CBSE Class 10 Social Science Social Science Mixed Assignment Set 12

Answer: (a) Primary sector. Agriculture and related activities dominate early economies.

Teacher's Note:
1. Agriculture and related activities dominate early economies.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (a) 100 days. The Act promised 100 days of work per household.

Teacher's Note:
1. The Act promised 100 days of work per household.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (a) less than 18.5. A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is normal.

Teacher's Note:
1. A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is normal.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (d) Alluvial soil. It is deposited by rivers and varies in texture.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is deposited by rivers and varies in texture.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (c) 3.28 million sq km. India has about 2.4 per cent of the world's area.

Teacher's Note:
1. India has about 2.4 per cent of the world's area.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (a) Primitive subsistence farming. Hoe, digging stick and dao are used on small patches.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hoe, digging stick and dao are used on small patches.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (b) Bauxite. Bauxite forms through the weathering of rocks.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bauxite forms through the weathering of rocks.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (c) India. Pulses are the main source of protein in vegetarian diets in India.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pulses are the main source of protein in vegetarian diets in India.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (b) Napoleon Bonaparte. He made himself Emperor in 1804.

Teacher's Note:
1. He made himself Emperor in 1804.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (a) Austria-Hungary. It was a multi-national empire of many language groups.

Teacher's Note:
1. It was a multi-national empire of many language groups.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (c) January 1921. The movement was called off in February 1922 after Chauri Chaura.

Teacher's Note:
1. The movement was called off in February 1922 after Chauri Chaura.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (b) Female figures and images. Marianne of France and Germania are examples.

Teacher's Note:
1. Marianne of France and Germania are examples.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (a) Madras. The Justice Party of Madras contested the elections.

Teacher's Note:
1. The Justice Party of Madras contested the elections.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (b) Brussels. Brussels has equal representation of Dutch and French speakers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Brussels has equal representation of Dutch and French speakers.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (a) 74%. Tamil speakers form about 18 per cent.

Teacher's Note:
1. Tamil speakers form about 18 per cent.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (a) Federal. Power is shared between the central and regional governments and community governments.

Teacher's Note:
1. Power is shared between the central and regional governments and community governments.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: (b) USA. Independent states joined together to form a bigger unit.

Teacher's Note:
1. Independent states joined together to form a bigger unit.
2. Read all four options before choosing.

Answer: The federal system has two objectives: to safeguard and promote unity of the country and to accommodate regional diversity. For this, both levels of government must agree to some rules of power sharing and trust each other.

Teacher's Note:
1. Unity and diversity are the two aims.
2. Mutual trust is the key to the success of federalism.

Answer: The Sinhala majority wanted to dominate. The 1956 Act made Sinhala the only official language, ignoring Tamil. Government jobs and university admission favoured Sinhala applicants, and the state gave special protection to Buddhism. Tamils felt that they were denied equal political rights and opportunities, which led to growing distrust and eventually to civil conflict.

Teacher's Note:
1. Majoritarianism caused the problem.
2. Language, jobs and religion were the main issues.

Answer: 1. The constitution says that the number of Dutch-speaking and French-speaking ministers in the central government shall be equal.
2. Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions.
3. Brussels has a separate government in which both communities have equal representation, and there is a third community government elected by German speakers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Equal representation and decentralisation are the key ideas.
2. Brussels has a special arrangement.

Answer: The Congress, hosted by the Austrian chancellor Metternich, aimed to undo most of the changes of the Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon dynasty was restored in France, and France lost the territories it had annexed. A series of states was set up on France's boundaries to prevent French expansion, for example the Kingdom of the Netherlands including Belgium, and Genoa was added to Piedmont. Prussia received important new territories, and Russia was given part of Poland.

Teacher's Note:
1. The aim was a conservative order after Napoleon.
2. Mention Metternich and the Bourbon restoration.

Answer: Averages make it easy to compare different groups or countries, for example average income. Their limitation is that they hide inequalities. In a country where a few people have very high incomes and many have low incomes, the per capita income may look high even though most people are poor.

Teacher's Note:
1. An average does not show how income is shared.
2. Use per capita income as an example.

Answer: The primary and secondary sectors produce goods (crops, steel), while the tertiary sector produces services that help in the development of the other two sectors, and does not itself produce a good. Examples: transport, banking, trade, communication and teaching.

Teacher's Note:
1. Tertiary activities are services.
2. They are also called the service sector.

Answer: India has three cropping seasons. Rabi crops (wheat, barley, peas, gram, mustard) are sown in winter, from October to December, and harvested in summer from April to June. Kharif crops (rice, maize, jowar, bajra, cotton, jute, groundnut) are sown with the onset of the monsoon and harvested in September to October. Zaid is a short season between rabi and kharif in which watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber and vegetables are grown.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the sowing and harvesting time of each season.
2. Give two crops for each season.

Answer: India has a large variety of resources but they are unevenly distributed, so planning is necessary. Some states are rich in minerals but poor in industries, while others have water but lack minerals. Planning helps in identifying and inventorying resources, developing a plan for exploiting them with technology and skill, and matching resource development with national development goals. It also prevents wastage and over-use so that resources last for future generations.

Teacher's Note:
1. Resource planning is needed because of uneven distribution.
2. It also supports sustainable use.

Answer: Minerals are exhaustible, take millions of years to form, and the rate of their use is far higher than the rate of formation. The industries depend on them, so conserving them is important for the economy.
Measures: 1. Use minerals in a planned and sustainable manner. 2. Recycle metals and use scrap. 3. Use improved technology to reduce waste in mining and use substitutes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Minerals are finite resources.
2. Recycling and substitutes reduce pressure on mines.

Answer: The World Bank classifies countries mainly on the basis of per capita income. The UNDP publishes the Human Development Report, which ranks countries by the HDI based on health (life expectancy), education and income.
The UNDP report is more reliable because it measures overall well-being through several indicators and not income alone, which an average can distort.

Teacher's Note:
1. Income alone is not a complete measure of development.
2. HDI includes health and education.

Answer: 1. Improve irrigation facilities so that farmers can grow more than one crop a year.
2. Build rural roads, warehouses and cold storage to create jobs and increase farm income.
3. Set up agro-based industries and small-scale industries in villages.
4. Provide cheap credit to farmers and small entrepreneurs.
5. Promote non-farm activities such as dairy, poultry, fisheries and tourism, along with the rural employment guarantee scheme.

Teacher's Note:
1. Think about both farm and non-farm activities.
2. Each point should say how jobs are created.

Answer: Gandhiji chose salt because it was consumed by every Indian and the British taxed it heavily. On 12 March 1930 he began the march from Sabarmati to Dandi with 78 volunteers, a distance of about 240 miles, and broke the salt law by making salt on 6 April. The march drew world attention, showed the unjust nature of colonial laws, and started the Civil Disobedience Movement in which people from all sections refused to obey colonial laws, boycotted foreign goods and stopped paying taxes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Salt was a symbol that united all Indians.
2. The march started the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Answer: Liberals (from the Latin word liber, free) were mostly middle-class, educated people in nineteenth-century Europe. They stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before law, for a government by consent, a constitution and representative parliament, and for the right to property. They did not support universal adult franchise, since voting was restricted to property-owning men.

Teacher's Note:
1. Liberalism had political and economic dimensions.
2. Liberals wanted a nation-state with an elected government.

Answer: In Britain the formation of the nation-state was not the result of a sudden revolution but of a long process. Before the eighteenth century there was no British nation; the people were English, Welsh, Scot or Irish. The English parliament gained power in 1688 after the monarchy was overthrown, and the Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland created the United Kingdom of Great Britain. England dominated and the Scottish culture and political institutions were suppressed; Ireland was forcibly taken into the United Kingdom in 1801.

Teacher's Note:
1. Britain became a nation through a gradual process and not through a revolution.
2. The Act of Union (1707) is the key event.