NEET Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production MCQs Set 09

Answer: (b) India

Explanation:
1. IR-8 came from the Philippines and Taichung Native-1 from Taiwan.
2. Jaya and Ratna were developed in India from these.

Teacher's Note:
1. Semi-dwarf varieties were key to the Green Revolution.

Answer: (c) North India

Explanation:
1. Saccharum barberi was originally grown in North India.
2. It had poor sugar content and yield, so it was crossed with S. officinarum.

Teacher's Note:
1. South India grew thick, sugar-rich S. officinarum.

Answer: (a) Leaf and stripe rust and hill bunt

Explanation:
1. Himgiri is resistant to leaf rust, stripe rust and hill bunt.
2. White rust is controlled in Pusa Swarnim of Brassica.

Teacher's Note:
1. Rusts are fungal diseases of wheat.

Answer: (d) Both hybridisation and selection

Explanation:
1. Conventional breeding for resistance uses hybridisation and selection.
2. Mutation breeding is a non-conventional method.

Teacher's Note:
1. Steps are screening germplasm, hybridisation and selection.

Answer: (c) Bhindi (okra)

Explanation:
1. Parbhani Kranti is a variety of Abelmoschus esculentus (bhindi).
2. It is resistant to yellow mosaic virus.

Teacher's Note:
1. Resistance to YMV in mung bean was induced by mutation.

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Resistance to maize stem borer is due to high aspartic acid with low nitrogen and sugar content.
2. So all the listed features are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. In cotton, hairy leaves give jassid resistance.

Answer: (a) Wheat

Explanation:
1. Atlas 66 is a wheat variety having high protein content.
2. It is used as a donor for improving protein content.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is an example of biofortification.

Answer: (d) Pusa Sawani

Explanation:
1. Pusa Sawani of Abelmoschus esculentus is resistant to shoot and fruit borer.
2. Pusa Gaurav is Brassica for aphids and Pusa Komal is cowpea for bacterial blight.

Teacher's Note:
1. The names are given in NCERT table of disease resistant varieties.

Answer: (a) Somatic hybrid

Explanation:
1. Pomato was produced by fusing protoplasts of potato and tomato.
2. Such a hybrid from somatic cells is a somatic hybrid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pomato did not give good fruit and tubers.

Answer: (d) Biomining

Explanation:
1. Embryo transfer, tissue culture and mutation breeding are tools used to enhance production.
2. Biomining is extraction of metals using microbes, not food production.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biomining is a mining technique.

Answer: (d) Both high yielding and disease resistant varieties

Explanation:
1. The Green Revolution used breeding to produce high yielding and disease resistant varieties.
2. Wild varieties were not the aim.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution tripled food supply from 1960 to 2000.

Answer: (b) Hybridisation of pure lines followed by artificial selection

Explanation:
1. Classical breeding includes hybridising pure lines and then artificially selecting the desired recombinants.
2. It does not use only hybridisation or only selection.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mutation breeding is non-conventional.

Answer: (b) Three

Explanation:
1. After research field testing, selected lines are evaluated in farmers' fields for at least three growing seasons.
2. They are compared with the best local cultivar.

Teacher's Note:
1. Testing is done at several locations.

Answer: (b) S. officinarum x S. barberi

Explanation:
1. The thick, sweet S. officinarum of South India was crossed with the hardy S. barberi of North India.
2. The hybrid combined sugar content, thick stem and adaptation to North India.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is an example of wide hybridisation.

Answer: (d) Cowpea - Pusa Snowball K-1

Explanation:
1. Pusa Snowball K-1 is a cauliflower variety.
2. Cowpea variety is Pusa Komal.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pusa Komal resists bacterial blight.

Answer: (b) Mutation breeding

Explanation:
1. Resistance in mung bean was induced by mutation using mutagens.
2. The mutants were then selected.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mutations create variability in the absence of natural variants.

Answer: (d) Hairy leaves

Explanation:
1. Hairy and smooth leaves respectively help resistance to jassids in cotton and cereal leaf beetle in wheat.
2. Hairy leaves is the listed morphological character.

Teacher's Note:
1. Solid stems of wheat resist stem sawfly.

Answer: (d) Both high aspartic acid and low nitrogen and sugar content

Explanation:
1. Maize stem borer resistance is due to high aspartic acid together with low nitrogen and sugar.
2. Option (d) combines both.

Teacher's Note:
1. High sugar and nitrogen would favour pests.

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Hidden hunger is caused by lack of protein, vitamins and minerals (micronutrients) despite enough calories.
2. So all the listed deficiencies are involved.

Teacher's Note:
1. It affects hundreds of millions of people.

Answer: (d) Reduced skin pigmentation

Explanation:
1. Hidden hunger increases disease risk, shortens life and reduces mental ability.
2. Reduced skin pigmentation is not one of the listed outcomes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hidden hunger is addressed by biofortification.

Answer: (c) Biofortification

Explanation:
1. Biofortification is breeding for improved nutritional quality.
2. The other terms deal with pollutants.

Teacher's Note:
1. Aim is to improve public health.

Answer: (d) Carbohydrate content

Explanation:
1. The main objectives are protein, oil, vitamin and micronutrient and mineral content.
2. Carbohydrate content is not one of them.

Teacher's Note:
1. The aim is to improve the nutritional status of people.

Answer: (a) Iron

Explanation:
1. Iron-fortified rice varieties have been developed to combat anaemia.
2. Iron is the nutrient enhanced.

Teacher's Note:
1. IARI also released vitamin and mineral rich vegetables.

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Microbes for single cell protein can grow on potato waste water, straw and sewage.
2. So all are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. SCP reduces pollution while providing protein.

Answer: (b) 25 tonnes

Explanation:
1. Because of rapid growth, 250 kg of this bacterium can make about 25 tonnes of protein per day.
2. Cattle would take much longer for the same amount.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is an example of SCP.