CBSE Class 10 Social Science Advanced The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Very Short Answer Questions Set 01

Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1. What is a nation?
Answer:
A nation is a large group of people who live in a common territory and feel they belong together because of shared history, culture, language or ideals, and who generally live under one government (a nation-state).
The French thinker Ernest Renan said that a nation is formed by the common will of its people to live together.
In simple words: A nation is a community that feels united by a common past and a wish to live together.

Teacher's Note:
1. Give the feeling of unity, not only the territory.
2. Link it with the idea of a nation-state, which is the main theme of the chapter.

Question 2. Which revolutions took place in Europe before and after 1830?
Answer:
Before 1830: The French Revolution of 1789 (and the Napoleonic wars that followed it) was the first great upheaval; it spread ideas of liberty and nation.
In 1830: The July Revolution in France, which put Louis Philippe on the throne, and the uprising in Brussels, which separated Belgium from the Netherlands.
After 1830: The revolutions of 1848 in France, the German states, the Austrian empire, Italy and other regions.
In simple words: The revolutions ran from the French Revolution of 1789 to the July Revolution of 1830 and the many revolutions of 1848.

Teacher's Note:
1. Make a short timeline: 1789, 1830, 1848.
2. The question asks for before and after, so use two groups.

Question 3. Give the meaning of liberalism.
Answer:
The word liberalism comes from the Latin word liber, meaning free.
It stands for freedom of the individual, equality of all before the law, government by consent, a constitution and representative government, and in economics, freedom of markets and trade.
In simple words: Liberalism means freedom of the individual and equality before the law.

Teacher's Note:
1. Write the Latin root; examiners like it.
2. Mention both the political and the economic sides.

Question 4. Mention the collective identities that kept the French people a united community.
Answer:
The revolutionaries stressed the ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen).
They also gave the people the tricolour flag, new hymns and oaths, a common language (French) and uniform laws, weights and measures.
In simple words: La patrie and le citoyen, along with the flag, anthem and language, united the French.

Teacher's Note:
1. Name the two French terms with their meanings.
2. Add one or two symbols such as the tricolour.

Question 5. Mention the major issues taken by liberals to criticize the conservatives.
Answer:
The liberals attacked the conservative regimes of 1815 because they:
1. were autocratic and did not tolerate criticism or dissent;
2. imposed censorship on newspapers, books, plays and songs;
3. denied a constitution and representative government;
4. kept the privileges of the aristocracy and the Church;
5. kept economic restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.
In simple words: Liberals wanted freedom of expression, a constitution and free markets, which the conservatives denied.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pick any three or four of the points.
2. Censorship is the issue most mentioned in the chapter.

Question 6. Which incident greatly influenced the educated people of Europe?
Answer:
The French Revolution greatly influenced the educated people of Europe. Its ideas of liberty, equality, the nation and constitutional government spread through the Jacobin clubs set up by students and educated middle-class people.
In simple words: The French Revolution inspired educated Europeans.

Teacher's Note:
1. Add the Jacobin clubs to show how the ideas spread.
2. Do not write the French Revolution of 1830 here.

Question 7. With which treaty was Greek independence recognised?
Answer:
Greek independence was recognised by the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832, after the struggle that began in 1821.
In simple words: The Treaty of Constantinople (1832) recognised Greece.

Teacher's Note:
1. Remember both the treaty and the year.
2. Lord Byron's help is a good extra line.

Question 8. Who played significant role in unification of Germany?
Answer:
Otto von Bismarck, the chief minister of Prussia, played the leading role, with the Prussian army and King William I. Prussia led the movement and won wars against Denmark, Austria and France.
In simple words: Bismarck, with Prussia's army, united Germany.

Teacher's Note:
1. Name Bismarck first, then Prussia and William I.
2. Mention the three wars for extra marks.

Question 9. Who gave the blood and Iron policy?
Answer:
The policy of blood and iron was followed by Otto von Bismarck, the chief minister of Prussia. It meant solving the German question by war and military strength, not by speeches and votes.
In simple words: Bismarck stood for blood and iron, meaning war and strength.

Teacher's Note:
1. Explain the phrase in one line.
2. It was used in all three wars of unification.

Question 10. Who was Mazzini?
Answer:
Giuseppe Mazzini (born in Genoa in 1807) was an Italian revolutionary. He was a member of the Carbonari, was exiled in 1831, and founded Young Italy at Marseilles and Young Europe at Berne.
He believed that nations are the natural units of mankind and wanted Italy to be one united republic.
In simple words: Mazzini was the Italian revolutionary who founded Young Italy.

Teacher's Note:
1. Give his birthplace and his two societies.
2. His faith in the nation made him dangerous to conservatives such as Metternich.

Question 11. Name the female allegory of the German nation.
Answer:
The female allegory of the German nation is Germania. She wears a crown of oak leaves, because the oak stands for heroism.
In simple words: Germania, crowned with oak leaves, personifies Germany.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mention the oak crown; it is the common follow-up question.
2. Marianne is the French counterpart.

Question 12. Fill in the blank: __________ in history is the term that refers to a form of monarchical government that was centralised, militarised and repressive.
Answer:
Absolutist
Absolutism (an absolutist government) means rule of a monarch with unlimited power, centralised and repressive. The answer is the adjective 'Absolutist'.
In simple words: An absolutist government is one where the ruler holds all the power.

Teacher's Note:
1. Write the word only; one-word answers are enough.
2. Revise the nearby facts for the same chapter topic.

Question 13. Fill in the blank: A direct vote by which all the people of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal is known as __________.
Answer:
plebiscite
A plebiscite is a direct vote on a single proposal by all the people of a region.
In simple words: A plebiscite is a direct vote on a proposal.

Teacher's Note:
1. Write the word only; one-word answers are enough.
2. Revise the nearby facts for the same chapter topic.

Question 14. Fill in the blank: In Galicia, the aristocracy spoke __________ language.
Answer:
Polish
In Galicia the nobles spoke Polish, although most of the peasants spoke Ruthenian. It shows how language divided classes.
In simple words: Galicia's aristocrats spoke Polish.

Teacher's Note:
1. Write the word only; one-word answers are enough.
2. Revise the nearby facts for the same chapter topic.

Question 15. Fill in the blank: The Treaty of __________ of 1832 recognised Greece as an independent nation.
Answer:
Constantinople
The Treaty of Constantinople (1832) ended the Greek war of independence.
In simple words: The treaty was signed at Constantinople.

Teacher's Note:
1. Write the word only; one-word answers are enough.
2. Revise the nearby facts for the same chapter topic.

Question 16. Fill in the blank: __________ formed a secret society called Young Italy for the dissemination of his goals.
Answer:
Giuseppe Mazzini
Mazzini formed Young Italy in the 1830s to work for a unitary Italian republic.
In simple words: Mazzini started Young Italy.

Teacher's Note:
1. Write the word only; one-word answers are enough.
2. Revise the nearby facts for the same chapter topic.

Question 17. State whether true or false: On August 27, 1791, Austria and Prussia issued the Declaration of Pillnitz.
Answer:
True
True. Alarmed by events in France, the rulers of Austria and Prussia issued the Declaration of Pillnitz on 27 August 1791, threatening to restore the French monarchy.
In simple words: Austria and Prussia did issue the declaration in 1791.

Teacher's Note:
1. Give a reason along with True or False to earn full marks.
2. Read the statement for words like all, only or never.

Question 18. State whether true or false: The French Revolution was the deserving death knell for the old system of monarchy in Europe.
Answer:
True
True. The Revolution ended absolute monarchy in France and spread the ideas of liberty, equality and the nation, which weakened the old monarchical order everywhere.
In simple words: The Revolution began the end of old monarchies.

Teacher's Note:
1. Give a reason along with True or False to earn full marks.
2. Read the statement for words like all, only or never.

Question 19. State whether true or false: The privileges of the Europeans gave way to 'equality, liberty and fraternity'.
Answer:
False
False as printed. The old privileges were abolished in France and in the areas Napoleon controlled, and the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity spread, but privileges did not disappear across all of Europe; after 1815 the conservatives even brought them back in many regions. The book's key is False.
In simple words: Privileges were not ended everywhere in Europe.

Teacher's Note:
1. Give a reason along with True or False to earn full marks.
2. Read the statement for words like all, only or never.

Question 20. State whether true or false: The ancient obligations to an aristocratic hierarchy gave way to a loyalty to the 'fatherland' or nation state.
Answer:
True
True. As the idea of the nation grew, loyalty to a noble or an emperor was replaced by loyalty to the fatherland, la patrie.
In simple words: Loyalty moved from the aristocracy to the nation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Give a reason along with True or False to earn full marks.
2. Read the statement for words like all, only or never.

Question 21. State whether true or false: Middle class families in occupations that require effort, skill and experience develop patience and work ethics.
Answer:
True
True as per the key. People in jobs needing effort, skill and experience, such as the new middle class of professionals and businessmen, learn patience and discipline.
In simple words: Skilled work builds patience and a good work ethic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Give a reason along with True or False to earn full marks.
2. Read the statement for words like all, only or never.