NEET Biology Photosynthesis in Higher Plants MCQs Set 06

Biology Objective Questions and Answers: Photosynthesis In Higher Plants

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Oxygenic photosynthesis occurs in
(a) Oscillatoria
(b) Rhodospirillum
(c) Chlorobium
(d) Chromatium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Oscillatoria

Explanation:
1. Oscillatoria is a cyanobacterium and releases oxygen.
2. Rhodospirillum, Chlorobium and Chromatium are anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes with oxygenic photosynthesis.

Question 2: Cyclic photophosphorylation results in the formation of
(a) ATP and NADPH
(b) ATP, NADPH and O2
(c) ATP
(d) NADPH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) ATP

Explanation:
1. In the cyclic path the electron returns to PS I and only ATP is made.
2. NADPH and O2 need non-cyclic flow with water splitting.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cyclic flow occurs when NADP+ is scarce.

Question 3: PGA as the first CO2 fixation product was discovered in the photosynthesis of
(a) Bryophyte
(b) Gymnosperm
(c) Angiosperm
(d) Alga
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Alga

Explanation:
1. Calvin and Benson found 3-PGA in the green alga Chlorella.
2. It was later shown to occur in higher plants too.

Teacher's Note:
1. The discovery of 3-PGA used Chlorella and Scenedesmus.

Question 4: C4 plants are more efficient in photosynthesis than C3 plants due to
(a) Higher leaf area
(b) Presence of a larger number of chloroplasts in the leaf cells
(c) Presence of a thin cuticle
(d) Lower rate of photorespiration
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Lower rate of photorespiration

Explanation:
1. C4 plants concentrate CO2 around RuBisCO and so have very low photorespiration.
2. Leaf area, chloroplast number and cuticle thickness are not the cause.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lower photorespiration saves the fixed carbon.

Question 5: In the C4 pathway, atmospheric CO2 is taken up in the mesophyll cell by a reaction with phosphoenolpyruvate (step A) and a C4 acid is formed. The C4 acid moves to the bundle sheath cell, where it releases CO2 for the Calvin cycle and a C3 acid is formed (step B). The C3 acid returns to the mesophyll cell and is turned back into phosphoenolpyruvate (step C). Select the correct words for A, B and C.
(a) A: Fixation, B: Transamination, C: Regeneration
(b) A: Fixation, B: Decarboxylation, C: Regeneration
(c) A: Carboxylation, B: Decarboxylation, C: Reduction
(d) A: Decarboxylation, B: Reduction, C: Regeneration
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) A: Fixation, B: Decarboxylation, C: Regeneration

Explanation:
1. Joining of CO2 to PEP is carbon fixation (carboxylation).
2. Release of CO2 from the C4 acid is decarboxylation.
3. Conversion of the C3 acid back to PEP is regeneration of the CO2 acceptor.

Teacher's Note:
1. The C4 cycle has fixation in the mesophyll, decarboxylation in the bundle sheath and regeneration of PEP back in the mesophyll.
2. No reduction occurs in the C4 cycle itself; reduction is a Calvin cycle step.

Question 6: Read the following four statements and select the option having both correct statements. (A) The Z scheme of the light reaction takes place in PS I only. (B) Only PS I is functional in cyclic photophosphorylation. (C) Cyclic photophosphorylation results in synthesis of ATP and NADPH + H+. (D) Stroma lamellae lack PS II as well as NADP reductase.
(a) A and B
(b) B and C
(c) C and D
(d) B and D
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) B and D

Explanation:
1. Only PS I works in cyclic photophosphorylation, so B is correct.
2. Stroma lamellae have PS I but lack PS II and NADP reductase, so D is correct.
3. The Z scheme needs both photosystems and cyclic flow gives only ATP, so A and C are wrong.

Teacher's Note:
1. Stroma lamellae are only for cyclic photophosphorylation.

Question 7: CAM helps plants in
(a) Conserving water
(b) Secondary growth
(c) Disease resistance
(d) Reproduction
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Conserving water

Explanation:
1. CAM plants open their stomata at night and keep them closed in the day.
2. This reduces water loss in dry habitats.

Teacher's Note:
1. CAM stands for crassulacean acid metabolism.

Question 8: In Kranz anatomy, the bundle sheath cells have
(a) Thick walls, many intercellular spaces and few chloroplasts
(b) Thin walls, many intercellular spaces and no chloroplasts
(c) Thick walls, no intercellular spaces and a large number of chloroplasts
(d) Thin walls, no intercellular spaces and several chloroplasts
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Thick walls, no intercellular spaces and a large number of chloroplasts

Explanation:
1. Bundle sheath cells in C4 leaves have thick walls, tightly packed with no intercellular spaces.
2. They have many large chloroplasts for the Calvin cycle.

Teacher's Note:
1. Thick walls prevent loss of CO2 from the bundle sheath.

Question 9: A process that makes an important difference between C3 and C4 plants is
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Photorespiration
(c) Transpiration
(d) Glycolysis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Photorespiration

Explanation:
1. C3 plants carry out photorespiration while it is negligible in C4 plants.
2. The other processes occur in both.

Teacher's Note:
1. This difference is the reason for the higher efficiency of C4 plants.

Question 10: The correct sequence of cell organelles during photorespiration is
(a) Chloroplast, peroxisome, mitochondria
(b) Chloroplast, vacuole, peroxisome
(c) Chloroplast, Golgi bodies, mitochondria
(d) Chloroplast, rough endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Chloroplast, peroxisome, mitochondria

Explanation:
1. Phosphoglycolate made in the chloroplast is converted to glycolate and goes to the peroxisome.
2. There it becomes glycine, which goes to the mitochondria.

Teacher's Note:
1. Order: chloroplast, peroxisome, mitochondrion.

Question 11: Anoxygenic photosynthesis is characteristic of
(a) Rhodospirillum
(b) Spirogyra
(c) Chlamydomonas
(d) Ulva
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Rhodospirillum

Explanation:
1. Rhodospirillum is a purple non-sulphur bacterium which does not release oxygen.
2. Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas and Ulva are algae that release oxygen.

Teacher's Note:
1. Anoxygenic means no oxygen is given out.

Question 12: Chromatophores take part in
(a) Respiration
(b) Photosynthesis
(c) Growth
(d) Movement
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Photosynthesis

Explanation:
1. In photosynthetic bacteria the photosynthetic pigments are present in membrane vesicles called chromatophores.
2. They are the bacterial equivalents of thylakoids.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bacteria have no chloroplasts.

Question 13: In photosynthesis, the light-independent reactions take place at
(a) Stromal matrix
(b) Thylakoid lumen
(c) Photosystem I
(d) Photosystem II
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Stromal matrix

Explanation:
1. The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.
2. The other places belong to the light reaction.

Teacher's Note:
1. Stroma contains all the Calvin cycle enzymes.

Question 14: The Emerson enhancement effect and red drop have been instrumental in the discovery of
(a) Photophosphorylation and non-cyclic electron transport
(b) Two photosystems operating simultaneously
(c) Photophosphorylation and cyclic electron transport
(d) Oxidative phosphorylation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Two photosystems operating simultaneously

Explanation:
1. Red drop, a fall in efficiency beyond 680 nm, and the enhancement effect, a boost when shorter wavelengths are added, showed two photosystems working together.
2. The other options concern different phenomena.

Teacher's Note:
1. Two light reactions working in series are the basis of the Z scheme.

Question 15: In a chloroplast, the highest number of protons is found in the
(a) Stroma
(b) Lumen of thylakoids
(c) Intermembrane space
(d) Antenna complex
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Lumen of thylakoids

Explanation:
1. Photolysis of water and electron transport pump protons into the thylakoid lumen.
2. This builds up the proton gradient used by ATP synthase.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lumen is acidic and stroma is alkaline in the light.

Question 16: A plant in your garden avoids photorespiratory losses, has improved water use efficiency, shows high rates of photosynthesis at high temperatures and has improved efficiency of nitrogen utilisation. In which physiological group would you assign this plant?
(a) C3
(b) C4
(c) CAM
(d) Nitrogen fixer
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) C4

Explanation:
1. These are the typical features of C4 plants.
2. C3 plants show photorespiration and CAM plants have low rates of photosynthesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 plants are efficient in hot, dry and bright climates.

Question 17: The process that makes a major difference between C3 and C4 plants is
(a) Photorespiration
(b) Respiration
(c) Glycolysis
(d) Calvin cycle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Photorespiration

Explanation:
1. Photorespiration is significant in C3 plants and negligible in C4 plants.
2. Respiration, glycolysis and the Calvin cycle occur in both.

Teacher's Note:
1. This difference gives C4 plants a higher productivity.

Question 18: The primary acceptor of CO2 in C3 plants is
(a) RuBP
(b) PGA
(c) PEP
(d) Malic acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) RuBP

Explanation:
1. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate accepts CO2 in the Calvin cycle.
2. PEP is the acceptor in C4 plants.

Teacher's Note:
1. RuBP carboxylase is the enzyme.

Question 19: The Calvin cycle takes place in
(a) Only C3 plants
(b) Only C4 plants
(c) Both C3 and C4 plants
(d) Neither C3 nor C4 plants
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Both C3 and C4 plants

Explanation:
1. The Calvin cycle is the only route of sugar synthesis, so it operates in all photosynthetic plants.
2. In C4 plants it works in the bundle sheath cells.

Teacher's Note:
1. The C4 pathway adds a CO2 pump but still uses the Calvin cycle.

Question 20: The site of the Calvin cycle in C4 plants is the
(a) Parenchymatous cell
(b) Mesophyll cell
(c) Bundle sheath cell
(d) Grana
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Bundle sheath cell

Explanation:
1. The Calvin cycle runs in the bundle sheath cells of C4 leaves, where RuBisCO is present.
2. Mesophyll cells do the first fixation only.

Teacher's Note:
1. RuBisCO is absent from the mesophyll of C4 plants.

Question 21: Which statement is not correct with reference to factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis?
(a) Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration up to 0.05 percent can enhance the CO2 fixation rate
(b) C3 plants respond to higher temperatures with enhanced photosynthesis while C4 plants have a much lower temperature optimum
(c) Tomato is a greenhouse crop which can be grown in a CO2-enriched atmosphere for higher yield
(d) Light saturation for CO2 fixation occurs at 10 percent of full sunlight
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) C3 plants respond to higher temperatures with enhanced photosynthesis while C4 plants have a much lower temperature optimum

Explanation:
1. C4 plants respond to higher temperatures, and their optimum is higher than that of C3 plants, so the statement is reversed.
2. The other statements are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 optimum: 30 to 45 degrees C. C3 optimum: 20 to 25 degrees C.

Question 22: Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is the primary CO2 acceptor in
(a) C4 plants
(b) C2 plants
(c) C3 and C4 plants
(d) C3 plants
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) C4 plants

Explanation:
1. PEP is the acceptor of CO2 in the mesophyll cells of C4 plants.
2. C3 plants use RuBP.

Teacher's Note:
1. PEP is a three-carbon acceptor and gives a four-carbon product.

Question 23: Due to an increase in the concentration of CO2
(a) Photosynthesis increases
(b) Photosynthesis decreases
(c) Water absorption efficiency increases
(d) Water absorption efficiency decreases
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Photosynthesis increases

Explanation:
1. CO2 is limiting, so a rise in its concentration increases the rate of photosynthesis until saturation.
2. It does not directly alter water absorption.

Teacher's Note:
1. C3 plants respond more than C4 plants.

Question 24: Choose the correct statement about C4 plants.
(a) Mesophyll cells possess RuBisCO
(b) Neither mesophyll nor bundle sheath cells possess RuBisCO
(c) Mesophyll cells have PEPcase, which converts CO2 into OAA
(d) Bundle sheath cells synthesise OAA, a 4-carbon compound
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Mesophyll cells have PEPcase, which converts CO2 into OAA

Explanation:
1. PEPcase in the mesophyll cells adds CO2 to PEP to form OAA.
2. RuBisCO is only in the bundle sheath cells and OAA is made in the mesophyll.

Teacher's Note:
1. PEPcase is in mesophyll; RuBisCO is in bundle sheath.

Question 25: Why are C4 plants more efficient?
(a) They show photorespiration
(b) They have RuBisCO in mesophyll cells
(c) They can tolerate high temperature
(d) They have a mechanism for concentrating CO2 at the place of RuBisCO enzyme action
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) They have a mechanism for concentrating CO2 at the place of RuBisCO enzyme action

Explanation:
1. The C4 pathway pumps CO2 into the bundle sheath, so RuBisCO works as a carboxylase and photorespiration is suppressed.
2. Tolerance of high temperature is a result and not the cause.

Teacher's Note:
1. The CO2 concentrating mechanism is the key to their efficiency.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Photosynthesis In Higher Plants

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