NEET Biology Photosynthesis in Higher Plants MCQs Set 05

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Photosynthesis In Higher Plants

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: As compared with a C3 plant, how many additional molecules of ATP are needed for net production of one hexose sugar by a C4 plant?
(a) Two
(b) Six
(c) Zero
(d) Twelve
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Twelve

Explanation:
1. C3 needs 18 ATP and C4 needs 30 ATP per hexose.
2. The difference is 12 ATP.

Teacher's Note:
1. These extra ATP regenerate PEP from pyruvate in the mesophyll.

Question 2: The first stable product of photorespiration is
(a) PGAL
(b) Glycerate
(c) Glycine
(d) Phosphoglycolate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Phosphoglycolate

Explanation:
1. RuBisCO oxygenase adds oxygen to RuBP to give one PGA and one 2-carbon phosphoglycolate.
2. Glycolate and glycine appear later in the pathway.

Teacher's Note:
1. Phosphoglycolate is then converted to glycolate and moved to peroxisomes.

Question 3: Etiolated plants are formed due to lack of
(a) Light
(b) Hg
(c) Fe
(d) Mg
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Light

Explanation:
1. Plants grown in the dark are pale, tall and weak because they cannot make chlorophyll and show etiolation.
2. Light is needed for the last step in chlorophyll synthesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. Etiolation is a response of seedlings to darkness.

Question 4: Generally atmospheric CO2 is not limiting for hydrophytes because
(a) Mesophytes fix H2S in their photosynthesis
(b) These plants obtain CO2 from water in the form of HCO3−
(c) Glucose is not required for their respiration
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) These plants obtain CO2 from water in the form of HCO3−

Explanation:
1. Aquatic plants use bicarbonate dissolved in water as the source of carbon dioxide.
2. So they are not dependent on the CO2 level of air.

Teacher's Note:
1. Many aquatic plants can use HCO3− via carbonic anhydrase.

Question 5: Photorespiration is favoured by
(a) Low light intensity
(b) Low O2 and high CO2
(c) Low temperature
(d) High O2 and low CO2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) High O2 and low CO2

Explanation:
1. RuBisCO acts as an oxygenase when O2 is high and CO2 is low.
2. High temperature and high light also favour it.

Teacher's Note:
1. C3 plants lose up to 25 to 30 percent of fixed carbon this way.

Question 6: The C2 cycle is also called the
(a) Glycolate cycle
(b) Calvin cycle
(c) Krebs cycle
(d) TCA cycle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Glycolate cycle

Explanation:
1. Photorespiration is called the C2 cycle or glycolate cycle because the key intermediate is the two-carbon glycolate.
2. The Calvin cycle is the C3 cycle.

Teacher's Note:
1. The C2 cycle involves chloroplast, peroxisome and mitochondrion.

Question 7: The compensation point means the point at which
(a) The rate of photosynthesis equals the rate of respiration
(b) There is neither photosynthesis nor respiration
(c) The entire food manufactured in photosynthesis remains unutilised
(d) The availability of water equals the necessity of water
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) The rate of photosynthesis equals the rate of respiration

Explanation:
1. At the compensation point the CO2 fixed in photosynthesis equals the CO2 released in respiration.
2. The two processes still go on.

Teacher's Note:
1. It can be for light or for CO2.

Question 8: At the compensation point there will not be
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Net gaseous exchange between the plant and its environment
(c) Respiration in plants
(d) Loss in weight of the plant in the dark
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Net gaseous exchange between the plant and its environment

Explanation:
1. The CO2 released by respiration is used up in photosynthesis and the O2 released is used by respiration.
2. So there is no net gas exchange.

Teacher's Note:
1. Both processes continue at equal rates.

Question 9: What does not occur in photorespiration?
(a) Utilisation of O2
(b) Production of CO2
(c) Synthesis of ATP
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Synthesis of ATP

Explanation:
1. Photorespiration uses O2 and releases CO2 but does not make ATP or NADPH.
2. It actually uses ATP, so it is wasteful.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is why photorespiration is considered a wasteful process.

Question 10: DCMU is an inhibitor of
(a) PS-I
(b) PS-II
(c) Calvin cycle
(d) Krebs cycle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) PS-II

Explanation:
1. DCMU blocks electron flow from PS II to plastoquinone.
2. It is used as a herbicide.

Teacher's Note:
1. DCMU stops the non-cyclic electron flow.

Question 11: The main factor limiting the rate of photosynthesis on a clear day is
(a) Chlorophyll
(b) Light
(c) CO2
(d) Water
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) CO2

Explanation:
1. On a bright day light is plentiful, and CO2 at about 0.03 to 0.04 percent of the air is the limiting factor.
2. Chlorophyll and water are not usually limiting.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is why greenhouse crops are given extra CO2.

Question 12: Photosynthetic bacteria differ from green plants in
(a) The nature of their photosynthetic pigments
(b) The type of electron donors
(c) Photosynthesis being non-oxygenic
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Bacteria have bacteriochlorophyll, use H2S or organic compounds as electron donors and do not release oxygen.
2. So all the differences listed are valid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cyanobacteria are the exception: they are oxygenic like plants.

Question 13: Which of the following is wrong in relation to photorespiration?
(a) It occurs in chloroplasts
(b) It occurs in the daytime only
(c) It is a characteristic of C4 plants
(d) It is a characteristic of C3 plants
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) It is a characteristic of C4 plants

Explanation:
1. Photorespiration is characteristic of C3 plants, while C4 plants largely avoid it.
2. It needs light, so it occurs in daytime, and starts in the chloroplast.

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 plants have a CO2 pump that suppresses it.

Question 14: Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) represents the wavelength range
(a) 400 to 700 nm
(b) 500 to 600 nm
(c) 450 to 950 nm
(d) 340 to 450 nm
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 400 to 700 nm

Explanation:
1. PAR is visible light of 400 to 700 nm, which chlorophyll can use.
2. It is about 50 percent of the solar radiation.

Teacher's Note:
1. PAR corresponds to the visible spectrum.

Question 15: In C3 plants, the first stable product of photosynthesis during the dark reaction is
(a) Phosphoglyceraldehyde
(b) Malic acid
(c) Oxaloacetic acid
(d) 3-Phosphoglyceric acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 3-Phosphoglyceric acid

Explanation:
1. RuBisCO fixes CO2 onto RuBP, giving two molecules of 3-PGA as the first stable product.
2. Malic acid and OAA are C4 products.

Teacher's Note:
1. 3-PGA is a three-carbon acid, hence the name C3.

Question 16: Plants adapted to low light intensity have
(a) Leaves modified into spines
(b) A larger photosynthetic unit size than sun plants
(c) A higher rate of CO2 fixation than sun plants
(d) A more extended root system
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) A larger photosynthetic unit size than sun plants

Explanation:
1. Shade plants have larger photosynthetic units with more antenna pigment to trap weak light.
2. Their rate of CO2 fixation is lower.

Teacher's Note:
1. Shade plants saturate at lower light intensity.

Question 17: In chloroplasts, chlorophyll is present in the
(a) Stroma
(b) Outer membrane
(c) Inner membrane
(d) Thylakoids
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Thylakoids

Explanation:
1. Chlorophyll is embedded in the thylakoid membranes.
2. The stroma and envelope membranes contain no chlorophyll.

Teacher's Note:
1. Thylakoids are the sites of the light reaction.

Question 18: Which one of the following categories of organisms does not evolve oxygen during photosynthesis?
(a) Red algae
(b) Photosynthetic bacteria
(c) C4 plants with Kranz anatomy
(d) Blue-green algae
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Photosynthetic bacteria

Explanation:
1. Photosynthetic bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis and use PS I-like systems only.
2. Red algae, cyanobacteria and plants release oxygen.

Teacher's Note:
1. They use H2S rather than H2O as the donor.

Question 19: Which pair is wrong?
(a) C3 plant : maize
(b) Calvin cycle : PGA
(c) Hatch and Slack cycle : maize
(d) C4 plant : Kranz anatomy
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) C3 plant : maize

Explanation:
1. Maize is a C4 plant, so the pair 'C3 plant : maize' is wrong.
2. The other three pairs are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Maize, sugarcane and sorghum are C4 plants.

Question 20: In photosystem I, the first electron acceptor is
(a) Plastocyanin
(b) An iron-sulphur protein
(c) Ferredoxin
(d) Cytochrome
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) An iron-sulphur protein

Explanation:
1. The electron excited in P700 is first accepted by an iron-sulphur centre, which then passes it to ferredoxin.
2. Plastocyanin donates electrons to P700 and cytochromes act earlier in the chain.

Teacher's Note:
1. Order after P700: Fe-S protein, ferredoxin, NADP reductase, NADP+.

Question 21: During photorespiration, the oxygen-consuming reaction(s) occur in
(a) Grana of chloroplasts and peroxisomes
(b) Stroma of chloroplasts
(c) Stroma of chloroplasts and mitochondria
(d) Stroma of chloroplasts and peroxisomes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Stroma of chloroplasts and peroxisomes

Explanation:
1. RuBisCO oxygenase uses O2 in the stroma of the chloroplast.
2. Glycolate oxidase uses O2 in the peroxisome.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mitochondria release CO2 in the glycine to serine step.

Question 22: The first acceptor of electrons from an excited chlorophyll molecule of photosystem II is
(a) Quinone
(b) Cytochrome
(c) Iron-sulphur protein
(d) Ferredoxin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Quinone

Explanation:
1. The excited electron of PS II is first picked up by a quinone, then goes to plastoquinone and the cytochrome complex.
2. Iron-sulphur protein and ferredoxin belong to PS I.

Teacher's Note:
1. PS II: quinone. PS I: Fe-S protein.

Question 23: In the leaves of C4 plants, malic acid formation during CO2 fixation occurs in the cells of
(a) Epidermis
(b) Mesophyll
(c) Bundle sheath
(d) Phloem
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Mesophyll

Explanation:
1. OAA formed by PEPcase in the mesophyll cells is converted to malic acid there.
2. It then moves to bundle sheath cells.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mesophyll cells make the 4C acid.

Question 24: Which of the following is a feature of C4 plants that makes them more efficient than C3 plants?
(a) The CO2 efflux is not prevented
(b) They have more chloroplasts
(c) The CO2 compensation point is more
(d) CO2 generated during photorespiration is trapped and recycled through PEP carboxylase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) CO2 generated during photorespiration is trapped and recycled through PEP carboxylase

Explanation:
1. In C4 plants any CO2 released is refixed by PEPcase in the mesophyll cells.
2. This keeps the CO2 loss very small.

Teacher's Note:
1. Low compensation point is a sign of efficiency, not a high one.

Question 25: Electrons from the excited chlorophyll molecule of photosystem II are accepted first by
(a) Quinone
(b) Ferredoxin
(c) Cytochrome b
(d) Cytochrome f
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Quinone

Explanation:
1. A quinone acceptor takes the electron first.
2. Ferredoxin is in PS I and the cytochromes are later in the chain.

Teacher's Note:
1. Quinone then passes the electron to the cytochrome b6f complex.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology Photosynthesis In Higher Plants

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