CBSE Class 10 Social Science Resources and Development Important Questions Set 06

Answer: Individual resources are owned privately by persons. Examples include plots of land, houses and plantations.

Teacher's Note:
1. Private ownership separates these resources from community or national ones.
2. Always pair the definition with one clear example.

Answer: Renewable resources can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes. Solar and wind energy are examples.

Teacher's Note:
1. They regenerate within a useful time span.
2. Exhaustible resources like coal do not qualify.

Answer: These are international resources, and no individual country can use them without the concurrence of international institutions. Oceanic waters beyond the EEZ are an example.

Teacher's Note:
1. The EEZ extends 200 nautical miles from a country's coast.
2. Remember the unit is nautical miles, not kilometres.

Answer: Stock refers to materials in the environment that could satisfy human needs but humans do not have the appropriate technology to access them. Hydrogen as a fuel is an example.

Teacher's Note:
1. Stock is different from reserve because technology is the missing link.
2. Link stock with a lack of technical know-how.

Answer: Agenda 21 is a declaration signed at the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit by world leaders to achieve global sustainable development. It aims to combat environmental damage, poverty and disease through global cooperation.

Teacher's Note:
1. It asks every local government to draw up its own local Agenda 21.
2. Note the year and place of the summit for the exam.

Answer: Black soil, also called regur soil, is ideal for cotton. It is formed from lava flows and holds moisture well.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is why cotton is grown widely on the Deccan plateau.
2. Black soil is also known as the black cotton soil.

Answer: Bangar is the old alluvium. It has a higher concentration of kankar nodules and is less fertile.

Teacher's Note:
1. Bangar lies away from the flood plains.
2. Khadar is the contrasting new alluvium.

Answer: Plains cover about 43 per cent, mountains about 30 per cent and plateaus about 27 per cent of India's total area.

Teacher's Note:
1. These three figures add up to 100 per cent.
2. Learn them as 43, 30 and 27.

Answer: Potential resources are found in a region but have not been utilised, for example wind energy in Gujarat and solar energy in Rajasthan.
Developed resources are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Potential resources can become developed ones once technology and capital are available.
2. Give a regional example for each to earn full marks.

Answer: 1. Bangar is old alluvium with a high concentration of kankar nodules and is less fertile.
2. Khadar is new alluvium, finer in texture and more fertile.
3. Khadar is found in the flood plains and deltas where fresh silt is deposited every year.

Teacher's Note:
1. Both are alluvial soils of the northern plains.
2. Fertility and age are the two key points of contrast.

Answer: 1. Net sown area is the land actually under crops, and it varies widely from state to state.
2. Forest area is much lower than the 33 per cent recommended by the National Forest Policy 1952.
3. Land under permanent pasture is small and shrinking.
4. Barren and wasteland and land put to non-agricultural uses make up the rest.

Teacher's Note:
1. Land use is determined by physical factors such as relief, climate and soil, and by human factors such as population density and technology.
2. Mention the 33 per cent forest target, as it is often asked.

Answer: 1. Resources are limited and unevenly distributed, so planning is needed for equitable use.
2. If a few individuals and countries keep depleting resources, the future of the planet is at risk.
3. Judicious use today ensures future generations are not deprived of resources.

Teacher's Note:
1. Planning involves identifying resources, building a planning structure and matching plans with national development goals.
2. Tie each point back to the idea of sustainable development.

Answer: 1. The terrain is rocky and mountainous and unsuitable for farming.
2. The climate is harsh in the hills.
3. Heavy rainfall hampers agricultural activity.

Teacher's Note:
1. In contrast, net sown area exceeds 80 per cent in Punjab and Haryana.
2. Compare with Punjab and Haryana to strengthen the answer.

Answer: 1. Deforestation and overgrazing, for example in Gujarat and Rajasthan.
2. Mining, which leaves deep scars and abandoned pits, as in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Odisha.
3. Over-irrigation, which causes waterlogging and salinity, as in Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh.
4. Discharge of industrial effluents and mineral processing dust.

Teacher's Note:
1. Land degradation reduces productivity and is a serious problem in many regions.
2. Add one state example for each cause.

Answer: 1. Contour ploughing: ploughing along the contour lines slows the flow of water down the slope.
2. Terrace cultivation: steps cut on slopes restrict erosion.
3. Strip cropping: large fields are divided into strips and grass is left to grow between crops.
4. Shelter belts: rows of trees reduce wind speed and protect soil.

Teacher's Note:
1. These methods mainly check the flow of water or wind.
2. Name at least three measures with a one-line explanation of each.

Answer: 1. Gully erosion: running water cuts deep channels into clayey soil, making the land unfit for cultivation. In the Chambal basin such land is called ravines.
2. Sheet erosion: water flows as a sheet over a large area on a gentle slope and removes the top soil.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sheet erosion is often hard to notice, though it removes the most fertile layer.
2. The difference lies in the pattern of water flow.

Answer: 1. It is formed from the weathering of lava rocks and is black in colour.
2. It is made of fine clayey material and has a high capacity to hold moisture.
3. It is rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime but poor in phosphoric content.

Teacher's Note:
1. It develops cracks in dry weather, which helps aeration.
2. Black soil is best known for cotton cultivation.

Answer: 1. They can be reproduced or renewed by physical, chemical or mechanical processes.
2. They renew in a short period and are often called free gifts of nature.
3. Most, such as solar, wind and tidal energy, are pollution free and environment friendly.
4. They reduce dependence on exhaustible fuels like coal and petroleum.
5. Examples are solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, forests and wildlife.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sustainable development favours these resources because they will last for the future.
2. Always include examples for the full five marks.

Answer: 1. Individual resources are owned privately, such as land plots and houses.
2. Community-owned resources are available to all members of a community, such as village commons, parks and playgrounds.
3. National resources belong to the nation: all minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land within political boundaries and the oceanic area up to 12 nautical miles.
4. International resources are regulated by international institutions, such as ocean resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the EEZ.

Teacher's Note:
1. This classification is by ownership; other classifications use origin, exhaustibility and status of development.
2. Give one example per category.

Answer: 1. Alluvial soil: river deposits of sand, silt and clay in the northern plains and deltas; best for rice, wheat and sugarcane.
2. Black soil: lava origin, Deccan plateau; best for cotton.
3. Red and yellow soil: develops on crystalline igneous rocks in low rainfall areas of the Deccan plateau, Odisha and Chhattisgarh.
4. Laterite soil: formed in high temperature and heavy rain with leaching; found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and Assam hills; suits tea, coffee and cashew.
5. Arid soil: sandy and saline, with kankar layers; found in western Rajasthan.
6. Forest soil: loamy and silty in valley sides; found in hilly and mountainous areas.

Teacher's Note:
1. Soils differ because of relief, parent rock, climate and vegetation.
2. Present the answer as a short table in your notebook for quick revision.