NEET Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production MCQs Set 08

Answer: (b) Three growing seasons

Explanation:
1. Selected lines are tested in farmers' fields for at least three growing seasons.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biofortification breeds crops for higher protein, vitamins, minerals and healthier fats to reduce hidden hunger (Atlas 66 wheat, iron rich rice, vitamin A rich carrot, spinach, bitter gourd).
2. Tissue culture works on totipotency; micropropagation gives somaclones, and fusing protoplasts with PEG gives somatic hybrids such as pomato; single cell protein (SCP) such as Spirulina and Methylophilus is grown on waste.

Answer: (d) Jaya

Explanation:
1. Jaya was developed in India, whereas IR-8 and IR-36 came from the Philippines and TN-1 from Taiwan.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plant breeding steps: collection of variability (germplasm), evaluation and selection of parents, cross hybridisation, selection of superior recombinants, and testing, release and commercialisation (tested for at least three growing seasons).
2. Genetic variability is the root of any breeding programme.

Answer: (b) S. officinarum x S. baberi

Explanation:
1. Saccharum officinarum (thick stem, high sugar) was crossed with S. barberi (hardy) to combine desirable qualities.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution needed high yielding semi-dwarf varieties (Jaya, Ratna, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona); disease resistance is bred by hybridisation and selection, or by mutation (mung bean, YMV resistance).
2. Resistant varieties: wheat Himgiri, Brassica Pusa Swarnim, cauliflower Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1, cowpea Pusa Komal, chilli Pusa Sadabahar, okra Pusa Sawani.

Answer: (d) Cowpea – Pusa snowball K1

Explanation:
1. Pusa Snowball K-1 is a cauliflower variety, not a cowpea variety.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plant breeding steps: collection of variability (germplasm), evaluation and selection of parents, cross hybridisation, selection of superior recombinants, and testing, release and commercialisation (tested for at least three growing seasons).
2. Genetic variability is the root of any breeding programme.

Answer: (b) Mutation breeding

Explanation:
1. Resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew in mung bean was induced by mutation breeding.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution needed high yielding semi-dwarf varieties (Jaya, Ratna, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona); disease resistance is bred by hybridisation and selection, or by mutation (mung bean, YMV resistance).
2. Resistant varieties: wheat Himgiri, Brassica Pusa Swarnim, cauliflower Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1, cowpea Pusa Komal, chilli Pusa Sadabahar, okra Pusa Sawani.

Answer: (a) Yellow mosaic virus

Explanation:
1. Parbhani Kranti (Abelmoschus esculentus) is resistant to yellow mosaic virus.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biofortification breeds crops for higher protein, vitamins, minerals and healthier fats to reduce hidden hunger (Atlas 66 wheat, iron rich rice, vitamin A rich carrot, spinach, bitter gourd).
2. Tissue culture works on totipotency; micropropagation gives somaclones, and fusing protoplasts with PEG gives somatic hybrids such as pomato; single cell protein (SCP) such as Spirulina and Methylophilus is grown on waste.

Answer: (d) Hairy leaves

Explanation:
1. Hairy leaves give resistance to jassids in cotton and cereal leaf beetle in wheat.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plant breeding steps: collection of variability (germplasm), evaluation and selection of parents, cross hybridisation, selection of superior recombinants, and testing, release and commercialisation (tested for at least three growing seasons).
2. Genetic variability is the root of any breeding programme.

Answer: (d) Both 1 and 2

Explanation:
1. High aspartic acid, along with low nitrogen and sugar, gives maize resistance to stem borer.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution needed high yielding semi-dwarf varieties (Jaya, Ratna, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona); disease resistance is bred by hybridisation and selection, or by mutation (mung bean, YMV resistance).
2. Resistant varieties: wheat Himgiri, Brassica Pusa Swarnim, cauliflower Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1, cowpea Pusa Komal, chilli Pusa Sadabahar, okra Pusa Sawani.

Answer: (b) Pusa sem 2 – Shoot borers

Explanation:
1. Pusa Sem 2 is resistant to jassids, aphids and fruit borer, not to shoot borers; shoot and fruit borer is the Pusa Sawani trait.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biofortification breeds crops for higher protein, vitamins, minerals and healthier fats to reduce hidden hunger (Atlas 66 wheat, iron rich rice, vitamin A rich carrot, spinach, bitter gourd).
2. Tissue culture works on totipotency; micropropagation gives somaclones, and fusing protoplasts with PEG gives somatic hybrids such as pomato; single cell protein (SCP) such as Spirulina and Methylophilus is grown on waste.

Answer: (d) All the above

Explanation:
1. Hidden hunger arises from deficiency of proteins, vitamins and micronutrients.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plant breeding steps: collection of variability (germplasm), evaluation and selection of parents, cross hybridisation, selection of superior recombinants, and testing, release and commercialisation (tested for at least three growing seasons).
2. Genetic variability is the root of any breeding programme.

Answer: (d) Reduced skin pigmentation

Explanation:
1. Hidden hunger increases disease risk, reduces life span and mental ability; reduced skin pigmentation is not a listed consequence.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution needed high yielding semi-dwarf varieties (Jaya, Ratna, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona); disease resistance is bred by hybridisation and selection, or by mutation (mung bean, YMV resistance).
2. Resistant varieties: wheat Himgiri, Brassica Pusa Swarnim, cauliflower Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1, cowpea Pusa Komal, chilli Pusa Sadabahar, okra Pusa Sawani.

Answer: (c) Biofortification

Explanation:
1. Breeding crops for higher vitamins, minerals, proteins and healthier fats is biofortification.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biofortification breeds crops for higher protein, vitamins, minerals and healthier fats to reduce hidden hunger (Atlas 66 wheat, iron rich rice, vitamin A rich carrot, spinach, bitter gourd).
2. Tissue culture works on totipotency; micropropagation gives somaclones, and fusing protoplasts with PEG gives somatic hybrids such as pomato; single cell protein (SCP) such as Spirulina and Methylophilus is grown on waste.

Answer: (d) Carbohydrate content

Explanation:
1. Improved nutritional quality aims at protein, oil, vitamins and minerals, not carbohydrate content.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plant breeding steps: collection of variability (germplasm), evaluation and selection of parents, cross hybridisation, selection of superior recombinants, and testing, release and commercialisation (tested for at least three growing seasons).
2. Genetic variability is the root of any breeding programme.

Answer: (d) Both 1 and 2

Explanation:
1. Maize hybrids developed in 2000 had improved lysine and tryptophan.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution needed high yielding semi-dwarf varieties (Jaya, Ratna, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona); disease resistance is bred by hybridisation and selection, or by mutation (mung bean, YMV resistance).
2. Resistant varieties: wheat Himgiri, Brassica Pusa Swarnim, cauliflower Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1, cowpea Pusa Komal, chilli Pusa Sadabahar, okra Pusa Sawani.

Answer: (c) Atlas 66

Explanation:
1. Atlas 66 is a wheat variety with high protein content.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biofortification breeds crops for higher protein, vitamins, minerals and healthier fats to reduce hidden hunger (Atlas 66 wheat, iron rich rice, vitamin A rich carrot, spinach, bitter gourd).
2. Tissue culture works on totipotency; micropropagation gives somaclones, and fusing protoplasts with PEG gives somatic hybrids such as pomato; single cell protein (SCP) such as Spirulina and Methylophilus is grown on waste.

Answer: (a) Iron

Explanation:
1. The biofortified rice variety has five times more iron than usual.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plant breeding steps: collection of variability (germplasm), evaluation and selection of parents, cross hybridisation, selection of superior recombinants, and testing, release and commercialisation (tested for at least three growing seasons).
2. Genetic variability is the root of any breeding programme.

Answer: (a) A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(i)

Explanation:
1. Carrot is rich in vitamin A, bitter gourd in vitamin C, spinach in iron and calcium and Lablab in protein.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution needed high yielding semi-dwarf varieties (Jaya, Ratna, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona); disease resistance is bred by hybridisation and selection, or by mutation (mung bean, YMV resistance).
2. Resistant varieties: wheat Himgiri, Brassica Pusa Swarnim, cauliflower Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1, cowpea Pusa Komal, chilli Pusa Sadabahar, okra Pusa Sawani.

Answer: (d) All above

Explanation:
1. Waste water from potato processing plants, straw and sewage can all be used to grow single cell protein.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biofortification breeds crops for higher protein, vitamins, minerals and healthier fats to reduce hidden hunger (Atlas 66 wheat, iron rich rice, vitamin A rich carrot, spinach, bitter gourd).
2. Tissue culture works on totipotency; micropropagation gives somaclones, and fusing protoplasts with PEG gives somatic hybrids such as pomato; single cell protein (SCP) such as Spirulina and Methylophilus is grown on waste.

Answer: (d) Both 1 and 3

Explanation:
1. Fusion of two naked protoplasts is somatic hybridisation, also called parasexual hybridisation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plant breeding steps: collection of variability (germplasm), evaluation and selection of parents, cross hybridisation, selection of superior recombinants, and testing, release and commercialisation (tested for at least three growing seasons).
2. Genetic variability is the root of any breeding programme.