Official Class 10 Science Worksheets: All Chapters
Access comprehensive chapter-wise worksheets for All Chapters using the CBSE Class 10 Science Foundation Worksheet Reflection of Light Chemical Reactions and Nutrition in Plants Set 08. Designed to align with the 2026-27 academic syllabus for Class 10 Science, these printable practice sets help students reinforce key concepts and improve their overall exam readiness.
Solved Practice Worksheets for Science
Access the complete worksheet PDF for Class 10 Science below. Regular practice with these targeted academic tasks builds familiarity with standard question patterns and helps secure higher marks in final school examinations.
Physics: Reflection of Light (Notes)
Light is a form of energy with both wave and particle nature. Its speed in vacuum is 3 × 10⁸ m/s. The bouncing back of light from a polished surface is called reflection. Laws of reflection: (i) the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection; (ii) the incident ray, the normal at the point of incidence and the reflected ray lie in the same plane.
Plane mirror: the image is virtual, erect, laterally inverted, of the same size as the object (magnification +1), and as far behind the mirror as the object is in front. Lateral inversion is the apparent exchange of the right and left sides of the object in the image.
A spherical mirror is a mirror with a curved reflecting surface, which can be seen as part of a hollow glass sphere. A concave mirror reflects from the inner surface (curved inwards) and a convex mirror from the outer surface (curved outwards). The inside of a steel spoon acts as a concave mirror and the outside as a convex mirror. The pole (P) is the centre of the reflecting surface, the centre of curvature (C) is the centre of the sphere of which the mirror is a part, the principal axis is the line through P and C, and the focus (F) is the point where rays parallel to the axis meet (or appear to meet) after reflection.
Physics: Worksheet Answers
1. Define light.
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Answer: Light is a form of energy that makes objects visible. It travels in a straight line at 3 × 10⁸ m/s in vacuum and shows both wave and particle nature.
Teacher's Note: Use the key term in your answer.
2. Define pole and centre of curvature.
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Answer: The pole is the centre of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror. The centre of curvature is the centre of the sphere of which the mirror is a part.
Teacher's Note: Give an example if the question allows.
3. Define a spherical mirror and its types.
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Answer: A spherical mirror is a mirror whose reflecting surface is part of a sphere. There are two types: concave (reflecting surface curved inwards) and convex (curved outwards).
Teacher's Note: Write a short, clear answer.
4. Explain the laws of reflection.
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Answer: (i) The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. (ii) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence lie in the same plane. These apply to all reflecting surfaces, including curved ones.
Teacher's Note: Remember this for your exam.
5. Differentiate between a concave and a convex mirror.
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Answer:
| Concave mirror | Convex mirror |
|---|---|
| Reflecting surface curved inwards | Reflecting surface curved outwards |
| Converges parallel rays | Diverges parallel rays |
| Forms real or virtual images | Always forms virtual, erect, smaller images |
| Used in shaving mirrors, torches, headlights | Used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles |
Teacher's Note: Learn this point and write it in your own words.
6. For what angle of incidence is the lateral shift by a parallel-sided glass slab zero?
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Answer: The lateral shift is zero when the angle of incidence is 0°, i.e. when the ray falls along the normal. The ray then goes straight through without bending.
Teacher's Note: Use the key term in your answer.
7. For the same angle of incidence of 45°, the angles of refraction in media 1 and 2 are 20° and 30°. Which is optically denser and why?
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Answer: Medium 1 is optically denser. The ray bends more towards the normal in medium 1 (the angle of refraction is smaller), and the more a ray bends towards the normal, the higher the refractive index (sin i / sin r) of that medium.
Teacher's Note: Give an example if the question allows.
8. For the same angle of incidence in media p, q and r, the angles of refraction are 45°, 35° and 15°. In which medium will the velocity of light be minimum?
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Answer: In medium r. The angle of refraction is smallest there, so its refractive index is highest. Since n = c/v, the speed of light is least in the medium with the highest refractive index.
Teacher's Note: Write a short, clear answer.
Chemistry: Chemical Reactions and Equations (Notes)
A physical change alters physical properties but no new substance forms, e.g. melting of ice, boiling water, dissolving sugar. A chemical change forms new substances, e.g. cooking food, fermentation of grapes, burning fuels. In a chemical reaction the reactants change into products, with the breaking and making of bonds. For example, magnesium burns in oxygen to give white magnesium oxide.
Characteristics of a chemical reaction: change in temperature, formation of a precipitate, evolution of a gas, change of state and change of colour.
In an exothermic reaction heat is given out (CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂). In an endothermic reaction heat is absorbed (ammonium chloride mixed with barium hydroxide cools). A precipitate forms when barium chloride is mixed with sodium sulphate (white BaSO₄). Hydrogen gas is evolved when zinc reacts with dilute H₂SO₄. Hydrogen burns in air to form water (change of state). Ferrous sulphate crystals change colour on heating.
A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a reaction, with reactants on the left, products on the right, and an arrow showing the direction. A skeletal equation gives only the symbols and formulae, e.g. Mg + O₂ → MgO.
Chemistry: Worksheet Answers
1. What is a chemical equation?
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Answer: A chemical equation is the representation of a chemical reaction using the symbols and formulae of the reactants and products.
Teacher's Note: Remember this for your exam.
2. Name the gas evolved when zinc reacts with dilute HCl.
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Answer: Hydrogen gas (Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂).
Teacher's Note: Learn this point and write it in your own words.
3. Is souring of milk a physical or a chemical change?
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Answer: It is a chemical change, as lactic acid forms and the milk cannot go back to its original state.
Teacher's Note: Use the key term in your answer.
4. Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning?
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Answer: Magnesium is coated with a layer of magnesium oxide, which stops it from reacting with oxygen. Cleaning it with sandpaper removes the layer.
Teacher's Note: Give an example if the question allows.
5. What are exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.
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Answer: In an exothermic reaction, heat is given out: burning of natural gas, CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O + heat, and the reaction of quicklime with water. In an endothermic reaction, heat is taken in from the surroundings: photosynthesis, and the reaction of ammonium chloride with barium hydroxide.
Teacher's Note: Write a short, clear answer.
6. Differentiate between physical and chemical changes.
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Answer:
| Physical change | Chemical change |
|---|---|
| No new substance is formed | A new substance is formed |
| Usually reversible | Usually irreversible |
| Only physical properties change | Chemical properties also change |
| Melting of ice | Burning of paper |
Teacher's Note: Remember this for your exam.
7. Describe an activity to show the formation of a precipitate and evolution of a gas.
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Answer: Precipitate: take a solution of barium chloride in a test tube and add sodium sulphate solution. A white precipitate of barium sulphate is formed: BaCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ → BaSO₄↓ + 2NaCl.
Gas: put a few zinc granules in a test tube and add dilute sulphuric acid. Bubbles of hydrogen gas are seen, and the gas burns with a pop sound when a burning matchstick is brought near: Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂↑.
Teacher's Note: Learn this point and write it in your own words.
8. Translate into chemical equations.
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Answer: a) 2K + 2H₂O → 2KOH + H₂
b) 2H₂S + 3O₂ → 2H₂O + 2SO₂
c) CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ (on heating)
d) N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃
e) CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O
Teacher's Note: Use the key term in your answer.
Biology: Nutrition in Plants and Photosynthesis (Notes)
Life processes are the basic functions that living organisms perform to stay alive: nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion, control and coordination, and reproduction. A nutrient is a substance the organism takes from its surroundings as a source of energy or for building the body. Carbohydrates and fats mainly give energy, while proteins and minerals build the body. Nutrition is the intake and use of nutrients.
Autotrophic nutrition: the organism makes its own food from carbon dioxide and water, with sunlight, e.g. green plants. Heterotrophic nutrition: the organism depends on other organisms for food. It is of three types: saprotrophic (from dead and decaying matter, e.g. mushrooms, bread mould), parasitic (from a living host without killing it at once, e.g. Plasmodium, Cuscuta) and holozoic (ingestion, digestion and absorption of food, e.g. humans, Amoeba).
Photosynthesis: green plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make food, with chlorophyll in the chloroplasts. Oxygen is given off as a by-product: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.
Biology: Worksheet Answers
1. What are nutrients?
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Answer: Nutrients are substances that an organism takes from its surroundings and uses as a source of energy or for building and repairing the body, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water.
Teacher's Note: Give an example if the question allows.
2. Name the types of heterotrophic nutrition.
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Answer: Saprotrophic, parasitic and holozoic nutrition.
Teacher's Note: Write a short, clear answer.
3. What are saprotrophs?
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Answer: Saprotrophs are organisms that get their food from dead and decaying plants and animals, such as fungi (bread mould and mushrooms) and many bacteria.
Teacher's Note: Remember this for your exam.
4. What type of nutrition does Amoeba show? What does its diet include?
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Answer: Amoeba shows holozoic nutrition. It feeds on tiny organisms such as bacteria and algae. It engulfs the food with finger-like pseudopodia, forms a food vacuole, digests the food with enzymes, and absorbs it.
Teacher's Note: Learn this point and write it in your own words.
5. How does photosynthesis occur in plants?
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Answer: The leaves take in carbon dioxide from the air through stomata, and the roots take water from the soil. In the chloroplasts, chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and the plant changes carbon dioxide and water into glucose, giving out oxygen.
Teacher's Note: Use the key term in your answer.
6. What is the importance of photosynthesis?
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Answer: It makes food for the plants and, through them, for all animals. It releases oxygen, which all living things need for respiration, and it removes carbon dioxide from the air.
Teacher's Note: Give an example if the question allows.
7. How does a plant get nutrients? What are the essential nutrients?
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Answer: Plants make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis, and take minerals from the soil through the roots. The primary nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the secondary nutrients are sulphur, magnesium and calcium, and the rest, such as iron and zinc, are micronutrients needed in very small quantities.
Teacher's Note: Write a short, clear answer.
8. Differentiate between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.
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Answer:
| Autotrophic nutrition | Heterotrophic nutrition |
|---|---|
| Organism makes its own food | Organism depends on others for food |
| Uses CO₂, water and sunlight | Takes ready-made organic food |
| Green plants, some bacteria | Animals, fungi, most bacteria |
Teacher's Note: Remember this for your exam.
9. Differentiate between living and non-living things.
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Answer:
| Living things | Non-living things |
|---|---|
| Grow and develop | Do not grow by themselves |
| Use energy, respire and reproduce | Do not respire or reproduce |
| Are made of cells and respond to the environment | Have no cells and do not respond |
Teacher's Note: Learn this point and write it in your own words.
Free study material for Science
CBSE Class 10 Science Worksheets for All Chapters
Download Chapter Worksheets: Class 10 Science
Access structured practice worksheets for All Chapters aligned with the 2026 CBSE curriculum. These downloadable exercises for Class 10 Science help students build accuracy and reinforce core concepts for upcoming school tests.
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