freedom, equality, security) differ.
b) Social and economic position shapes what 'development' means to each person.

Question 3. What is the meaning of development? Explain the two aspects of development.
Answer:
Development refers to progress or improvement in lifestyle.
Important aspects of development: different persons can have different developmental goals; and what counts as development for one person may not be development for another — it may even be destructive for someone else.

Teacher's Note:
a) Development is progress in lifestyle, but it's not one-size-fits-all.
b) What helps one group can sometimes harm another, which is why development goals conflict.

Question 4. Apart from income, what other six things do people look for in growth and development?
Answer:
Apart from income, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security and respect from others.
They resent discrimination; all these are important goals.
In some cases, these may be more important than more income or consumption, because material goods are not all that is needed to live well.
Still, money or the material things one can buy with it remains one factor on which life depends.

Teacher's Note:
a) Equal treatment, freedom, security and respect matter alongside income.
b) Material wealth alone doesn't capture everything people value in development.

Question 5. Which three efforts should be made by any country to improve its HDI (Human Development Index)?
Answer:
Providing 100% literacy to the people.
Improving health facilities.
Creating a pollution-free environment.

Teacher's Note:
a) Literacy, healthcare and a clean environment all raise HDI.
b) These three span the HDI's core focus areas: education, health and quality of life.

Question 6. “People have conflicting developmental goals.” Support the statement with a suitable example.
Answer:
Different persons could have different, even conflicting, notions of a country's development.
Two people or groups may seek conflicting things: to get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams; but this may submerge land and disrupt the lives of displaced people, such as tribal communities.
They might resent this and prefer small check dams or tanks to irrigate their land instead.

Teacher's Note:
a) Industrialists wanting big dams and displaced tribal communities wanting small check dams is a classic conflicting-goals example.
b) This shows how one group's development can be another group's loss.

Question 7. Explain the factors on which the quality of life depends.
Answer:
Money and material things.
Presence of family members, friends and relatives.
A good working atmosphere at the office.
An opportunity to learn and contribute.
A position of self-respect in the family.
A safe and secure environment.

Teacher's Note:
a) Quality of life spans material wealth, relationships, work environment and self-respect.
b) This shows why income alone can't fully define a good life.