NEET Biology Plant Kingdom MCQs Set 13

Answer: (c) Kelps and diatoms

Explanation:
1. Kelps (brown algae) and diatoms both have chlorophyll a and c and fucoxanthin.
2. The other pairs differ in their pigments.

Teacher's Note:
1. Euglenoids resemble green algae.
2. Red algae have phycobilins.

Answer: (d) Cephaleuros

Explanation:
1. Cephaleuros is a green alga that grows as a parasite on tea and coffee leaves, causing red rust.
2. Laminaria, Fucus and Sargassum are free-living brown algae.

Teacher's Note:
1. Parasitic algae are rare.
2. Cephaleuros is Chlorophyta.

Answer: (a) Floridean starch

Explanation:
1. Red algae store floridean starch, which is like amylopectin and glycogen.
2. Mannitol is in brown algae and leucosin in diatoms.

Teacher's Note:
1. Brown algae store laminarin and mannitol.
2. Green algae store starch.

Answer: (c) Chlorophyll a and carotene

Explanation:
1. Every algal group contains chlorophyll a and carotenoids.
2. Chlorophyll b is only in green algae and euglenoids.

Teacher's Note:
1. Other pigments are group-specific.
2. Chlorophyll a is the main photosynthetic pigment.

Answer: (a) Red algae

Explanation:
1. Red algae have phycoerythrin, which absorbs blue-green light that penetrates deep water.
2. So they live at greater depths than other algae.

Teacher's Note:
1. Some grow up to 100 metres or more.
2. Green algae live in shallow water.

Answer: (d) Rhodophyta and Cyanophyta

Explanation:
1. Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin occur in red algae and blue-green algae.
2. The others do not have phycobilins.

Teacher's Note:
1. They are water-soluble accessory pigments.
2. Phycoerythrin is red and phycocyanin blue.

Answer: (a) Chara

Explanation:
1. In Chara the male organ is the globule and the female organ is the nucule.
2. They are among the most complex sex organs in algae.

Teacher's Note:
1. Globule is antheridium and nucule is oogonium.
2. Chara is a stonewort.

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Red algae and blue-green algae never form flagellated cells.
2. Angiosperms also have no motile flagellated gametes, so all three are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pollen tubes carry non-motile male gametes in angiosperms.
2. Gymnosperms like Cycas have motile sperms.

Answer: (d) Isogamy, anisogamy and oogamy

Explanation:
1. Green algae show all three types, from the isogamy of Ulothrix to the oogamy of Volvox and Chara.
2. So all three occur in the group.

Teacher's Note:
1. Spirogyra shows conjugation.
2. Chlamydomonas shows all three in different species.

Answer: (a) Gametophyte

Explanation:
1. In most algae the dominant plant body is the haploid gametophyte.
2. Meiosis occurs in the zygote or at spore formation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Thallophytes have no leafy body.
2. Diploid phase is short or absent in many.

Answer: (c) Red algae and blue-green algae

Explanation:
1. Red algae and blue-green algae do not form flagellated spores or gametes.
2. Green and brown algae both have motile spores or gametes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Red algae have non-motile spores.
2. Cyanobacteria divide by fission or form hormogonia.

Answer: (a) Zygotic meiosis

Explanation:
1. In many algae the zygote divides by meiosis soon after formation.
2. So it never develops into a multicellular embryo.

Teacher's Note:
1. Embryos develop in bryophytes and above.
2. Zygote becomes a resting spore in Spirogyra.

Answer: (d) Green algae

Explanation:
1. Volvox is a colonial green alga with chlorophyll a and b.
2. It is in Chlorophyceae.

Teacher's Note:
1. It forms spherical colonies.
2. It shows oogamy.

Answer: (c) Red algae and bacteria

Explanation:
1. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes like bacteria and share phycobilin pigments with red algae.
2. They are therefore closest to red algae and bacteria.

Teacher's Note:
1. Phycocyanin is shared with red algae.
2. They are prokaryotic.

Answer: (b) Thallophyta

Explanation:
1. Algae and fungi (thallophytes) have unprotected one-celled sex organs.
2. Other groups have a sterile jacket.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bryophytes have a jacket around sex organs.
2. This is a thallophyte character.

Answer: (c) Pigments

Explanation:
1. Fritsch classified algae mainly on the kind of photosynthetic pigments.
2. Stored food and flagella are secondary features.

Teacher's Note:
1. Green, brown and red algae are named for pigments.
2. Fritsch gave 11 classes.

Answer: (c) Floridean starch - stored food of brown algae

Explanation:
1. Floridean starch is the reserve food of red algae, not brown algae.
2. The other three pairs are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Brown algae store laminarin and mannitol.
2. Hormogonia are fragments of filaments.

Answer: (d) Red algae and BGA

Explanation:
1. Neither red algae nor blue-green algae make flagellated cells.
2. Brown and green algae do.

Teacher's Note:
1. Red algae spores are non-motile.
2. BGA lack flagella.

Answer: (c) Bryophyta

Explanation:
1. Bryophytes form an embryo after fertilisation but have no xylem or phloem.
2. Tracheophytes have vascular tissues.

Teacher's Note:
1. Embryophyta includes bryophytes.
2. Algae have no embryo.

Answer: (d) Their sporophyte is attached to the gametophyte

Explanation:
1. In bryophytes the sporophyte stays attached to and depends on the gametophyte.
2. In other groups the sporophyte is independent.

Teacher's Note:
1. The gametophyte is dominant.
2. Many groups produce spores.

Answer: (d) Liverworts and mosses

Explanation:
1. Bryophytes are the liverworts and the mosses.
2. Ferns and club mosses are pteridophytes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hepaticopsida and Bryopsida.
2. Anthocerotopsida are hornworts.

Answer: (a) Mosses

Explanation:
1. Only true mosses are bryophytes.
2. Club mosses and horsetails are pteridophytes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Names can mislead.
2. Lycopodium is a club moss.

Answer: (c) Bryopsida

Explanation:
1. Mosses (Bryopsida) have leafy gametophytes with multicellular branched rhizoids.
2. Their sporophyte has a foot, seta and capsule.

Teacher's Note:
1. Liverwort rhizoids are unicellular.
2. Psilopsida and Lycopsida are pteridophytes.

Answer: (a) Liverworts

Explanation:
1. In liverworts the spore grows directly into a thalloid gametophyte.
2. In mosses the spore first forms a filamentous protonema.

Teacher's Note:
1. Marchantia is a liverwort.
2. Protonema is a moss feature.

Answer: (a) Riccia

Explanation:
1. Riccia has the simplest sporophyte, which is just a capsule with no foot or seta.
2. Funaria has the most complex.

Teacher's Note:
1. Riccia sporophyte is spherical.
2. Evolution runs Riccia to Funaria.

Answer: (d) True roots and vascular tissue

Explanation:
1. Bryophytes have rhizoids, not true roots, and no xylem and phloem.
2. Embryo formation, fertilisation and motile sperm are present.

Teacher's Note:
1. They are non-vascular.
2. They are called amphibians of the plant kingdom.