NCERT Class 10 Economics Contemporary India Agriculture

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NCERT Book for Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India II Chapter 4 Agriculture

Class 10 Social Science students should refer to the following NCERT Book Contemporary India II Chapter 4 Agriculture in Class 10. This NCERT Book for Class 10 Social Science will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Contemporary India II Chapter 4 Agriculture NCERT Book Class 10


India is an agriculturally important country.
Two-thirds of its population is engaged in agricultural activities. Agriculture is a primary activity, which produces most of the food that we consume. Besides food grains, it also produces raw material for various industries.

Can you name some industries based on agricultural raw material?
 
Moreover, some agricultural products like tea, coffee, spices, etc. are also exported.
 
TYPES OF FARMING
Agriculture is an age-old economic activity in our country. Over these years, cultivation methods have changed significantly depending upon the characteristics of physical environment, technological know-how and socio-cultural practices. Farming varies from subsistence to commercial type. At present, in different parts of India, the following farming systems are practised.
 
Primitive Subsistence Farming
This type of farming is still practised in few pockets of India. Primitive subsistence agriculture is practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks, and family/ community labour. This type of farming depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and suitability of other environmental conditions to the crops grown.
It is a ‘slash and burn’ agriculture. Farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other food crops to sustain their family. When the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and clear a fresh patch of land for cultivation. This type of shifting allows Nature to replenish the fertility of the soil through natural processes; land productivity in this type of agriculture is low as the farmer does not use fertilisers or other modern inputs. It is known by different names in different parts of the country.
 
Can you name some such types of farmings?
It is jhumming in north-eastern states like Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland; Pamlou in Manipur, Dipa in Bastar district of Chhattishgarh, and in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
 
Intensive Subsistence Farming
This type of farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land. It is labourintensive farming, where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.
 

Fill in the blanks:

Question. India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world after .....................
Answer. China

Question. ................. is the largest producer as well as the consumer of pulses in the world.
Answer. India

Question. ................. crops are sown in winter and harvested in summer
Answer. Rabi

Question. Choose the correct match-
(a) Kharif crop ........................ paddy and maize
(b) Rabi crop ........................... muskmelon and cucumber
(c) Zaid crop ............................ gram and mustard
Answer. A

Question. In the question given below,there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Mark your answer as per the codes provided below :
(A) Biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.
(R) Doses of biochemical inputs are used to grow crops rapidly.
Options :
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of
(2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
(3) A is true but R is False.
(4) A is false but R is true.
Answer. A

Question. In the question given below,there are two statements marked as Assertion
(A) and Reason (R).Mark your answer as per the codes provided below :
(A) Tea cultivation is a labour - intensive industry.
(R) Cultivation can be done throughout the year. Tea bushes require warm and moist frost free climate.
Options:
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of
(2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
(3) A is true but R is False.
(4) A is false but R is true.
Answer. B


Short/Long Answer Type Questios 

Question. What are the Geographical conditions required for sugarcane growth.Name the major areas of its production.
Answer. (a) India is the second largest producer of sugarcane in the world after Brazil.
(b) Climate: It grows well in hot and humid climate.
(c) Soil Type: it can be grown well on a variety of soils.
(d) Temperature: Temperature requirement is 21°C to 27°C .
(e) Rainfall: Annual rainfall between 75cm and 100 cm.
(f) The major sugarcane producing states are uttar pradesh,maharashtra, karnataka, tamil nadu.

Question. Why the growth rate in agriculture has been decreasing day by day.
Give reasons.
Answer. (a) Indian farmers are facing a challenge from international competition.
(b) The cost of production inputs is increasing day by day.
(c) Reduction in public investment in agricultural sector especially irrigation power, rural, roads, market, etc.
(d) The pressure of WTO on the Indian government to remove the subsidies given to the farmers.
(e) Reduction in import duties on agricultural products.

Question. What is the importance of agriculture in Indian economy?
Answer. (a) India is an agricultural country.
(b) Nearly two-thirds of its population depends directly on agriculture for its livelihood.
(c) Agriculture is the main stay of India's economy.
(d) It accounts for 26% of the gross domestic product.
(e) It ensures food security for the country and produces several raw materials for industries.

Question. Name three features of Indian agriculture.
Answer. (a) Farmers own small piece of land and grow crops primarily for their own consumption,
(b) Animals play a significant role in the various kinds of agricultural activities.
(c) Farmers depend mainly upon monsoon rains.

Question. What is plantation agriculture?
Answer. (a) It is a single crop farming of rubber, tea, coffee, cocoa, spices, coconut and fruits
(b) It is capital intensive and demands good managerial ability, technical know-how, sophisticated machinery, fertilizers, irrigation and transport facilities.
(c) developed in hilly areas of north- eastern India, sub-Himalayan,West Bengal and in Nilgiri, Anamalai in peninsular India

Question. Distinguish between: Rabi and Kharif Crops.
Answer. 

Rabi                                                              Kharif
1. Cultivation begins with the                     1. Cultivation begins with the on
withdrawal of monsoons in                           set of monsoons in May.
October.
2. Sowing of seeds is done in                    2. Sowing of seeds is done in
October-November.                                       June or early July.
3. Crops are harvested in April-May.         3. Crops are harvested in September- October.
4. Crops depend on the sub-soil               4. Crops depend on the mon  soons.
moisture.
5. Types : Wheat, gram and oil-                 5. Types: Rice, millets, maize,
seeds like mustard and                                 groundnuts, jute, cotton and various pulses.
rapeseeds 

 

Question. Write any five ways of agricultural reforms in India?
Answer. (a) Direct help to farmers, subsidy in account
(b) Easy and cheap loan to farmers
(c) Easy accessibility of water and electricity
(d) Crop insurance to protect from flood, drought, cyclone and fire
(e) Minimum support price (MSP), Gramin Bank, Kissan Credit Card
(f) Special weather bulletins
(g) Laws of land reforms implemented

Question. Describe the four negative impacts of green revolution on Indian Agriculture.
Answer. (a) Land degradation due to overuse of chemicals
(b) Lowering the ground water level due to over irrigation
(c) Vanishing Bio-diversity
(d) Difference between rich and poor farmers is increasing

Question. Distinguish between intensive subsistence farming and commercial farming.
Answer.
 
Intensive Subsistence                             Commercial Farming
Farming
1. Small land holdings and limited             1. Big land holdings
land
2. Traditional techniques and tools,           2. Modern techniques and tools
Ex-hoe.dao,digging sticks
3. Production for the local market             3. Production for the export
4. Two or three crops in a year                 4. Focus on a single crop
5. Mainly concern to livelihood                  5. mainly concern to trade. Exand
production of food crops.                              sugarcane.tea, coffee
Ex-paddy,wheat

Question. Describe the impact of globlisation on indian agriculture.
Answer. (1) The Indian farmers might have to force much unstable prices for these products fluctuated largely on year-to-year basis.
(2) The impact of trade liberalization on the prices of agricultural products at international level and domestic level depend on what policies other countries follow .
(3) Export of major agriculture commodities have been liberalised.
(4) Major transformation took place with the introduction of high-yielding varieties of crops .
(5) This innovation , coupled with investments in infrastructure, expansion of credit marketing and processing facilities led to a significant increase in the use of modern inputs.


Source Based Questions 

Read the following passage and answer the questions at the end.

Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and these are harvested in September-October. Important crops grown during this season are paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean. Some of the most important rice-growing regions are Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Odisha, Andhra Pradeshjelangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra, particularly the (Konkan coast) along with Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Recently,paddy has also become an important crop of Punjab and Haryana. In states like Assam, West Bengal and Odisha, three crops of paddy are grown in a year. These are Aus, Aman and Boro.

Question. When is the Kharif crop sown?
Answer. with the onset of monsoon

Question. What are the main kharif crops?
Answer. paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad etc.

Question. In which Indian states, three crops of paddy are sown in a year?
Answer. Assam, West Bengal and Odisha

Question. Which are the major rice producing regions in India?
Answer. West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh , Andhra Pradesh, Biharjelangana,Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra,

 
Click on the below link to download NCERT Class 10 Economics Contemporary India Agriculture
Contemporary India II Chapter 01 Resources and Development
NCERT Class 10 Economics Contemporary India Resources and Development
Contemporary India II Chapter 02 Forest and Wildlife Resources
NCERT Class 10 Economics Contemporary India Forest and Wildlife Resources
Contemporary India II Chapter 03 Water Resources
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Contemporary India II Chapter 04 Agriculture
NCERT Class 10 Economics Contemporary India Agriculture
Contemporary India II Chapter 05 Minerals and Energy Resources
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Contemporary India II Chapter 06 Manufacturing Industries
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Contemporary India II Chapter 07 Lifelines of National Economy
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Democratic Politics II Chapter 01 Power Sharing
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Democratic Politics II Chapter 02 Federalism
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Democratic Politics II Chapter 03 Democracy and Diversity
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Democratic Politics II Chapter 04 Gender Religion and Caste
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Democratic Politics II Chapter 05 Popular Struggles and Movements
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Democratic Politics II Chapter 06 Political Parties
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Democratic Politics II Chapter 07 Outcomes of Democracy
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Democratic Politics II Chapter 08 Challenges to Democracy
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India and Contemporary World II Chapter 01 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
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India and Contemporary World II Chapter 02 Nationalism in India
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India and Contemporary World II Chapter 03 The Making of a Global World
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India and Contemporary World II Chapter 04 The Age of Industrialisation
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Old Chapters
NCERT Class 10 History Before the Industrial Revolution
NCERT Class 10 History Characteristics of the City
NCERT Class 10 History Cities and the Challenge of the Environment
NCERT Class 10 History Differing Strands within the Movement
NCERT Class 10 History Emerging from the Shadow of China
NCERT Class 10 History Factories Come Up
NCERT Class 10 History Hand Labour and Steam Power
NCERT Class 10 History Hygiene Disease and Everyday Resistance
NCERT Class 10 History India and the World of Print
NCERT Class 10 History Industrialisation in the Colonies
NCERT Class 10 History Market for Goods
NCERT Class 10 History Nationalism and Imperialism
NCERT Class 10 History New Forms of Publication
NCERT Class 10 History Novels in the Colonial World
NCERT Class 10 History Politics in the City
NCERT Class 10 History Print and Censorship
NCERT Class 10 History Print Comes to Europe
NCERT Class 10 History Rebuilding a World Economy
NCERT Class 10 History Religion and Anti colonialism
NCERT Class 10 History Religious Reform and Public Debates
NCERT Class 10 History Social Change in the City
NCERT Class 10 History The Age of Revolutions 1830 1848
NCERT Class 10 History The City in Colonial India
NCERT Class 10 History The Communist Movement
NCERT Class 10 History The Dilemma of Colonial Education
NCERT Class 10 History The End of the War
NCERT Class 10 History The First Printed Books
NCERT Class 10 History The First World War
NCERT Class 10 History The Inter war Economy
NCERT Class 10 History The Making of Germany and Italy
NCERT Class 10 History The Making of Nationalism in Europe
NCERT Class 10 History The Nation and Its Heroes
NCERT Class 10 History The Nation and its History
NCERT Class 10 History The Nationalist Movement in Indo China
NCERT Class 10 History The Nineteenth Century
NCERT Class 10 History The Nineteenth Century1
NCERT Class 10 History The Novel Comes to India
NCERT Class 10 History The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
NCERT Class 10 History The Print Revolution and Its Impact
NCERT Class 10 History The Reading Mania
NCERT Class 10 History The Rise of the Novel
NCERT Class 10 History The Sense of Collective Belonging
NCERT Class 10 History The Vision of Modernisation
NCERT Class 10 History Towards Civil Disobedience
NCERT Class 10 History Visualising the Nation
NCERT Class 10 History Women and the Novel
Understanding Economic Development Chapter 01 Development
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Understanding Economic Development Chapter 02 Sectors of the Indian Economy
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Understanding Economic Development Chapter 03 Money and Credit
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Understanding Economic Development Chapter 04 Globalisation and the Indian Economy
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Social Science NCERT Book Class 10 Contemporary India II Chapter 4 Agriculture

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NCERT Book Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India II Chapter 4 Agriculture

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Contemporary India II Chapter 4 Agriculture NCERT Book Class 10 Social Science

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