NCERT Book Class 11 Geography World Climate and Climate Change

Geography
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Class 11 Geography Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 11 World Climate and Climate Change: NCERT Study Material

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The world climate can be studied by organising information and data on climate and synthesising them in smaller units for easy understanding, description and analysis. Three broad approaches have been adopted for classifying climate. They are empirical, genetic and applied. Empirical classification is based on observed data, particularly on temperature and precipitation. Genetic classification attempts to organise climates according to their causes. Applied classification is for specific purpose.
 
 
KOEPPEN’S SCHEME OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLIMATE

The most widely used classification of climate is the empirical climate classification scheme developed by V. Koeppen. Koeppen identified a close relationship between the distribution of vegetation and climate. He selected certain values of temperature and precipitation and related them to the distribution of vegetation and used these values for classifying the climates. It is an empirical classification based on mean annual and mean monthly temperature and precipitation data. He introduced the use of capital and small letters to designate climatic groups and types. Although developed in 1918 and modified over a period of time, Koeppen’s scheme is still popular and in use.
Koeppen recognised five major climatic groups, four of them are based on temperature and one on precipitation. Table 12.1 lists the climatic groups and their characteristics according to Koeppen. The capital letters : A,C, D and E delineate humid climates and B dry climates.
The climatic groups are subdivided into types, designated by small letters, based on seasonality of precipitation and temperature characteristics. The seasons of dryness are indicated by the small letters : f, m, w and s, where f corresponds to no dry season,
 
NCERT Class 11 Geography World Climate and Climate Change
 
 
m - monsoon climate, w- winter dry season and s - summer dry season. The small letters a, b, c and d refer to the degree of severity of temperature. The B- Dry Climates are subdivided using the capital letters S for steppe or semi-arid and W for deserts. The climatic types are listed in Table 12.2. The distribution of climatic groups and types is shown in Table 12.1.
 
 
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Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 11 World Climate and Climate Change Digital Textbook & Resources for Class 11 Geography

NCERT Book Class 11 Geography Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 11 World Climate and Climate Change

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NCERT books are the main source for NCERT exams. By reading NCERT Book Class 11 Geography World Climate and Climate Change line-by-line and practicing its questions, students build strong understanding to get full marks in Geography.