NCERT Class 4 Mathematics Maths Mela Chapter 14 Data Handling PDF Download

Chapter 14: Data Handling

Look at the questions asked by Rohan and Anjali.

Tick the question that is the most appropriate for finding the 'most liked subject'? Why do you think so? Discuss with your friends and teacher.

Rohan: Which subjects do you like?

Options:

• Mathematics, Languages, Arts
• Physical Education, Mathematics, The World Around Us
• Arts, Languages
• Languages, The World Around Us
• Physical Education, Mathematics, The World Around Us

Anjali and Rohan recorded the children's answers (responses) to the above question as follows:

They wrote M for Mathematics, L for Languages, T for The World Around Us, A for Arts and P.E. for Physical Education.

T, A, P.E., A, M, P.E., L, L, P.E., A, T, M, A, P.E., P.E., T, P.E., M, L, P.E., P.E., A, M, A, L, P.E., M, T, A, T, M, M, P.E., A, L, M, L, P.E., A, T, L, M, M, T, L

Look at the children's responses above and answer the following questions:

• The number of children who like Mathematics the most is ________.
• The number of children who like Language the most is ________.
• The number of children who like The World Around Us the most is ________.
• The number of children who like Physical Education the most is ________.
• The number of children who like Arts the most is ________.

There are the following two ways to display the information.

1. Raw data list:

T, A, P.E., A, M, P.E., L, L, P.E., A, T, M, A, P.E., P.E., T, P.E., M, L, P.E., P.E., A, M, A, L, P.E., M, T, A, T, M, M, P.E., A, L, M, L, P.E., A, T, L, M, M, T, L

2. Table format:

Let's fill the above information in this table.

Now look at the above table and answer the following questions:

• What is the most common favourite subject among the children? ________________
• What is the least common favourite subject among the children? ________________

Which way of displaying information is easier to understand and why? __________

Note for Teachers:

Discuss how a question needs to be framed and what words should be used.

Teacher's Note

When collecting data about preferences, the question must be clear and specific. Compare "Which subjects do you like?" (which lets children pick multiple options and doesn't help you find a single most-liked subject) with "Which subject do you like the most?" (which gets exactly one answer per child). The wording matters - always use "the most" when you want to rank or compare.

Colourful Golas

During school lunch break children rush to eat gola of their favourite colour.

Rohan and Anjali record the golas eaten by different children. They want to eat the one that is most eaten by others.

They both start recording the golas eaten by the children.

[Figure: Rohan and Anjali's tally recordings of red, blue, orange and yellow golas eaten by children, See in your textbook]

Look at the information given above. Colour the line drawing of the golas appropriately.

1. Which colour ice gola do the children eat: a) the most b) the least How do you know?
2. Which colour gola would Anjali and Rohan have bought?
3. Which colour golas did boys eat the most?
4. Which colour golas did girls eat the most?
5. Which of the ways of representing data did you use to answer these questions and why?

Teacher's Note

Tally marks and tables both work, but a table is faster to read when you need to compare. If Rohan drew tally marks and Anjali made a table, the table would show the totals at a glance. When answering "which colour gola was most eaten?", count the tally marks or read the table to find the largest number, then look back at which colour that belongs to. The number tells you the ranking; the colour tells you the answer.

Activity - Chess or Cricket

Find out from your classmates how many of them play only chess, only cricket, both or neither.

Answer these questions based on the data collected from your grade.

1. Who plays Chess the most? _______ (Boys/Girls)
2. Who plays Cricket the most? _______ (Boys/Girls)
3. How many children play both types of games? _______

Key Points

• A good question for collecting data must be clear and specific. To find the most-liked subject, ask "Which subject do you like the most?" instead of "Which subjects do you like?"
• Raw data (a list of responses) is hard to read and compare. Organizing data into a table or using tally marks makes it much easier to count and understand.
• To find the most or least common choice, count how many times each option appears and compare the numbers. The largest number is the most common; the smallest is the least common.

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