Introduction
Data
Data refers to more than the mere collection of numbers. We seek answers to questions through data.
Collecting data
The study of data begins with the posing of a question, for example, which is the favourite ice cream
flavour of your class. First of all, you identify the problem, that is, what question is required to be answered.In this case, you want to know the favourite ice cream flavour of the class. Further, you collect the data which helps you to answer this question.
How do we collect the data that helps us to answer the question? For example, how can we prepare a data by asking the favourite ice cream flavour of your class. Begin with making a prediction. What do you think will be the favourite flavour or second favourite flavour of your class? Making a prediction helps to take your investigation in the right direction.
The next step is to develop a plan to collect information to answer the question. You can collect your own data or use data from other sources.
For example, to find the answer to the above question, you can collect the data as below:
• Seek approval of the teacher
• Decide the time needed to complete the investigation
• Decide which flavours to list
• Know the number of students to be considered
• Prepare a sheet which has a question and options written on it
• Finally collect the responses of all the students
Since data is a collection of facts, it is important to organise and represent the data in a meaningful way so that it can be analysed and inferences can be drawn.
Next we can discuss about pictograph with some examples.
Pictorial representation of Data
Representation of data using picture symbols is called a pictograph.A variety of methods have been developed to represent numerical data pictorially, such as pictographs,bar graphs, circle graphs (pie charts) etc.
Use of Picture Symbols
This method is often used for the purpose of quick and clear understanding and making comparisons.
Pictures are generally eye-catching and have a more lasting impression on the mind of the observers.
Such representations are employed in business concerns, industry, advertisement concerns etc. for presentation of certain information to the general public.
Let us consider some examples to understand pictograph clearly.
Example 2. Children of a group were asked about their favourite animal in a zoo. This is how they answered.
Tiger, Lion, Monkey, Elephant, Monkey, Bear, Zebra, Elephant, Zebra, Bear, Elephant,Monkey, Zebra, Elephant, Tiger, Lion, Elephant, Tiger, Bear, Elephant, Tiger, Elephant,
Elephant, Tiger, Lion, Bear, Monkey, Tiger, Lion, Elephant, Bear, Monkey, Elephant,Bear, Monkey, Tiger, Lion, Tiger, Bear
We can represent this information through a pictograph.
From the pictograph, answer the following questions.
1. How many children opted for tiger? 8 children
2. How many children opted for lion? 5 children
3. How many children opted for monkey? 6 children
4. Which animal is liked by the least number of children? Zebra
5. Which animal is liked by most number of children? Elephant
Please click on below link to download CBSE Class 4 Maths Pictography Worksheet
