NEET Biology Photosynthesis in Higher Plants MCQs Set 07

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: In a photosystem, a quantum of light (photon) is absorbed by many antenna pigment molecules, and the energy is passed to a special chlorophyll a pair that ejects an electron, which is received by a molecule called the primary acceptor. Let A be the primary acceptor, B the photon, C the reaction centre and D the pigment molecules of the light-harvesting complex. Which of the following correctly describes the roles?
(a) A: Photon, B: Reaction centre, C: Pigment molecules, D: Primary acceptor
(b) A: Pigment molecules, B: Primary acceptor, C: Photon, D: Reaction centre
(c) A: Primary acceptor, B: Photon, C: Reaction centre, D: Pigment molecules
(d) A: Reaction centre, B: Pigment molecules, C: Primary acceptor, D: Photon
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A: Primary acceptor, B: Photon, C: Reaction centre, D: Pigment molecules

Explanation:
1. The molecule that receives the ejected electron is the primary acceptor, so A is the primary acceptor.
2. The packet of light absorbed is the photon, so B is the photon.
3. The special chlorophyll that ejects the electron is the reaction centre, so C is the reaction centre.
4. The many antenna molecules are the pigment molecules, so D is the pigment molecules.

Teacher's Note:
1. A photosystem has the light-harvesting complex (antenna) and the reaction centre.
2. Energy moves from antenna molecules to the reaction centre by direct transfer between neighbouring molecules.

Question 2: Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) RuBisCO is present in the mesophyll cells of C4 plants
(b) RuBisCO is present in the mesophyll cells of C3 plants
(c) PEPcase is present in the bundle sheath cells of C4 plants
(d) Both RuBisCO and PEPcase are present in the mesophyll cells of C4 plants
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) RuBisCO is present in the mesophyll cells of C3 plants

Explanation:
1. C3 plants have RuBisCO in the mesophyll cells, where the Calvin cycle takes place.
2. In C4 plants RuBisCO is in the bundle sheath and PEPcase is in the mesophyll.

Teacher's Note:
1. Locate the enzyme by the type of plant.

Question 3: Which of the following is not a product of the light reaction of photosynthesis?
(a) ATP
(b) NADH
(c) NADPH
(d) Oxygen
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) NADH

Explanation:
1. The light reaction makes ATP, NADPH and O2.
2. NADH is a product of respiration, not photosynthesis.

Teacher's Note:
1. NADP is the coenzyme of photosynthesis.

Question 4: Oxygen is not produced during photosynthesis by
(a) Green sulphur bacteria
(b) Nostoc
(c) Cycas
(d) Chara
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Green sulphur bacteria

Explanation:
1. Green sulphur bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis using H2S.
2. Nostoc, Cycas and Chara release oxygen.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cyanobacteria like Nostoc are oxygenic.

Question 5: The saturation concentration of CO2 for C4 plants is about (ppm)
(a) 400
(b) 280
(c) 360
(d) 460
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 360

Explanation:
1. C4 plants saturate at about 360 microlitre per litre of CO2.
2. C3 plants continue to respond up to about 450.

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 saturate at lower CO2 since they already concentrate it.

Question 6: The saturation point of CO2 for C3 plants is about (ppm)
(a) 550
(b) 450
(c) 360
(d) 260
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 450

Explanation:
1. C3 plants respond to CO2 increases up to about 450 microlitre per litre.
2. Beyond this the rate no longer rises.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is why C3 greenhouse crops benefit from CO2 enrichment.

Question 7: Who showed that only the green parts of plants could release oxygen?
(a) Priestley
(b) Moll
(c) Ingenhousz
(d) Julius von Sachs
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Ingenhousz

Explanation:
1. Jan Ingenhousz showed that sunlight is essential and that only the green parts of the plant release oxygen.
2. Priestley showed only that plants restore air.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ingenhousz also found that the process needs light.

Question 8: In the Calvin cycle, which step involves the use of 2 ATP and 2 NADPH per CO2 molecule fixed?
(a) Regeneration
(b) Carboxylation
(c) Reduction
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Reduction

Explanation:
1. In the reduction step, 3-PGA is phosphorylated by ATP and then reduced by NADPH, so 2 ATP and 2 NADPH are used per CO2.
2. Carboxylation uses neither and regeneration uses only 1 ATP.

Teacher's Note:
1. Reduction = 2 ATP + 2 NADPH; regeneration = 1 ATP.

Question 9: Which characters make C4 plants special?
(a) Special type of leaf anatomy
(b) They can tolerate high temperatures
(c) They show a response to high light intensities
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. C4 plants have Kranz anatomy, tolerate high temperatures and respond to high light.
2. All the three features are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. They also lack photorespiration and have high productivity.

Question 10: The most abundant enzyme in the world is
(a) Collagen
(b) RuBisCO
(c) PEPcase
(d) Pyruvate dikinase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) RuBisCO

Explanation:
1. RuBisCO is present in all photosynthetic tissue in large amounts.
2. Collagen is a structural protein and not an enzyme.

Teacher's Note:
1. RuBisCO is also the most abundant protein on earth.

Question 11: For every CO2 molecule entering the Calvin cycle, the energy required is
(a) 3 ATP and 2 NADPH
(b) 2 ATP and 3 NADPH
(c) 3 ATP and 3 NADPH
(d) 2 ATP and 2 NADPH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 3 ATP and 2 NADPH

Explanation:
1. Two ATP and two NADPH are used in reduction.
2. One more ATP is used in regeneration of RuBP, giving 3 ATP and 2 NADPH.

Teacher's Note:
1. For six CO2 it is 18 ATP and 12 NADPH.

Question 12: In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells are characterised by
(a) A large number of chloroplasts
(b) Thick walls impervious to gaseous exchange
(c) No intercellular spaces
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of the above

Explanation:
1. Bundle sheath cells have many chloroplasts, thick impervious walls and no intercellular spaces.
2. These features help to hold CO2 around RuBisCO.

Teacher's Note:
1. These features are part of Kranz anatomy.

Question 13: Which enzyme is absent in the mesophyll cells of C4 plants?
(a) RuBisCO
(b) PEPcase
(c) Both RuBisCO and PEPcase
(d) None of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) RuBisCO

Explanation:
1. The mesophyll cells of C4 plants have PEPcase but no RuBisCO.
2. RuBisCO is confined to bundle sheath cells.

Teacher's Note:
1. This separates the two carboxylations in space.

Question 14: In C4 plants, photorespiration does not occur due to
(a) Presence of the RuBisCO enzyme
(b) Presence of high light intensity
(c) Increased concentration of CO2 at the RuBisCO site
(d) Presence of bundle sheath cells
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Increased concentration of CO2 at the RuBisCO site

Explanation:
1. The C4 cycle raises the CO2 level at the RuBisCO site, so RuBisCO works as a carboxylase.
2. The presence of the enzyme or of high light alone does not stop oxygenation.

Teacher's Note:
1. High CO2 to O2 ratio blocks oxygenase activity.

Question 15: In photosynthesis, during ATP formation the accumulation of protons occurs
(a) In the lumen of the thylakoid
(b) In the stroma of the chloroplast
(c) In the stroma lamellae
(d) At the outer surface of the thylakoid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) In the lumen of the thylakoid

Explanation:
1. Protons from photolysis of water and from plastoquinone transport accumulate in the lumen.
2. They then flow out through ATP synthase.

Teacher's Note:
1. The chemiosmotic gradient is across the thylakoid membrane.

Question 16: By using the bell jar, which of the following showed that sunlight is essential for the plant process that purifies the air?
(a) Joseph Priestley
(b) Julius von Sachs
(c) T. W. Engelmann
(d) Jan Ingenhousz
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Jan Ingenhousz

Explanation:
1. Ingenhousz repeated Priestley's experiment in light and in dark and showed that sunlight is necessary.
2. Priestley did not use darkness to compare.

Teacher's Note:
1. Priestley: plants restore air. Ingenhousz: needs sunlight and green parts.

Question 17: The radioisotope technique was used to prove some facts about
(a) Light reaction of photosynthesis
(b) Biosynthetic phase of photosynthesis
(c) Both the light reaction and the biosynthetic phase
(d) Different shapes of chloroplasts
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Both the light reaction and the biosynthetic phase

Explanation:
1. O18 was used to show the source of O2 in the light reaction, and C14 to trace the biosynthetic phase.
2. So both are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Radioactive tracers are important in plant physiology.

Question 18: For the synthesis of one molecule of sucrose, how many ATP molecules are required in the reduction step of the Calvin cycle?
(a) 24 ATP
(b) 18 ATP
(c) 2 ATP
(d) 12 ATP
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 24 ATP

Explanation:
1. Sucrose has 12 carbon atoms, so 12 CO2 must be fixed.
2. Reduction uses 2 ATP per CO2, so 12 times 2 = 24 ATP.

Teacher's Note:
1. Remember, per CO2: 2 ATP in reduction.

Question 19: Plants with the Hatch and Slack pathway are adapted to
(a) Humid temperate regions
(b) Dry temperate regions
(c) Humid tropical regions
(d) Dry tropical regions
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Dry tropical regions

Explanation:
1. C4 plants tolerate high temperature, high light and water shortage, which are typical of dry tropical regions.
2. They are less suited to cool or humid regions.

Teacher's Note:
1. Examples: maize, sorghum and sugarcane.

Question 20: C3 plants have been used as greenhouse crops for higher yields because
(a) These plants show CO2 saturation at about 360 microlitre per litre
(b) Current availability of CO2 is limiting for C3 plants
(c) These plants are photosynthetically more efficient than C4 plants
(d) C3 plants lose less water compared to C4 plants
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Current availability of CO2 is limiting for C3 plants

Explanation:
1. Atmospheric CO2 is below the saturation point of C3 plants, so extra CO2 raises yield.
2. C3 plants saturate at about 450 ppm, not 360.

Teacher's Note:
1. Tomato and bell pepper are grown with CO2 enrichment.

Question 21: The term dark reaction for the biosynthetic phase of photosynthesis is a misnomer because
(a) Dark reaction occurs during dark
(b) Dark reaction occurs during the day
(c) Dark reaction is completely free from light
(d) Dark reaction occurs during short dark intervals
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Dark reaction occurs during the day

Explanation:
1. The biosynthetic phase depends on the products of the light reaction and so goes on in the day.
2. It is not light-driven directly, but is not 'in the dark' either.

Teacher's Note:
1. Better to call it the biosynthetic or carbon fixation phase.

Question 22: A photosynthetic photosystem consists of
(a) Reaction centre only
(b) LHC only
(c) Both LHC and the reaction centre
(d) LHC, reaction centre and ETC
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Both LHC and the reaction centre

Explanation:
1. Each photosystem has a light-harvesting complex (antenna) and a reaction centre.
2. The electron transport chain is separate from the photosystem.

Teacher's Note:
1. LHC collects light and the reaction centre uses it.

Question 23: Which of the following is not needed for photophosphorylation?
(a) Photon
(b) Proton pump (Co-Q)
(c) Membrane
(d) Proton gradient
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Proton pump (Co-Q)

Explanation:
1. Photophosphorylation needs light, a thylakoid membrane and a proton gradient.
2. Co-Q (ubiquinone) belongs to the mitochondrial chain, and chloroplasts use plastoquinone.

Teacher's Note:
1. Chloroplast chain: plastoquinone and plastocyanin.

Question 24: At higher light intensities, the rate of photosynthesis gradually
(a) Further increases
(b) Further decreases
(c) Does not show any further increase
(d) First decreases then increases
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Does not show any further increase

Explanation:
1. At high light intensity another factor, such as CO2, becomes limiting.
2. So the rate levels off and does not rise.

Teacher's Note:
1. Light saturation occurs at about 10 percent of full sunlight.

Question 25: An elegant experiment with an aquatic plant showed that in bright sunlight small bubbles were formed around the green parts, while in the dark they did not. It was done by
(a) Jan Ingenhousz
(b) Van Sachs
(c) Priestley
(d) Van Niel
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Jan Ingenhousz

Explanation:
1. Ingenhousz used Hydrilla in water and showed oxygen bubbles on the green parts in sunlight.
2. The bubbles did not appear in the dark.

Teacher's Note:
1. The bubble experiment shows both the need for light and release of oxygen.

Question 26:
Assertion (A): In C3 plants an increase in CO2 concentration will increase their productivity.
Reason (R): In C3 plants the CO2 saturation point is about 450 ppm.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Atmospheric CO2 is below 450 ppm, so adding CO2 gives a higher rate in C3 plants.
2. The saturation point tells us how far the rise will help, so R explains A.

Teacher's Note:
1. C4 plants saturate at about 360 ppm.

Question 27:
Assertion (A): Water stress primarily shows an indirect effect on photosynthesis.
Reason (R): Water stress leads to closure of stomata and prevents gaseous exchange.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Only a tiny fraction of water is used directly in photosynthesis.
2. Water stress affects it by closing stomata and cutting CO2 supply, so R explains A.

Teacher's Note:
1. Stomatal closure also lowers transpiration.

Question 28:
Assertion (A): Water stress indirectly leads to a decrease in photosynthesis.
Reason (R): Water stress leads to wilting of leaves, which minimises their surface area.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Wilting reduces the leaf surface exposed and the CO2 intake, and so lowers photosynthesis.
2. So R explains A.

Teacher's Note:
1. Wilting also reduces light interception.

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Photosynthesis In Higher Plants Objective Questions & Solutions for NEET Biology

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