NEET Biology Photosynthesis in Higher Plants MCQs Set 04

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEET Biology: Photosynthesis In Higher Plants

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Practice Photosynthesis In Higher Plants MCQs for NEET Biology

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The enzyme RuBisCO catalyses the carboxylation reaction between
(a) CO2 and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
(b) Oxaloacetic acid and acetyl CoA
(c) PGA and dihydroxyacetone phosphate
(d) Ribulose bisphosphate and phosphoglyceraldehyde
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) CO2 and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

Explanation:
1. RuBisCO fixes CO2 onto RuBP to give two molecules of 3-PGA.
2. The other pairs are not substrates of this enzyme.

Teacher's Note:
1. RuBisCO also has an oxygenase activity, which is the basis of photorespiration.

Question 2: Which of the following are C4 plants?
(a) Maize
(b) Atriplex
(c) Sugarcane
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Maize, Atriplex and sugarcane are all C4 plants.
2. They show Kranz anatomy and use PEP carboxylase for first fixation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Other C4 plants: sorghum, Amaranthus.

Question 3: C4 plants are adapted to
(a) Hot and dry climate
(b) Temperate climate
(c) Cold and dry climate
(d) Hot and humid climate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Hot and dry climate

Explanation:
1. C4 plants tolerate high temperature, high light and low water availability.
2. They minimise photorespiration under such conditions.

Teacher's Note:
1. Their optimum temperature is higher than that of C3 plants.

Question 4: C4 plants are found among
(a) Only grasses
(b) Only monocots
(c) Only dicots
(d) Monocots as well as dicots
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Monocots as well as dicots

Explanation:
1. C4 plants include monocots like maize and sugarcane and dicots like Amaranthus and Atriplex.
2. So they are not restricted to one group.

Teacher's Note:
1. About half of C4 species are grasses but many dicots also have this pathway.

Question 5: In the C4 pathway, the first step is
(a) CO2 combines with RuBP
(b) CO2 combines with PGA
(c) CO2 combines with PEP
(d) CO2 combines with RMP
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) CO2 combines with PEP

Explanation:
1. PEP (a 3-carbon compound) accepts CO2 in the mesophyll cell to form oxaloacetate.
2. RuBP is the acceptor in the Calvin cycle that follows.

Teacher's Note:
1. The first stable product in the C4 pathway is the four-carbon OAA.

Question 6: In the dark reaction, the first reaction is
(a) Carboxylation
(b) Decarboxylation
(c) Dehydrogenation
(d) Deamination
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Carboxylation

Explanation:
1. The Calvin cycle begins with carboxylation of RuBP by CO2.
2. Reduction and regeneration follow.

Teacher's Note:
1. Three phases: carboxylation, reduction, regeneration.

Question 7: The number of ATP molecules required for the regeneration phase of RuBP during the synthesis of one glucose molecule is
(a) 6
(b) 12
(c) 18
(d) 30
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 6

Explanation:
1. One ATP is used per CO2 to convert ribulose-5-phosphate to RuBP.
2. For six CO2 (one glucose) it is 6 ATP.

Teacher's Note:
1. Total for glucose is 18 ATP: 12 in reduction and 6 in regeneration.

Question 8: Isotopes employed to study the process of the photosynthesis reaction are
(a) S35 and P32
(b) C14 and O18
(c) N14 and Co60
(d) N14 and O18
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) C14 and O18

Explanation:
1. Carbon-14 traced the dark reaction and oxygen-18 traced the source of O2.
2. The other isotopes are not used for this purpose.

Teacher's Note:
1. Calvin used 14C and Ruben and Kamen used 18O.

Question 9: Chloroplasts are present in the bundle sheath cells of
(a) C3 plants
(b) C4 plants
(c) CAM plants
(d) Photorespiring plants
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) C4 plants

Explanation:
1. C4 plants have large chloroplasts in the bundle sheath cells, which carry out the Calvin cycle.
2. C3 plants usually lack chloroplasts in their bundle sheath.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is the Kranz feature.

Question 10: In C4 plants, CO2 is accepted by RuBP in
(a) Mesophyll cells
(b) Bundle sheath cells
(c) Stomatal guard cells
(d) Epidermal cells
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Bundle sheath cells

Explanation:
1. RuBP carboxylation by RuBisCO occurs in the bundle sheath cells after CO2 is released from the C4 acid.
2. Mesophyll cells use PEP as the acceptor.

Teacher's Note:
1. PEPcase in mesophyll, RuBisCO in bundle sheath.

Question 11: The bundle sheath chloroplasts of C4 plants are
(a) Large and agranal
(b) Large and granal
(c) Small and agranal
(d) Small and granal
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Large and agranal

Explanation:
1. They are large and have few or no grana, as PS II is largely absent there.
2. So they do not split water or evolve much oxygen.

Teacher's Note:
1. Agranal means lacking grana.

Question 12: Most efficient photosynthesis and presence of bundle sheath chloroplasts are characteristics of
(a) C3 plants
(b) C2 plants
(c) C4 plants
(d) CAM plants
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) C4 plants

Explanation:
1. C4 plants have the Kranz anatomy and very low photorespiration, so they photosynthesise efficiently.
2. C3 and CAM plants lack both features.

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 plants may produce about twice the biomass of C3 plants in hot, bright weather.

Question 13: In the C4 pathway, fixation of CO2 by PEPcase occurs in
(a) Palisade tissue
(b) Mesophyll
(c) Bundle sheath
(d) Guard cells
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Mesophyll

Explanation:
1. PEPcase is found in the mesophyll cells.
2. Bundle sheath cells have RuBisCO.

Teacher's Note:
1. The product OAA is converted to malate or aspartate.

Question 14: Synthesis of fructose in the C4 pathway occurs in the chloroplast of
(a) Spongy mesophyll
(b) Bundle sheath cells
(c) Guard cells
(d) Palisade tissue
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Bundle sheath cells

Explanation:
1. The Calvin cycle in the bundle sheath cells produces triose phosphates, which make hexose sugars.
2. Mesophyll cells make only the C4 acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sugar synthesis occurs where the Calvin cycle operates.

Question 15: In addition to 12 NADPH + H+, the energy required for the synthesis of one mole of hexose by the C3 and C4 pathways is, respectively
(a) 18 ATP
(b) 30 ATP
(c) 18 and 30 ATP
(d) 30 and 18 ATP
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 18 and 30 ATP

Explanation:
1. The C3 pathway needs 18 ATP per hexose, while the C4 pathway needs 30 ATP.
2. The extra 12 ATP is used to regenerate PEP (2 ATP per CO2, 6 CO2).

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 plants spend more ATP but save by preventing photorespiration.

Question 16: How many molecules of water are needed by a green plant to produce one molecule of hexose, that is, to reduce 6 CO2?
(a) 6
(b) 12
(c) 24
(d) Only one
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 12

Explanation:
1. The equation is 6CO2 + 12H2O gives C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2.
2. Twelve molecules of water are used (six are formed again).

Teacher's Note:
1. The released O2 comes from the 12 water molecules.

Question 17: How many Calvin cycles are needed to generate one molecule of glucose?
(a) One cycle
(b) Three cycles
(c) Six cycles
(d) Twelve cycles
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Six cycles

Explanation:
1. Each turn fixes one CO2, and glucose has six carbon atoms.
2. So six turns are needed.

Teacher's Note:
1. Each turn uses 3 ATP and 2 NADPH.

Question 18: CAM plants are mainly
(a) Succulent xerophytes
(b) Hydrophytes
(c) Epiphytes
(d) None of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Succulent xerophytes

Explanation:
1. CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) occurs in succulents such as Opuntia and Bryophyllum that live in dry places.
2. They open stomata at night to fix CO2 and conserve water.

Teacher's Note:
1. CAM plants fix CO2 at night as malic acid.

Question 19: The first stable products of the Calvin cycle and the HSK cycle (C4) are respectively
(a) 4C and 3C compounds
(b) 4C and 6C compounds
(c) 3C and 4C compounds
(d) 5C and 4C compounds
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 3C and 4C compounds

Explanation:
1. The Calvin cycle gives 3-PGA (3C) as the first stable product.
2. The Hatch and Slack cycle gives oxaloacetic acid (4C).

Teacher's Note:
1. This is why they are called C3 and C4 pathways.

Question 20: Which of the following was used in the discovery of the Calvin cycle?
(a) Spirogyra
(b) Volvox
(c) Chlamydomonas
(d) Chlorella
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Chlorella

Explanation:
1. Calvin used the unicellular green alga Chlorella with 14CO2.
2. The other algae were not used.

Teacher's Note:
1. Chlorella was grown in a flat glass vessel called a lollipop apparatus.

Question 21: In sugarcane, 14CO2 is fixed into malic acid. The enzyme that fixes CO2 is
(a) Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase
(b) Phosphoenolpyruvic acid carboxylase (PEPcase)
(c) Ribulose phosphate kinase
(d) Fructose phosphatase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Phosphoenolpyruvic acid carboxylase (PEPcase)

Explanation:
1. The first carboxylation in C4 plants is catalysed by PEPcase to form OAA, which becomes malate.
2. RuBisCO acts later in the bundle sheath.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sugarcane is a C4 plant.

Question 22: The rate of photosynthesis does not depend upon
(a) Light duration
(b) Light intensity
(c) Light quality (colour)
(d) Temperature
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Light duration

Explanation:
1. The rate depends on intensity, quality and temperature, and not on how long the light lasts.
2. Duration affects the total amount produced, not the rate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Rate is per unit time. Duration only decides the total yield.

Question 23: Which plants have a high CO2 compensation point?
(a) C2 plants
(b) C3 plants
(c) C4 plants
(d) Alpine herbs
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) C3 plants

Explanation:
1. C3 plants have a compensation point of 25 to 100 ppm because photorespiration loses CO2.
2. C4 plants have a very low one, under 10 ppm.

Teacher's Note:
1. Low compensation point means efficient CO2 use.

Question 24: Solarisation is a process in which
(a) Sugars are formed with the help of solar energy
(b) Chlorophyll is formed
(c) Chlorophyll is destroyed
(d) Light energy is mobilised
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Chlorophyll is destroyed

Explanation:
1. Excess light, together with oxygen, destroys chlorophyll by photooxidation.
2. It is therefore damaging to the plant.

Teacher's Note:
1. Carotenoids protect against it.

Question 25: Accumulation of food in assimilatory cells results in
(a) Increase in the rate of photosynthesis
(b) Decrease in the rate of photosynthesis
(c) No effect
(d) May increase or decrease
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Decrease in the rate of photosynthesis

Explanation:
1. Accumulation of products slows photosynthesis by feedback inhibition.
2. Removal of sugars from the cells keeps the rate high.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is why translocation of sugars affects photosynthesis.

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Photosynthesis In Higher Plants Objective Questions & Solutions for NEET Biology

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