CBSE Class 10 Social Science Agriculture Important Questions Set 07

Answer: The three seasons are rabi, kharif and zaid. Rabi crops are sown in winter, kharif with the monsoon, and zaid in the short summer season between them.

Teacher's Note:
1. Each season has typical crops.
2. Give one crop for each season.

Answer: Wheat and gram are rabi crops. Barley and peas are also grown in this season.

Teacher's Note:
1. Rabi crops are sown in October to December and harvested in April to June.
2. They need cool weather to grow.

Answer: Paddy and maize are kharif crops. Jowar and bajra are also kharif crops.

Teacher's Note:
1. They are sown with the onset of the monsoon.
2. They are harvested in September-October.

Answer: Jute is called the golden fibre. It is used for gunny bags, mats and ropes.

Teacher's Note:
1. It grows well on well-drained fertile flood-plain soils.
2. West Bengal is a leading producer.

Answer: Jhumming is slash and burn agriculture, in which a patch of forest is cleared and burnt to grow crops. It is practised mostly in the north-eastern states.

Teacher's Note:
1. Farmers shift when fertility falls.
2. It is a form of primitive subsistence farming.

Answer: Karnataka is the largest producer of ragi. Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh also produce it.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ragi is a millet that grows well in dry regions.
2. It is rich in iron, calcium and fibre.

Answer: 1. Rabi crops are sown in winter (October to December) and harvested in summer (April to June), for example wheat, barley, peas and gram.
2. Kharif crops are grown with the onset of the monsoon and harvested in September-October, for example paddy, maize, jowar and bajra.
3. Zaid crops are grown in the short summer season between them, for example watermelon and cucumber.

Teacher's Note:
1. The season is decided by climatic needs.
2. Remember wheat for rabi and paddy for kharif.

Answer: 1. Jute is used to make gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets and other artefacts.
2. It is losing market because of competition from synthetic fibres and packaging materials, particularly nylon, which are cheaper in some uses.

Teacher's Note:
1. Government has made jute packaging mandatory to support it.
2. Mention both the uses and the competition.

Answer: 1. Tea needs a warm, moist, frost-free climate with frequent showers distributed evenly through the year, and well-drained soil rich in humus.
2. Coffee needs a warm and humid climate with well-drained soil, and is grown on hill slopes in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

Teacher's Note:
1. Tea grows in Assam and Darjeeling.
2. Link crop to climate and region.

Answer: 1. Rice needs high temperature above 25°C and high humidity.
2. Annual rainfall above 100 cm is needed.
3. It grows in alluvial soil and in plains, coastal regions and deltas.
4. It is a kharif staple crop of eastern and southern India.

Teacher's Note:
1. In areas of less rain it is grown with irrigation, as in Punjab and Haryana.
2. Mention temperature, rainfall and soil.

Answer: 1. Wheat is a rabi crop needing a cool growing season and bright sunshine at the time of ripening.
2. Annual rainfall of 50 to 75 cm is suitable.
3. Well-drained loamy soil suits it.
4. Main producers are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan.

Teacher's Note:
1. Wheat is the second most important cereal crop of India.
2. Compare with rice conditions in notebooks.

Answer: 1. High temperature, light rain, 210 frost-free days and bright sunshine are needed.
2. It grows best in black soil of the Deccan plateau.
3. Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana are major producers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cotton is a kharif crop and a major raw material for textiles.
2. Black soil is the key soil link.

Answer: 1. Plantation farming is a type of commercial farming where a single crop is grown on a large area using capital and labour.
2. Tea, coffee, rubber and sugarcane are examples.
3. Its produce is processed in factories near the farms.

Teacher's Note:
1. It needs good transport links to markets.
2. Plantation is a type of commercial farming.

Answer: 1. Intensive subsistence farming is common in densely populated areas.
2. It is labour intensive, using high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation to get high yields.
3. The right of inheritance has led to division of land into smaller holdings.
4. Farmers grow crops according to rabi, kharif and zaid seasons.
5. Both subsistence and commercial farming are practised.

Teacher's Note:
1. Agriculture employs a large share of the workforce.
2. Add examples if the question carries five marks.

Answer: 1. Primitive subsistence farming: small patches, primitive tools, depends on monsoon and soil fertility; includes shifting cultivation or slash and burn.
2. Intensive subsistence farming: high population pressure, labour intensive, high doses of biochemical inputs.
3. Commercial farming: modern inputs such as HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers and pesticides to obtain higher productivity.
4. Plantation: a type of commercial farming growing tea, coffee and rubber.

Teacher's Note:
1. The degree of commercialisation differs across regions.
2. Give one example of each.

Answer: 1. Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings and abolition of the zamindari system.
2. Land reforms, and the Green Revolution and White Revolution in the 1960s and 1970s.
3. Provision of crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease.
4. Establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies and banks for low-interest credit.
5. Kisan Credit Card, Personal Accident Insurance Scheme, and weather bulletins on radio and television.

Teacher's Note:
1. Reforms aimed at raising output and protecting farmers' income.
2. Divide the answer into institutional and technological measures.

Answer: 1. Rice: temperature above 25°C, rainfall above 100 cm, alluvial soil; grown in plains, coastal and delta regions.
2. Wheat: cool growing season, 50-75 cm rain, loamy soil; Ganga-Satluj plains.
3. Millets (jowar, bajra, ragi): rain-fed dry-region crops grown on sandy, shallow black and red soils.
4. Maize: temperature 21-27°C, old alluvial soil.
5. Pulses and sugarcane are also important food crops.

Teacher's Note:
1. Rice and wheat are the two most important cereals.
2. Use a table with columns for crop, climate and states.