CBSE Class 10 Social Science Development MCQs Set 04

Answer: (a) Disparities

Explanation:
1. Per capita income is an average, so it hides the real disparities in how income is actually distributed among people.

Teacher's Note:
a) Per capita income is just an average, masking real income disparities.
b) Two countries with similar per capita income can have very different income distributions.

Answer: (c) Per capita income

Explanation:
1. Per capita income (average income per person) is the most widely used component for comparing development across countries, as used in World Bank reports.

Teacher's Note:
a) Per capita income is the standard yardstick for comparing countries.
b) The World Bank itself classifies countries using this measure.

Answer: (b) Income

Explanation:
1. Income (national or per capita income) is the most common method used to measure a country's economic development.

Teacher's Note:
a) Income is the most widely used measure of economic development.
b) This includes measures like per capita income and national income.

Answer: (a) More days of work and better wages

Explanation:
1. Landless rural labourers mainly seek more days of work and better wages, as these directly affect their income security.

Teacher's Note:
a) Landless labourers prioritise more work-days and better wages.
b) Their income depends heavily on steady wage work, unlike landowning farmers.

Answer: (c) Regular work

Explanation:
1. Regular work is what provides a stable, dependable income over time.

Teacher's Note:
a) Regular (steady) work is key to a stable income.
b) Irregular or occasional work, even at good wages, doesn't guarantee stability.

Answer: (b) Discrimination

Explanation:
1. People resent discrimination, wanting equal treatment and freedom alongside more income, as emphasised in discussions of development goals.

Teacher's Note:
a) Discrimination is a key non-income grievance people have.
b) This shows development isn't just about income, but also equal treatment.

Answer: (d) Their dignity in the household and society increases

Explanation:
1. Paid work increases women's dignity and standing within the household and society, by giving them economic independence.

Teacher's Note:
a) Paid work raises women's dignity in household and society.
b) Economic independence is linked to greater respect and voice.

Answer: (a) Different as well as conflicting

Explanation:
1. Different people can have different, even conflicting, notions of what development means, depending on their own circumstances and goals.

Teacher's Note:
a) Development means different (sometimes conflicting) things to different people.
b) A landowner and a landless labourer, for instance, may define it quite differently.

Answer: (c) Income

Explanation:
1. Income (particularly average/per capita income) is considered one of the most important attributes for comparing countries' development levels.

Teacher's Note:
a) Income is the key attribute used to compare development across countries.
b) This is why organisations like the World Bank classify countries by per capita income.

Answer: (b) More of all things human beings need

Explanation:
1. More income generally allows people to afford more of the goods and services they need.

Teacher's Note:
a) More income lets people access more of what they need.
b) This is the basic reasoning behind using income as a development measure.

Answer: (a) Per capita income

Explanation:
1. Per capita income is defined exactly as total national income divided by total population.

Teacher's Note:
a) Per capita income = total income ÷ total population.
b) It gives an average income figure per person.

Answer: (c) Per capita income

Explanation:
1. The World Bank's World Development Reports classify countries using per capita income as the key criterion.

Teacher's Note:
a) World Bank classifies countries by per capita income.
b) This allows for comparison despite very different population sizes.

Answer: (b) Sri Lanka

Explanation:
1. Sri Lanka has performed better than India on human development indicators, such as life expectancy and literacy.

Teacher's Note:
a) Sri Lanka outperforms India on human development indicators.
b) This shows per capita income alone doesn't determine human development outcomes.

Answer: (c) 12,056

Explanation:
1. According to the World Bank's 2017 classification, countries with per capita income of US$ 12,056 or more are classed as rich (high-income) countries.

Teacher's Note:
a) The 2017 high-income threshold was US$ 12,056 per annum.
b) This is the World Bank's cut-off for classifying 'rich countries'.

Answer: (a) 995

Explanation:
1. Countries with per capita income of US$ 995 or less (2017) are classified as low-income countries.

Teacher's Note:
a) The 2017 low-income threshold was US$ 995 per annum.
b) India itself fell into the lower-middle-income bracket, above this threshold.

Answer: (b) Low middle-income countries

Explanation:
1. India is classified as a low middle-income (lower-middle-income) country, per World Bank income categories.

Teacher's Note:
a) India falls in the lower-middle-income category.
b) This sits between the low-income and upper-middle-income brackets.

Answer: (c) US$ 1930 per annum

Explanation:
1. India's per capita income in 2017 was about US$ 1930 per annum, placing it in the lower-middle-income category.

Teacher's Note:
a) India's 2017 per capita income was roughly US$ 1930.
b) This is well above the low-income threshold but far below the rich-country one.

Answer: (a) Adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities

Explanation:
1. Kerala's low infant mortality rate is mainly attributed to its adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities, not climate or other factors.

Teacher's Note:
a) Kerala's low infant mortality owes mainly to strong health and education infrastructure.
b) This shows how public facilities, not just income, shape development outcomes.

Answer: (d) Human development

Explanation:
1. Human development indicators have increasingly been used alongside income to measure a country's overall development.

Teacher's Note:
a) Human development indicators now accompany income as a development measure.
b) This broadens the definition beyond pure economic output.

Answer: (a) Sri Lanka and Myanmar

Explanation:
1. According to the HDR 2018, Sri Lanka and Myanmar had higher life expectancy at birth than India among this comparison set.

Teacher's Note:
a) Sri Lanka and Myanmar had higher life expectancy than India per HDR 2018.
b) This again shows income alone doesn't guarantee the best human development outcomes.