NEET Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production MCQs Set 07

Answer: (b) Genetic variability

Explanation:
1. Genetic variability is the root of any plant breeding programme.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plant breeding steps: collection of variability (germplasm), evaluation and selection of parents, cross hybridisation, selection of superior recombinants, and testing, release and commercialisation (tested for at least three growing seasons).
2. Genetic variability is the root of any breeding programme.

Answer: (c) 33%

Explanation:
1. Agriculture contributes about 33 per cent of India's GDP.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution needed high yielding semi-dwarf varieties (Jaya, Ratna, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona); disease resistance is bred by hybridisation and selection, or by mutation (mung bean, YMV resistance).
2. Resistant varieties: wheat Himgiri, Brassica Pusa Swarnim, cauliflower Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1, cowpea Pusa Komal, chilli Pusa Sadabahar, okra Pusa Sawani.

Answer: (c) North India

Explanation:
1. Saccharum barberi, with poor sugar content, was grown in North India.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plant breeding steps: collection of variability (germplasm), evaluation and selection of parents, cross hybridisation, selection of superior recombinants, and testing, release and commercialisation (tested for at least three growing seasons).
2. Genetic variability is the root of any breeding programme.

Answer: (a) Leaf and stripe rust

Explanation:
1. Himgiri wheat, developed by hybridisation and selection, resists leaf and stripe rust and hill bunt.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution needed high yielding semi-dwarf varieties (Jaya, Ratna, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona); disease resistance is bred by hybridisation and selection, or by mutation (mung bean, YMV resistance).
2. Resistant varieties: wheat Himgiri, Brassica Pusa Swarnim, cauliflower Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1, cowpea Pusa Komal, chilli Pusa Sadabahar, okra Pusa Sawani.

Answer: (d) Mutation

Explanation:
1. Resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew in mung bean was induced by mutation breeding.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plant breeding steps: collection of variability (germplasm), evaluation and selection of parents, cross hybridisation, selection of superior recombinants, and testing, release and commercialisation (tested for at least three growing seasons).
2. Genetic variability is the root of any breeding programme.

Answer: (c) Bhindi

Explanation:
1. Parbhani Kranti is a variety of bhindi (okra) resistant to yellow mosaic virus.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution needed high yielding semi-dwarf varieties (Jaya, Ratna, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona); disease resistance is bred by hybridisation and selection, or by mutation (mung bean, YMV resistance).
2. Resistant varieties: wheat Himgiri, Brassica Pusa Swarnim, cauliflower Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1, cowpea Pusa Komal, chilli Pusa Sadabahar, okra Pusa Sawani.

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. High aspartic acid, low nitrogen and low sugar content all give maize resistance to stem borers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biofortification breeds crops for higher protein, vitamins, minerals and healthier fats to reduce hidden hunger (Atlas 66 wheat, iron rich rice, vitamin A rich carrot, spinach, bitter gourd).
2. Tissue culture works on totipotency; micropropagation gives somaclones, and fusing protoplasts with PEG gives somatic hybrids such as pomato; single cell protein (SCP) such as Spirulina and Methylophilus is grown on waste.

Answer: (b) Micropropagation

Explanation:
1. Production of thousands of plants through tissue culture is micropropagation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution needed high yielding semi-dwarf varieties (Jaya, Ratna, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona); disease resistance is bred by hybridisation and selection, or by mutation (mung bean, YMV resistance).
2. Resistant varieties: wheat Himgiri, Brassica Pusa Swarnim, cauliflower Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1, cowpea Pusa Komal, chilli Pusa Sadabahar, okra Pusa Sawani.

Answer: (d) Pusa sawani

Explanation:
1. Pusa Sawani is the bhindi variety resistant to shoot and fruit borer.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biofortification breeds crops for higher protein, vitamins, minerals and healthier fats to reduce hidden hunger (Atlas 66 wheat, iron rich rice, vitamin A rich carrot, spinach, bitter gourd).
2. Tissue culture works on totipotency; micropropagation gives somaclones, and fusing protoplasts with PEG gives somatic hybrids such as pomato; single cell protein (SCP) such as Spirulina and Methylophilus is grown on waste.

Answer: (b) Somaclones

Explanation:
1. Plants produced by tissue culture are genetically identical somaclones.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plant breeding steps: collection of variability (germplasm), evaluation and selection of parents, cross hybridisation, selection of superior recombinants, and testing, release and commercialisation (tested for at least three growing seasons).
2. Genetic variability is the root of any breeding programme.

Answer: (b) Rice

Explanation:
1. India has the maximum genetic diversity of rice, with about 200000 varieties.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution needed high yielding semi-dwarf varieties (Jaya, Ratna, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona); disease resistance is bred by hybridisation and selection, or by mutation (mung bean, YMV resistance).
2. Resistant varieties: wheat Himgiri, Brassica Pusa Swarnim, cauliflower Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1, cowpea Pusa Komal, chilli Pusa Sadabahar, okra Pusa Sawani.

Answer: (a) Polyethyline glycole

Explanation:
1. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used to fuse protoplasts in somatic hybridisation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution needed high yielding semi-dwarf varieties (Jaya, Ratna, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona); disease resistance is bred by hybridisation and selection, or by mutation (mung bean, YMV resistance).
2. Resistant varieties: wheat Himgiri, Brassica Pusa Swarnim, cauliflower Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1, cowpea Pusa Komal, chilli Pusa Sadabahar, okra Pusa Sawani.

Answer: (a) Wheat

Explanation:
1. Sonalika is a semi-dwarf wheat variety.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biofortification breeds crops for higher protein, vitamins, minerals and healthier fats to reduce hidden hunger (Atlas 66 wheat, iron rich rice, vitamin A rich carrot, spinach, bitter gourd).
2. Tissue culture works on totipotency; micropropagation gives somaclones, and fusing protoplasts with PEG gives somatic hybrids such as pomato; single cell protein (SCP) such as Spirulina and Methylophilus is grown on waste.

Answer: (c) Mexico

Explanation:
1. The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) is in Mexico.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plant breeding steps: collection of variability (germplasm), evaluation and selection of parents, cross hybridisation, selection of superior recombinants, and testing, release and commercialisation (tested for at least three growing seasons).
2. Genetic variability is the root of any breeding programme.

Answer: (d) Biomining

Explanation:
1. Biomining is not a technique for increasing food production.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution needed high yielding semi-dwarf varieties (Jaya, Ratna, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona); disease resistance is bred by hybridisation and selection, or by mutation (mung bean, YMV resistance).
2. Resistant varieties: wheat Himgiri, Brassica Pusa Swarnim, cauliflower Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1, cowpea Pusa Komal, chilli Pusa Sadabahar, okra Pusa Sawani.

Answer: (d) Both 1 and 2

Explanation:
1. The green revolution depended on breeding high yielding and disease resistant varieties.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biofortification breeds crops for higher protein, vitamins, minerals and healthier fats to reduce hidden hunger (Atlas 66 wheat, iron rich rice, vitamin A rich carrot, spinach, bitter gourd).
2. Tissue culture works on totipotency; micropropagation gives somaclones, and fusing protoplasts with PEG gives somatic hybrids such as pomato; single cell protein (SCP) such as Spirulina and Methylophilus is grown on waste.

Answer: (b) Hybridisation of pure lines followed by artificial selection

Explanation:
1. Classical plant breeding involves hybridisation of pure lines followed by artificial selection.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution needed high yielding semi-dwarf varieties (Jaya, Ratna, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona); disease resistance is bred by hybridisation and selection, or by mutation (mung bean, YMV resistance).
2. Resistant varieties: wheat Himgiri, Brassica Pusa Swarnim, cauliflower Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1, cowpea Pusa Komal, chilli Pusa Sadabahar, okra Pusa Sawani.

Answer: (c) Cross hybridisation within a pure line

Explanation:
1. Crosses are made among selected parents, not 'within a pure line', so that is not a step of breeding.

Teacher's Note:
1. Biofortification breeds crops for higher protein, vitamins, minerals and healthier fats to reduce hidden hunger (Atlas 66 wheat, iron rich rice, vitamin A rich carrot, spinach, bitter gourd).
2. Tissue culture works on totipotency; micropropagation gives somaclones, and fusing protoplasts with PEG gives somatic hybrids such as pomato; single cell protein (SCP) such as Spirulina and Methylophilus is grown on waste.

Answer: (a) Genetic variability

Explanation:
1. Genetic variability is the root of any breeding programme.

Teacher's Note:
1. Plant breeding steps: collection of variability (germplasm), evaluation and selection of parents, cross hybridisation, selection of superior recombinants, and testing, release and commercialisation (tested for at least three growing seasons).
2. Genetic variability is the root of any breeding programme.

Answer: (b) Germplasm collection

Explanation:
1. The collection of all diverse alleles of genes in a crop is the germplasm collection.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green revolution needed high yielding semi-dwarf varieties (Jaya, Ratna, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona); disease resistance is bred by hybridisation and selection, or by mutation (mung bean, YMV resistance).
2. Resistant varieties: wheat Himgiri, Brassica Pusa Swarnim, cauliflower Pusa Shubhra and Pusa Snowball K-1, cowpea Pusa Komal, chilli Pusa Sadabahar, okra Pusa Sawani.