Read and download NCERT Class 12 Biology Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants in NCERT book for Class 12 Biology. You can download latest NCERT eBooks chapter wise in PDF format free from Studiestoday.com. This Biology textbook for Class 12 is designed by NCERT and is very useful for students. Please also refer to the NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology to understand the answers of the exercise questions given at the end of this chapter
NCERT Book for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants
Class 12 Biology students should refer to the following NCERT Book Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants in Class 12. This NCERT Book for Class 12 Biology will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks
Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants NCERT Book Class 12
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS
Are we not lucky that plants reproduce sexually? The myriads of flowers that we enjoy gazing at, the scents and the perfumes that we swoon over, the rich colours that attract us, are all there as an aid to sexual reproduction. Flowers do not exist only for us to be used for our own selfishness. All flowering plants show sexual reproduction. A look at the diversity of structures of the inflorescences, flowers and floral parts, shows an amazing range of adaptations to ensure formation of the end products of sexual reproduction, the fruits and seeds. In this chapter, let us understand the morphology, structure and the processes of sexual reproduction in flowering plants (angiosperms).
2.1 FLOWER – A FASCINATING ORGAN OF ANGIOSPERMS
Human beings have had an intimate relationship with flowers since time immemorial. Flowers are objects of aesthetic, ornamental, social, religious and cultural value – they have always been used as symbols for conveying important human feelings such as love, affection, happiness, grief, mourning, etc. List at least five flowers of ornamental value that are commonly cultivated at homes and in gardens. Find out the names of five more flowers that areused in social and cultural celebrations in your family. Have you heard of floriculture – what does it refer to?
To a biologist, flowers are morphological and embryological marvels and the sites of sexual reproduction. In class XI, you have read the various parts of a flower. Figure 2.1 will help you recall the parts of a typical flower. Can you name the two parts in a flower in which the two most important units of sexual reproduction develop?
2.2 PRE-FERTILISATION: STRUCTURES AND EVENTS
Much before the actual flower is seen on a plant, the decision that the plant is going to flower has taken place. Several hormonal and structural changes are initiated which lead to the differentiation and further development of the floral primordium. Inflorescences are formed which bear the floral buds and then the flowers. In the flower the male and female reproductive structures, the androecium and the gynoecium differentiate and develop. You would recollect that the androecium consists of a whorl of stamens representing the male reproductive organ and the gynoecium represents the female reproductive organ.
EXERCISES
1. Name the parts of an angiosperm flower in which development of male and female gametophyte take place.
2. Differentiate between microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. Which type of cell division occurs during these events? Name the structures formed at the end of these two events.
3. Arrange the following terms in the correct developmental sequence: Pollen grain, sporogenous tissue, microspore tetrad, pollen mother cell, male gametes.
4. With a neat, labelled diagram, describe the parts of a typical angiosperm ovule.
5. What is meant by monosporic development of female gametophyte?
6. With a neat diagram explain the 7-celled, 8-nucleate nature of the female gametophyte. the egg apparatus consisting of two synergids and an egg cell. At the chalazal end are three antipodals. At the centre is a large central cell with two polar nuclei.
7. What are chasmogamous flowers? Can cross-pollination occur in cleistogamous flowers? Give reasons for your answer.
8. Mention two strategies evolved to prevent self-pollination in flowers.
9. What is self-incompatibility? Why does self-pollination not lead to seed formation in self-incompatible species?
10. What is bagging technique? How is it useful in a plant breeding programme?
11. What is triple fusion? Where and how does it take place? Name the nuclei involved in triple fusion.
12. Why do you think the zygote is dormant for sometime in a fertilised ovule?
13. Differentiate between:
(a) hypocotyl and epicotyl;
(b) coleoptile and coleorrhiza;
(c) integument and testa;
(d) perisperm and pericarp.
14. Why is apple called a false fruit? Which part(s) of the flower forms the fruit?
15. What is meant by emasculation? When and why does a plant breeder employ this technique?
16. If one can induce parthenocarpy through the application of growth substances, which fruits would you select to induce parthenocarpy and why?
17. Explain the role of tapetum in the formation pollen-grain wall.
18. What is apomixis and what is its importance?
Please refer to attached file for NCERT Class 12 Biology Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
NCERT Class 12 Biology Reproduction in Organisms |
NCERT Class 12 Biology Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants |
NCERT Class 12 Biology Human Reproduction |
NCERT Class 12 Biology Reproductive Health |
NCERT Class 12 Biology Principles of Inheritance |
NCERT Class 12 Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance |
NCERT Class 12 Biology Evolution |
NCERT Class 12 Biology Human Health and Disease |
NCERT Class 12 Biology Strategies For Enhancement in Food Reproduction |
NCERT Class 12 Biology Microbes In Human Welfare |
NCERT Class 12 Biology Biotechnology Principles and Processes |
NCERT Class 12 Biology Biotechnology and Its Applications |
NCERT Class 12 Biology Organisms and Populations |
NCERT Class 12 Biology Ecosystem |
NCERT Class 12 Biology Biodiversity and Conservation |
NCERT Class 12 Biology Environmental Issues |
Biology NCERT Book Class 12 Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants
The above NCERT Books for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants have been published by NCERT for latest academic session. The textbook by NCERT for Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants Biology Class 12 is being used by various schools and almost all education boards in India. Teachers have always recommended students to refer to Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants NCERT etextbooks as the exams for Class 12 Biology are always asked as per the syllabus defined in these ebooks. These Class 12 Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants book for Biology also includes collection of question. We have also provided NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology which have been developed by teachers of StudiesToday.com after thorough review of the latest book and based on pattern of questions in upcoming exams for Class 12 students.
NCERT Book Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants
The latest NCERT book for Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants pdf have been published by NCERT based on the latest research done for each topic which has to be taught to students in all classes. The books for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants are designed to enhance the overall understanding of students. All Class 12 NCERT textbooks have been written in an easy to understand language which will help to enhance the overall level of Class 12 students.
Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants NCERT Book Class 12 Biology
As the students of Class 12 need the books for their regular studies, we have provided all NCERT book for Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants in pdf here for free download. All pdf NCERT books available here for Class 12 will help them to read on their mobile or computers. They can take a print of the Class 12 Biology NCERT Book Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants pdf easily and use them for studies. The NCERT textbooks for Class 12 Biology have been provided chapter-wise and can be downloaded for free of cost.
Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants NCERT Book
Along with Biology Class 12 NCERT Book in Pdf for Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants we have provided all NCERT Books in English Medium for Class 12 which will be really helpful for students who have opted for english language as a medium. Class 12 students will need their books in English so we have provided them here for all subjects in Class 12.
Class 12 Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants NCERT Book Biology
For Class 12 Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants we have provided books for students who have opted for Hindi and Urdu medium too. You can click on the links provided above to download all Hindi medium Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants book in easy to read pdf format. These books will help Class 12 Biology students to understand all topics and also strictly follow latest syllabus for their studies. If you are looking to download the pdf version of Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants textbook issued by NCERT then you have come to the correct website
You can download the NCERT Book for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants for latest session from StudiesToday.com
Yes, you can click on the link above and download chapter wise NCERT Books in PDFs for Class 12 for Biology Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants
Yes, the NCERT Book issued for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants have been made available here for latest academic session
You can easily access the link above and download the Class 12 NCERT Books Biology Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants for each chapter
There is no charge for the NCERT Book for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants you can download everything free
Regular revision of NCERT Books given on studiestoday for Class 12 subject Biology Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants can help you to score better marks in exams