CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Paper 2026 Solved Code 32-1-2

1. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched ?
Column - A (Writer) - Column - B (Contribution)
(A) Sudarshan Chakra - Anandmath
(B) Kashi Baba - Sacchi Kavitayen
(C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak - Kesari
(D) Pandita Ramabai - Amar Jiban [1 Mark]

Answer: (C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak - Kesari

Teacher's Note:

1) Verify the correct matching of nationalist authors and their literary works.
2) Identify Lokmanya Tilak as the editor of the influential newspaper Kesari.
3) Distinguish between different historical publications and their respective creators.

2. The given image shows a famous painting. Choose the painter of this art work from the following options : [1 Mark]

(A) Satyendranath Bishi
(B) Abanindranath Tagore
(C) Rabindranath Tagore
(D) Raja Ravi Verma

Answer: (D) Raja Ravi Verma

Teacher's Note:

1) Recognize the signature style of Raja Ravi Verma in Indian classical art.
2) Link the visual artwork to late 19th-century nationalist painting traditions.
3) Eliminate other prominent artists from the options.

3. Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements and choose the correct option :
Assertion (A) : The Indian subcontinent was a crucial point in 'Indian Ocean trade flows' during sixteenth century.
Reason (R) : Its geographical location connected East-West Asia and Europe. [1 Mark]

Options :
(A) Both, (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both, (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (A) Both, (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Teacher's Note:

1) Analyze sixteenth-century maritime trading routes across the Indian Ocean.
2) Validate India's central position as a bridge between Western and Eastern commercial markets.
3) Confirm the logical link between geographic location and trading significance.

4. Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct option :
I. Gandhi-Irwin Pact
II. Rowlatt Act
III. Poona Pact
IV. Khilafat Movement [1 Mark]

Options :
(A) I, III, IV and II
(B) II, IV, III and I
(C) II, IV, I and III
(D) I, III, II and IV

Answer: (C) II, IV, I and III

Teacher's Note:

1) Sequence major historical events of the Indian national movement by year.
2) Note that the Rowlatt Act and Khilafat Movement occurred in 1919.
3) Order the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) before the Poona Pact (1932).

5. (A) How had globalization begun long before sixteenth century ? Explain. [2 Marks]

Answer: Early global connectivity grew primarily through the ancient Silk Route, which facilitated vibrant commercial and cultural exchanges. These trading networks linked vast territories across Asia with Europe and North Africa via overland tracks and maritime routes.

Teacher's Note:

1) Explain the significance of the ancient Silk Route in pre-modern globalization.
2) Discuss how land and sea routes interconnected major civilizations.
3) Mention the exchange of goods, ideas, and travelers across distant regions.

(B) How did trade help to spread diseases during the pre-modern world ? Explain. [2 Marks]

Answer: Commercial expeditions and conquests unintentionally carried deadly pathogens into isolated areas. Because native populations lacked natural immunity against European diseases like smallpox, epidemics devastated entire communities and eased foreign conquest.

Teacher's Note:

1) Highlight the biological consequences of early exploration and trade.
2) Explain how indigenous groups lacked immunity to introduced foreign ailments.
3) Describe how smallpox decimated populations and facilitated colonization.

6. (A) Explain the role of Johann Gutenberg in the spread of print culture in Europe. [3 Marks]

Answer: Johann Gutenberg drew upon his expertise as a goldsmith and metal caster to develop the mechanical printing press. His innovation transformed book production, starting with the printing of the Bible, and triggered a widespread print revolution.

Teacher's Note:

1) Trace Gutenberg's background in metalwork to his invention of movable type.
2) Mention the historic publication of the 42-line Bible.
3) Explain how the printing press accelerated literacy and mass book production.

(B) Explain the role of print in the expansion of protestant reformation. [3 Marks]

Answer: Print media enabled reformers like Martin Luther to widely distribute critiques of church practices, such as his Ninety-Five Theses. Inexpensive printed pamphlets and vernacular translations reached broad audiences, challenging religious authority and fueling the Reformation.

Teacher's Note:

1) Show how Martin Luther's writings were amplified through printed pamphlets.
2) Discuss how rapid reproduction challenged traditional clerical hierarchies.
3) Connect print technology directly to the spread of Protestant reform ideas.

7. (A) "Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation." Examine the statement in the context of eighteenth century Europe. [5 Marks]

Answer: Culture shaped nationalist sentiments across eighteenth-century Europe through art, poetry, music, and romanticism, which emphasized shared heritage over pure reason. Local folk traditions, vernacular languages, and collective cultural pasts helped unite diverse populations and fostered a strong sense of national identity.

Teacher's Note:

1) Explain how romanticism and cultural expressions fostered nationalist feelings.
2) Discuss the role of folk songs, poetry, and dances in shaping national identity.
3) Emphasize the importance of vernacular languages in connecting with broader populations.

(B) "Giuseppe Mazzini played a major role in the unification of Italy." Examine the statement. [5 Marks]

Answer: Giuseppe Mazzini established revolutionary secret societies like Young Italy to promote the vision of a unified Italian republic. Although exiled for his early activism, his organizational efforts and nationalist ideals laid the crucial ideological foundation that inspired subsequent military campaigns for Italian unification.

Teacher's Note:

1) Detail Mazzini's involvement with the Carbonari and his founding of Young Italy.
2) Explain his vision of transforming Italy from a patchwork of states into a unified republic.
3) Highlight how his ideological foundation inspired leaders like Cavour and Garibaldi.

'To the altar of this revolution we have brought our youth as incense.'
Many nationalists thought that the struggle against the British could not be won through non-violence. In the year 1928, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was founded at a meeting in Ferozeshah Kotla ground in Delhi. Amongst its leaders were Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das and Ajoy Ghosh. In a series of dramatic actions in different parts of India, the HSRA targeted some of the symbols of British power. In April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutta threw a bomb in the Legislative Assembly. In the same year there was an attempt to blow up the train that Lord Irwin was travelling in. Bhagat Singh was 23 when he was tried and executed by the colonial government. During his trial, Bhagat Singh stated that he did not wish to glorify 'the cult of the bomb and pistol' but wanted a revolution in society -
'Revolution is the inalienable right of mankind. Freedom is the imprescriptible birthright of all. The labourer is the real sustainer of society. To the altar of this revolution we have brought your youth as incense, for no sacrifice is too great for so magnificent a cause. We are content. We await the advent of revolution. Inquilab Zindabad!'

8.1 Why is the formation of 'Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA)' considered as a turning point in the freedom struggle of India ? [1 Mark]

Answer: The creation of the HSRA marked a major shift because numerous nationalists felt that peaceful methods alone were insufficient to defeat colonial rule, inspiring a dynamic new generation of militant freedom fighters.

Teacher's Note:

1) Identify the shift among young nationalists away from strict non-violence.
2) Highlight the emergence of a new wave of radical leadership.
3) Recognize the impact of revolutionary organizations on national sentiment.

8.2 How did Bhagat Singh's trial speeches transform him from a revolutionary to a philosopher of freedom ? [1 Mark]

Answer: During his trial, Bhagat Singh articulated deep ideals concerning human liberty, social justice, and systemic equality, elevating his image from a mere militant to an intellectual visionary of freedom.

Teacher's Note:

1) Examine the intellectual depth expressed in Bhagat Singh's courtroom declarations.
2) Differentiate between violent tactics and his broader vision of societal transformation.
3) Emphasize his focus on justice, equality, and human rights.

8.3 In what way did Bhagat Singh redefine the meaning of 'revolution' for his generation ? Explain. [2 Marks]

Answer: Bhagat Singh redefined revolution as an essential human right aimed at dismantling unjust social structures and uplifting the working class. He viewed liberty as an uncompromised birthright, inspiring youth to dedicate their lives toward total societal emancipation.

Teacher's Note:

1) Explain Bhagat Singh's conceptualization of revolution as a fundamental human right.
2) Highlight his emphasis on empowering laborers and dismantling oppressive structures.
3) Mention the rallying cry of 'Inquilab Zindabad' in awakening national consciousness.

10. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched ?
Column - A (National Parks) - Column - B (States)
(A) Periyar - Madhya Pradesh
(B) Manas - Assam
(C) Bandhavgarh - Rajasthan
(D) Corbett - Uttar Pradesh [1 Mark]

Answer: (B) Manas - Assam

Teacher's Note:

1) Verify the geographical locations of wildlife sanctuaries and national parks in India.
2) Confirm that Manas National Park is situated in Assam.
3) Correctly locate Periyar in Kerala, Bandhavgarh in Madhya Pradesh, and Corbett in Uttarakhand.

11. Choose the correct option related to the factors that determined the land use pattern in India : [1 Mark]

(A) Political and Religious factors
(B) Cultural and Geological factors
(C) Economical and Historical factors
(D) Physical and Human factors

Answer: (D) Physical and Human factors

Teacher's Note:

1) Classify the primary determinants governing regional land-use distribution.
2) Combine topography, climate, and soil conditions under physical factors.
3) Include population density, technology, and cultural traditions under human factors.

12. Choose the appropriate option to fill in the blank : [1 Mark]

Minerals
Ferrous - [ ? ] - Precious
Nickel - Bauxite - Gold

Options :
(A) Energy Minerals
(B) Non-Metallic Minerals
(C) Non-Ferrous Minerals
(D) Precious Minerals

Answer: (C) Non-Ferrous Minerals

Teacher's Note:

1) Analyze the standard mineral classification hierarchy.
2) Identify bauxite as a major non-ferrous metallic ore.
3) Differentiate ferrous groups from precious and non-ferrous mineral categories.

13. Match Column - I with Column - II and choose the correct option : [1 Mark]

Column - I (Types of Farming) - Column - II (Features)
I. Primitive subsistence farming - (a) Use of modern inputs with less labour
II. Intensive subsistence farming - (b) Single crop cultivation on large scale
III. Commercial farming - (c) Slash and burn cultivation
IV. Plantation farming - (d) Labour intensive cultivation

Options :
    I     II     III     IV
(A) (c)   (a)   (d)   (b)
(B) (a)   (b)   (d)   (c)
(C) (c)   (d)   (a)   (b)
(D) (d)   (c)   (b)   (a)

Answer: (C) I -(c), II-(d), III-(a), IV-(b)

Teacher's Note:

1) Match agricultural typologies with their defining operational characteristics.
2) Link primitive farming to slash-and-burn methods and intensive farming to high labor input.
3) Connect plantation agriculture with large-scale single-crop commercial production.

14. Identify the state related with the Chipko Movement : [1 Mark]

(A) Arunachal Pradesh
(B) Madhya Pradesh
(C) Uttarakhand
(D) Bihar

Answer: (C) Uttarakhand

Teacher's Note:

1) Recall the geographical origin of the forest conservation movement.
2) Identify Uttarakhand as the Himalayan region where villagers protected trees from felling.
3) Distinguish it from other environmental campaigns across different states.

15. Identify the correct soil from the given options to complete the flow chart : [1 Mark]
Heavy Rainfall + High Leaching -> [ ? ] -> Useful for growing Coffee and Tea

Options :
(A) Alluvial soil
(B) Laterite soil
(C) Red soil
(D) Black soil

Answer: (B) Laterite soil

Teacher's Note:

1) Analyze soil formation under tropical regions with heavy rainfall.
2) Understand how intense leaching washes away nutrients, forming acidic laterite soil.
3) Recognize laterite soil's suitability for plantation crops like tea and coffee.

16. Suggest any two measures for better productivity and organic farming. [2 Marks]

Answer: Farmers can improve soil fertility naturally by applying organic manures and compost. Additionally, following a structured crop rotation schedule helps manage pests without depending on synthetic chemical pesticides.

Teacher's Note:

1) List sustainable agricultural techniques that enhance soil health naturally.
2) Highlight the importance of organic compost, crop rotation, and biological pest control.
3) Explain how these practices reduce chemical dependence and preserve land productivity.

17. (A) "Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives." Justify the statement. [5 Marks]

Answer: Minerals are essential components in nearly all manufactured goods, ranging from tiny pins and vehicles to large industrial infrastructure and residential buildings. They serve as critical raw materials for manufacturing, drive technological advancement, and support economic growth by generating employment and trade.

Teacher's Note:

1) Explain the ubiquity of minerals in daily consumer goods and heavy infrastructure.
2) Highlight their role as vital raw materials for industrial manufacturing and economic development.
3) Discuss how mineral resource availability creates employment and export opportunities.

(B) "Solar Energy has important role in transforming the energy landscape." Justify the statement. [5 Marks]

Answer: India possesses abundant sunlight due to its tropical location, making it ideal for harnessing solar energy through photovoltaic technology. Large-scale solar installations provide clean, sustainable power to remote areas, reducing rural dependence on firewood and lowering environmental pollution.

Teacher's Note:

1) Discuss India's geographical advantage in harnessing solar power.
2) Explain how photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity.
3) Highlight the environmental benefits of shifting toward renewable energy sources in rural and urban sectors.

Read the given source carefully and answer the questions that follow:
FLOODS
Basic safety precautions to be taken:
- Listen to radio/TV for the latest weather bulletins and flood warnings. Pass on the information to others.
- Make a family emergency kit which should include, a portable radio/transistor, torch, spare batteries, a first aid box along with essential medicines, ORS, dry food items, drinking water, matchboxes, candles and other essential items.
- Keep hurricane lamp, ropes, rubber tubes, umbrella and bamboo stick in your house. These could be useful.
- Keep your cash, jewellery, valuables, important documents etc. in a safe place.
- If there is a flood, move along with your family members and cattle to safe areas like relief camps, evacuation centers, elevated grounds where you can take shelter.
- Turn off power and gas connections before leaving your house.
During Floods
- Don't enter into flood waters; it could be dangerous.
- Don't allow children to play in or near flood waters.
- Stay away from sewerage line, gutters, drains, culverts etc.
- Be careful of snakes; snakebites are common during floods.
- Stay away from electric poles and fallen power-lines to avoid electrocution.
- Don't use wet electrical appliances, get them checked before use.
- Eat freshly cooked and dry food. Always keep your food covered.
- Use boiled and filtered drinking water.
- Keep all drains, gutters and around your house clean.
- Stagnation of water can breed vector/water-borne diseases. In case of sickness, seek medical assistance.
- Use bleaching powder and lime to disinfect the surroundings.

18.1 Suggest one precaution before using water after floods. [1 Mark]

Answer: Water intended for drinking or cooking must be thoroughly boiled or filtered to remove harmful pathogens before consumption.

Teacher's Note:

1) Emphasize water safety guidelines during post-flood disaster management.
2) Highlight boiling or chemical purification to prevent waterborne infections.
3) Refer directly to the passage recommendations regarding water hygiene.

18.2 Mention any two measures related to protection of food items during floods. [1 Mark]

Answer: Individuals must consume only freshly prepared or dry food items and ensure that all stored food is tightly covered to prevent contamination.

Teacher's Note:

1) Focus on hygiene standards for food preservation during flood emergencies.
2) Highlight the importance of consuming freshly cooked meals and keeping containers securely covered.
3) Prevent foodborne illnesses through proper precautionary habits.

18.3 Suggest two actions to be taken before leaving the house during a flood warning. [2 Marks]

Answer: Residents must immediately shut off electrical mains and gas supplies to prevent fire hazards, while securing important documents, valuables, and emergency kits before evacuation.

Teacher's Note:

1) Identify critical pre-evacuation safety protocols during weather alerts.
2) Mention cutting off utility lines such as electricity and gas to mitigate hazards.
3) Advise gathering emergency supplies and securing valuables before moving to safe elevated shelters.

20. Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements and choose the correct option :
Assertion (A) : Both, Sri Lanka and Belgium faced challenges of ethnic and linguistic diversity.
Reason (R) : Sri Lanka had majority of Tamils whereas Belgium had majority of French speaking people. [1 Mark]

Options :
(A) Both, (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both, (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Teacher's Note:

1) Compare demographic and linguistic compositions of Belgium and Sri Lanka.
2) Verify that Sri Lanka has a Sinhala majority and Belgium has a Dutch-speaking majority, proving the reason statement incorrect.
3) Acknowledge that both nations indeed encountered significant ethnic management hurdles.

21. Read the following statements regarding decentralization step India took in the year 1992 and choose the correct option :
I. Mandatory regular elections for local bodies
II. Two-third seats reserved for women
III. Formation of the State Election Commission
IV. Seats reserved for Schedule Castes and Schedule Tribes [1 Mark]

Options :
(A) I, II and III are correct.
(B) I, III and IV are correct.
(C) II, III and IV are correct.
(D) I, II and IV are correct.

Answer: (B) I, III and IV are correct.

Teacher's Note:

1) Review the constitutional amendments of 1992 concerning local self-government in India.
2) Confirm that women's reservation is one-third (33 percent), making statement II incorrect.
3) Verify that regular elections, state election commissions, and SC/ST seat reservations were mandatory features.

22. Find the odd one out regarding the Political Parties of India : [1 Mark]

(A) Indian National Congress and Communist Party of India (M)
(B) Rashtriya Janta Dal and Lok Jan Shakti Party
(C) Indian National Lok Dal and Jan Nayak Janta Party
(D) Rashtriya Lok Dal and Jan Satta Dal

Answer: (A) Indian National Congress and Communist Party of India (M)

Teacher's Note:

1) Distinguish between national political parties and regional state-level parties.
2) Identify Congress and CPI(M) as recognized national parties, unlike the other regional groupings.
3) Analyze party classification criteria established by the Election Commission of India.

23. Look at the given picture carefully and choose the most appropriate option :
Which of the following values is being reflected through this picture ? [1 Mark]

(A) Unity and integration
(B) Equality and Justice
(C) Multitasking and Dedication
(D) Religions and Rituals

Answer: (C) Multitasking and Dedication

Teacher's Note:

1) Interpret visual symbolism depicting traditional or allegorical figures with multiple arms.
2) Relate the imagery to modern working women balancing diverse responsibilities.
3) Select the option highlighting diligence, multitasking, and commitment.

24. Explain any two features of federalism. [2 Marks]

Answer: Federal systems feature two or more distinct levels of government that govern the same citizens while exercising independent jurisdiction in legislative and administrative matters. Furthermore, the fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be altered unilaterally by any single tier without mutual consent.

Teacher's Note:

1) Highlight the existence of multiple tiers of government ruling over common citizens.
2) Explain constitutional guarantees defining specific jurisdictions of power for each level.
3) Mention that structural changes require consensus across different levels of government.

25. Suggest any two measures to inspire women to learn new skills for entrepreneurship. [2 Marks]

Answer: Expanding educational access helps women acquire the essential knowledge required to start business ventures. Furthermore, offering targeted career support and promoting economic independence empowers women to launch their own enterprises successfully.

Teacher's Note:

1) Discuss ways to improve educational opportunities and skill-building for women.
2) Emphasize career support and economic empowerment to encourage entrepreneurship.
3) Highlight the importance of leadership development and confidence building.

26. "Political parties perform a series of functions in the democracy." Explain the statement with examples. [3 Marks]

Answer: Political parties contest elections by fielding candidates and putting forward distinct policy platforms to shape public opinion. Winning parties form governments and draft legislation, while opposition parties hold the administration accountable by critiquing faulty policies.

Teacher's Note:

1) Outline core functions performed by political parties in democratic systems.
2) Explain candidate nomination, electoral competition, and policy formulation.
3) Describe the vital role of opposition parties in monitoring government actions and mobilizing public debate.

27. (A) “Democracy is a legitimate government with deep values.” Examine the statement. [5 Marks]

Answer: Democracy is considered a legitimate form of government because it is established through free and fair elections, reflecting the direct will of the citizens. It operates under established rules and procedures, ensuring that rulers remain accountable to the public and enjoy widespread popular support.

Teacher's Note:

1) Explain why democratic governments derive legitimacy from regular elections and popular consent.
2) Highlight adherence to established legal procedures and public accountability.
3) Discuss the overwhelming global preference for democratic governance.

(B) “Complaints are itself a testimony to the success of democracy.” Examine the statement. [5 Marks]

Answer: Public complaints and dissatisfaction demonstrate that citizens have developed political awareness, enabling them to critically evaluate power holders rather than remaining passive subjects. Voicing grievances reflects an active population that recognizes the impact of their participation on government functioning.

Teacher's Note:

1) Discuss how public complaints signify heightened citizen awareness and political engagement.
2) Explain the transition of individuals from passive subjects to active, demanding citizens.
3) Show how constructive criticism validates the functioning and success of democratic systems.

Read the given source carefully and answer the questions that follow:
POWER SHARING
Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power. In a democracy, the citizens must have freedom to choose among various contenders for power. In contemporary democracies, this takes the form of competition among different parties. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand. In the long run, power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups. Sometimes this kind of sharing can be direct, when two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections. If their alliance is elected, they form a coalition government and thus share power. In a democracy, we find interest groups, such as those of traders, businessmen, industrialists, farmers and industrial workers. They also will have a share in governmental power, either through participation in governmental committees or bringing influence on the decision-making process.

28.1 How do pressure groups influence the government ? [1 Mark]

Answer: Pressure groups actively influence governmental decisions and represent specific sectoral interests by participating in advisory committees and policy discussions.

Teacher's Note:

1) Identify the methods used by interest and pressure groups to shape policy.
2) Highlight their representation within government committees and decision-making bodies.
3) Refer directly to text evidence regarding influence on administration.

28.2 How do social groups benefit from power sharing ? [1 Mark]

Answer: Power-sharing mechanisms protect the cultural and linguistic interests of diverse social groups while reducing social conflict and ensuring stability.

Teacher's Note:

1) Explain how power sharing safeguards minority and diverse social communities.
2) Note the reduction of social friction and enhancement of political stability.
3) Connect inclusive governance to equitable representation.

28.3 Explain the contributions of citizens in the power sharing process. [2 Marks]

Answer: Citizens actively contribute to power-sharing by participating in civil society organizations, joining interest groups, and monitoring governmental actions. Furthermore, public involvement in policy discussions helps influence legislative decision-making processes.

Teacher's Note:

1) Discuss grassroots citizen participation through civil society and interest groups.
2) Emphasize public monitoring of state actions and engagement in policy debates.
3) Highlight how active citizenry strengthens democratic accountability.

29. Choose the correct option to fill the blank :
Literacy Rate is expressed as a proportion of the literate population in the age group [ ? ] and above. [1 Mark]

(A) 7 years
(B) 8 years
(C) 9 years
(D) 10 years

Answer: (A) 7 years

Teacher's Note:

1) Recall standard demographic definitions used in census surveys.
2) Identify that the standard benchmark age for calculating literacy rate in India is 7 years and above.
3) Differentiate standard statistical age groupings from child labor definitions.

30. Which of the following organisations publishes the 'Human Development Report' ? [1 Mark]

(A) World Trade Organisation
(B) World Health Organisation
(C) United Nations Environmental Program
(D) United Nations Development Program

Answer: (D) United Nations Development Program

Teacher's Note:

1) Identify international organizational reports used for socio-economic comparisons.
2) Recognize the UNDP as the publishing body behind the annual Human Development Report.
3) Distinguish UNDP indicators from WTO, WHO, and UNEP mandates.

31. Which one of the following best describes liberalisation ? [1 Mark]

(A) Protecting domestic industries
(B) Banning foreign companies
(C) Removal of restrictions on trade
(D) Restricting foreign investment

Answer: (C) Removal of restriction on trade

Teacher's Note:

1) Define the core economic concept of liberalization in global trade.
2) Identify the removal of government-imposed barriers and restrictions on goods and capital.
3) Differentiate liberalization policies from protectionist measures.

32. Read the following case and choose the correct option :
Swapna owns a small farm in her village. She wants to take loan to meet the expense of cultivation.
From which of the following sources should Swapna take the loan ? [1 Mark]

(A) Reserve Bank of India
(B) Nearest nationalised bank
(C) Moneylender of the village
(D) Agricultural trader

Answer: (B) Nearest nationalised bank

Teacher's Note:

1) Evaluate formal versus informal credit options available to rural farmers.
2) Identify nationalized commercial banks as safe formal credit sources with lower interest rates.
3) Warn against exploitative informal lenders like local moneylenders or traders.

33. Match Column - I with Column - II and choose the correct option : [1 Mark]

Column - I (Sectors on the basis of ownership) - Column - II (Examples)
a. Public Sector - (i) Amul Dairy
b. Private Sector - (ii) Maruti Suzuki
c. Joint Sector - (iii) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
d. Cooperative Sector - (iv) Airtel Limited

Options :
    a     b     c     d
(A) (ii)   (iv)   (iii)   (i)
(B) (iii)   (ii)   (i)   (iv)
(C) (iii)   (iv)   (ii)   (i)
(D) (i)   (iii)   (iv)   (ii)

Answer: (C) a-(iii), b-(iv), c-(ii), d-(i)

Teacher's Note:

1) Categorize economic enterprises based on ownership structures.
2) Match ONGC with public sector, Airtel with private sector, Maruti Suzuki with joint sector, and Amul with cooperatives.
3) Verify structural definitions of industrial ownership models.

34. Study the data of a State given below and answer the question that follow :
Educational achievement of rural population of State
I. Literacy rate of rural population: Males 76% | Females 54%
II. Literacy rate of rural children in age group of 10-14 years: Males 90% | Females 87%
III. Percentage of rural children aged 10-14 years attending school: Males 85% | Females 82%
If rural children aged 10-14 years are considered, then how many female children are attending school ? [1 Mark]

(A) 90
(B) 85
(C) 82
(D) 83

Answer: (C) 82

Teacher's Note:

1) Analyze statistical tables representing regional educational indicators.
2) Extract the specific percentage matching female children aged 10-14 attending school.
3) Interpret tabular data accurately without miscalculating general literacy figures.

35. "New technology has helped the world to become connected." Justify the statement with suitable arguments. [3 Marks]

Answer: Rapid advancements in telecommunications, computing, and the internet have enabled instantaneous global communication at negligible costs. Furthermore, modern transportation technologies facilitate the swift and affordable delivery of goods across vast international distances, greatly accelerating globalization.

Teacher's Note:

1) Highlight the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in global connectivity.
2) Explain how improvements in transportation reduce shipping times and transit costs.
3) Discuss the impact of the internet and satellite communication on international trade and information sharing.

36. Differentiate between the Reserve Bank of India and other Commercial banks. [3 Marks]

Answer: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) serves as the apex central banking institution that regulates monetary policy, supervises commercial banks, and holds the sole authority to issue currency on behalf of the central government. In contrast, commercial banks interact directly with the public by accepting deposits and providing loans for various commercial and personal needs under RBI supervision.

Teacher's Note:

1) Differentiate between the central bank (RBI) and commercial banking institutions.
2) Highlight RBI's regulatory role, supervisory functions, and monopoly on currency issuance.
3) Describe commercial banks' primary functions of accepting public deposits and extending credit.

37. Why is sustainable development essential ? Explain with examples. [3 Marks]

Answer: Sustainable development ensures that economic growth meets present requirements without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Preserving vital resources like groundwater through judicious management prevents environmental degradation and ecological collapse.

Teacher's Note:

1) Define sustainable development as environmentally friendly economic growth.
2) Highlight the importance of conserving natural resources for future generations.
3) Provide examples such as managing renewable resources like groundwater to prevent depletion.

38. (A) Describe the efforts done by Indian government to increase employment in urban areas. [5 Marks]

Answer: The Indian government promotes regional industries, tourism, and IT services to stimulate urban job creation and economic growth. Additionally, expanding public investments in education and healthcare infrastructure generates millions of professional and support positions annually.

Teacher's Note:

1) Discuss government policies encouraging urban industrial growth, tourism, and IT sectors.
2) Highlight employment generation through expansion in education and healthcare services.
3) Mention specific initiatives supporting entrepreneurship and startup programs in urban and semi-urban areas.

(B) Describe the importance of Secondary Sector in the economy of the country. [5 Marks]

Answer: The secondary sector drives economic development by transforming raw natural materials into finished industrial goods through manufacturing processes in workshops and factories. It creates massive employment opportunities, reduces dependence on agriculture, and contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Teacher's Note:

1) Define the secondary sector as the industrial domain converting raw materials into finished products.
2) Explain how manufacturing and factory expansion generate large-scale employment.
3) Discuss the economic shift from agriculture to industry and its impact on national GDP growth.

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