CBSE Class 10 Social Science Development MCQs Set 03

Answer: (a) Disparities

Explanation:
1. Per capita income is an average, so it hides the real disparities in how income is actually distributed among people.

Teacher's Note:
a) Per capita income is just an average, masking real income disparities.
b) Two countries with similar per capita income can have very different income distributions.

Answer: (c) Per capita income

Explanation:
1. Per capita income (average income per person) is the most widely used component for comparing development across countries, as used in World Bank reports.

Teacher's Note:
a) Per capita income is the standard yardstick for comparing countries.
b) The World Bank itself classifies countries using this measure.

Answer: (b) Income

Explanation:
1. Income (national or per capita income) is the most common method used to measure a country's economic development.

Teacher's Note:
a) Income is the most widely used measure of economic development.
b) This includes measures like per capita income and national income.

Answer: (a) More days of work and better wages

Explanation:
1. Landless rural labourers mainly seek more days of work and better wages, as these directly affect their income security.

Teacher's Note:
a) Landless labourers prioritise more work-days and better wages.
b) Their income depends heavily on steady wage work, unlike landowning farmers.

Answer: (c) Regular work

Explanation:
1. Regular work is what provides a stable, dependable income over time.

Teacher's Note:
a) Regular (steady) work is key to a stable income.
b) Irregular or occasional work, even at good wages, doesn't guarantee stability.

Answer: (b) Discrimination

Explanation:
1. People resent discrimination, wanting equal treatment and freedom alongside more income, as emphasised in discussions of development goals.

Teacher's Note:
a) Discrimination is a key non-income grievance people have.
b) This shows development isn't just about income, but also equal treatment.

Answer: (d) Their dignity in the household and society increases

Explanation:
1. Paid work increases women's dignity and standing within the household and society, by giving them economic independence.

Teacher's Note:
a) Paid work raises women's dignity in household and society.
b) Economic independence is linked to greater respect and voice.

Answer: (a) Different as well as conflicting

Explanation:
1. Different people can have different, even conflicting, notions of what development means, depending on their own circumstances and goals.

Teacher's Note:
a) Development means different (sometimes conflicting) things to different people.
b) A landowner and a landless labourer, for instance, may define it quite differently.

Answer: (c) Income

Explanation:
1. Income (particularly average/per capita income) is considered one of the most important attributes for comparing countries' development levels.

Teacher's Note:
a) Income is the key attribute used to compare development across countries.
b) This is why organisations like the World Bank classify countries by per capita income.

Answer: (b) More of all things human beings need

Explanation:
1. More income generally allows people to afford more of the goods and services they need.

Teacher's Note:
a) More income lets people access more of what they need.
b) This is the basic reasoning behind using income as a development measure.

Answer: (a) Per capita income

Explanation:
1. Per capita income is defined exactly as total national income divided by total population.

Teacher's Note:
a) Per capita income = total income ÷ total population.
b) It gives an average income figure per person.

Answer: (c) Per capita income

Explanation:
1. The World Bank's World Development Reports classify countries using per capita income as the key criterion.

Teacher's Note:
a) World Bank classifies countries by per capita income.
b) This allows for comparison despite very different population sizes.

Answer: (b) Sri Lanka

Explanation:
1. Sri Lanka has performed better than India on human development indicators, such as life expectancy and literacy.

Teacher's Note:
a) Sri Lanka outperforms India on human development indicators.
b) This shows per capita income alone doesn't determine human development outcomes.

Answer: (c) 12,056

Explanation:
1. According to the World Bank's 2017 classification, countries with per capita income of US$ 12,056 or more are classed as rich (high-income) countries.

Teacher's Note:
a) The 2017 high-income threshold was US$ 12,056 per annum.
b) This is the World Bank's cut-off for classifying 'rich countries'.

Answer: (a) 995

Explanation:
1. Countries with per capita income of US$ 995 or less (2017) are classified as low-income countries.

Teacher's Note:
a) The 2017 low-income threshold was US$ 995 per annum.
b) India itself fell into the lower-middle-income bracket, above this threshold.

Answer: (b) Low middle-income countries

Explanation:
1. India is classified as a low middle-income (lower-middle-income) country, per World Bank income categories.

Teacher's Note:
a) India falls in the lower-middle-income category.
b) This sits between the low-income and upper-middle-income brackets.

Answer: (c) US$ 1930 per annum

Explanation:
1. India's per capita income in 2017 was about US$ 1930 per annum, placing it in the lower-middle-income category.

Teacher's Note:
a) India's 2017 per capita income was roughly US$ 1930.
b) This is well above the low-income threshold but far below the rich-country one.

Answer: (a) Adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities

Explanation:
1. Kerala's low infant mortality rate is mainly attributed to its adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities, not climate or other factors.

Teacher's Note:
a) Kerala's low infant mortality owes mainly to strong health and education infrastructure.
b) This shows how public facilities, not just income, shape development outcomes.

Answer: (d) Human development

Explanation:
1. Human development indicators have increasingly been used alongside income to measure a country's overall development.

Teacher's Note:
a) Human development indicators now accompany income as a development measure.
b) This broadens the definition beyond pure economic output.

Answer: (a) Sri Lanka and Myanmar

Explanation:
1. According to the HDR 2018, Sri Lanka and Myanmar had higher life expectancy at birth than India among this comparison set.

Teacher's Note:
a) Sri Lanka and Myanmar had higher life expectancy than India per HDR 2018.
b) This again shows income alone doesn't guarantee the best human development outcomes.

Answer: (c) Per Capita Income

Explanation:
1. Per capita income is the standard measure used to compare countries, just as height and weight are used to compare students.

Teacher's Note:
a) Per capita income is the standard measure for comparing countries.
b) This parallels height/weight as a simple comparative measure for students.

Answer: (d) Check their BMI

Explanation:
1. BMI (Body Mass Index) is a direct physical indicator of nourishment, unlike literacy or income, which measure different things.

Teacher's Note:
a) BMI directly measures physical nourishment.
b) Income and literacy are unrelated proxies for nutritional status.

Answer: (a) More employment opportunities

Explanation:
1. For someone who is jobless, securing employment opportunities in the first place is the most urgent and immediate goal.

Teacher's Note:
a) For a jobless person, finding work itself is the top priority.
b) 'More days of work and better wages' instead matters more to someone already employed.

Answer: (b) High technological development

Explanation:
1. High technological development is a feature of developed, not under-developed, countries.

Teacher's Note:
a) High technological development is a developed-country feature.
b) Agriculture-dependence, poverty and illiteracy instead characterise under-developed countries.

Answer: (c) Bihar

Explanation:
1. Bihar has the highest infant mortality rate and the lowest literacy and attendance figures among the three states, indicating the poorest child health outcomes.

Teacher's Note:
a) Bihar has the highest infant mortality and lowest literacy/attendance in this table.
b) This combination points to the weakest child health outcomes among the three states.

Answer: (b) Scarcity of clean water for consumption

Explanation:
1. Scarcity of clean water directly reflects unequal access to a basic resource, matching the SDG concern about equitable resource access.

Teacher's Note:
a) Clean water scarcity directly reflects unequal access to a basic resource.
b) This fits the SDG concern about equitable resource access, unlike the other disaster-related options.

Answer: (a) Public Distribution System

Explanation:
1. PDS stands for Public Distribution System, which distributes essential food and other items at subsidised rates.

Teacher's Note:
a) PDS = Public Distribution System.
b) It supplies subsidised food grains and essential items to the public.

Answer: (c) (c)

Explanation:
1. Assured higher support prices is a goal more relevant to prosperous farmers already selling surplus crops, not to rain-dependent farmers, whose priority would instead be irrigation facilities to reduce dependence on erratic rainfall.

Teacher's Note:
a) Rain-dependent farmers would prioritise irrigation, not assured support prices.
b) Support prices matter more to farmers already producing marketable surplus, like prosperous Punjab farmers.

Answer: (a) Reducing income disparities

Explanation:
1. A drought-affected, impoverished region's most pressing need is addressing income disparity and poverty directly.

Teacher's Note:
a) A poor, drought-hit region's top priority is reducing income disparity.
b) The other goals, while important, are not what the specific image depicts.

Answer: (b) Construction of dams and multipurpose projects

Explanation:
1. 'Construction of dams and multipurpose projects' describes a specific infrastructure project, while the other options describe broader development goals/outcomes (employment, income, equality).

Teacher's Note:
a) Dam construction is a specific infrastructure project, not a general development goal.
b) The other options describe broader goals like employment, income growth and equality.

Answer: (d) Nepal

Explanation:
1. Nepal has a higher life expectancy (70.8) than India (69.7), suggesting good healthcare, but a lower mean years of schooling (5.0) than India's 6.5, indicating lesser average education.

Teacher's Note:
a) Nepal has higher life expectancy than India but lower average schooling.
b) This combination fits 'well-developed healthcare, lesser education' better than the other options.

Answer: (b) (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

Explanation:
1. Sri Lanka ranks 73rd (IV), India 130th (III), Pakistan 154th (I), and Nepal 143rd (II), based on the given HDI data.

Teacher's Note:
a) Sri Lanka = 73rd; India = 130th.
b) Pakistan = 154th; Nepal = 143rd, per the given HDI ranks.

Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Explanation:
1. People's aspirations beyond income are correctly explained by the fact that money alone cannot secure things like dignity, respect and freedom.

Teacher's Note:
a) Money cannot buy things like dignity, respect and freedom.
b) This explains why people's aspirations extend well beyond income alone.

Answer: (c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong

Explanation:
1. Development does involve pursuing holistic growth (A is true), but holistic growth is not the same as purely economic growth — it also includes social, educational and other non-economic dimensions, making R incorrect.

Teacher's Note:
a) Holistic growth includes social and educational dimensions, not just economic ones.
b) A is correct, but equating holistic growth with economic growth alone (R) is wrong.

Answer: (c) Developmental goals

Explanation:
1. These aspirations about how a country should progress are specifically termed 'developmental goals'.

Teacher's Note:
a) Aspirations about a country's progress are called developmental goals.
b) This is the standard term used throughout the chapter for such aspirations.

Answer: (a) The notion of development is different for people from different sections of society

Explanation:
1. Different people, depending on their circumstances, often have different, sometimes conflicting, ideas of what development means for them.

Teacher's Note:
a) This is the chapter's opening theme — development means different things to different groups.

Answer: (c) are working less than what they are capable of doing

Explanation:
1. Underemployment (disguised unemployment) occurs when people are technically working, but at a level well below their real capacity or potential.

Teacher's Note:
a) This is distinct from open unemployment, where a person has no work at all.