CBSE Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds MCQs Set 13

Practice MCQs for Class 10 Science Chapter 04 Carbon and its Compounds

Review structured MCQ sets for Class 10 Science Chapter 04 Carbon and its Compounds. Built according to official CBSE guidelines, these downloadable questions support daily revision and core concept reinforcement.

Access Chapter 04 Carbon and its Compounds Questions and Solutions

View or download the dedicated Chapter 04 Carbon and its Compounds MCQ resource below. Practicing these 50 objective questions regularly builds familiarity with standard exam patterns and helps secure higher marks in final Science evaluations.

Revise Chapter 4 of CBSE Class 10 Science with 35 multiple choice questions that carry the answer, a stepwise explanation and a teacher's note each. You will meet tetravalency and bond length, the structural isomers of C4H9Br, chlorination of methane and clean versus sooty flames, puzzles that identify unknown organic compounds, and soap tests with turmeric, along with 7 assertion-reason questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which of the following elements does not show tetravalency?
(a) Ge
(b) Si
(c) C
(d) O
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) O

Explanation:
1. C, Si and Ge are in group 14 and have four valence electrons.
2. Oxygen has electronic configuration 2, 6, so its valency is 2.

Teacher's Note:
1. Group 14 elements are tetravalent.
2. Valency = 8 − valence electrons for non-metals.

Question 2: Carbon forms four covalent bonds by sharing its four valence electrons with four univalent atoms, e.g. hydrogen. After the formation of four bonds, carbon attains the electronic configuration of
(a) Helium
(b) Neon
(c) Argon
(d) Krypton
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Neon

Explanation:
1. Carbon (2, 4) gets four more shared electrons, so its outer shell has 8 electrons.
2. Eight outer electrons with a total of 10 gives the configuration of neon (2, 8).

Teacher's Note:
1. Count shared electrons as belonging to both atoms.
2. Neon is the nearest noble gas to carbon.

Question 3: Which of the following has shortest carbon-carbon bond length?
(a) C2H2
(b) C2H4
(c) C2H6
(d) C6H6
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) C2H2

Explanation:
1. A triple bond is shorter than a double bond, which is shorter than a single bond.
2. C2H2 has a C≡C bond, so it has the shortest carbon–carbon bond.

Teacher's Note:
1. More shared pairs pull the atoms closer.
2. Order: triple < double < single.

Question 4: Diamond is not a good conductor of electricity because
(a) it is very hard
(b) its structure is very compact
(c) it is not water soluble
(d) it has no free electron.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) it has no free electron.

Explanation:
1. All four valence electrons of each carbon are used in covalent bonds.
2. With no free electrons or ions, diamond cannot conduct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Free electrons are needed for conduction.
2. Hardness and conductivity are unrelated.

Question 5: Match the columns: Column A: (1) Methane (2) Propane (3) Butane (4) Pentane (5) Octane. Column B: (p) C8H18 (q) C4H10 (r) C5H12 (s) C3H8 (t) CH4
(a) (1)-(q), (2)-(s), (3)-(t), (4)-(p), (5)-(r)
(b) (1)-(p), (2)-(r), (3)-(s), (4)-(q), (5)-(t)
(c) (1)-(t), (2)-(s), (3)-(q), (4)-(r), (5)-(p)
(d) (1)-(t), (2)-(q), (3)-(s), (4)-(r), (5)-(p)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) (1)-(t), (2)-(s), (3)-(q), (4)-(r), (5)-(p)

Explanation:
1. Methane is CH4, propane C3H8, butane C4H10, pentane C5H12 and octane C8H18.
2. This matches option (c).

Teacher's Note:
1. Use CnH2n+2 with n = 1, 3, 4, 5, 8.
2. Prefix gives the number of carbons.

Question 6: Which of the following is not a characteristic of Diamond?
(a) Hardest substance
(b) High thermal conductivity
(c) High refractive index
(d) Good conductor of electricity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Good conductor of electricity

Explanation:
1. Diamond has no free electrons, so it does not conduct electricity.
2. It is the hardest substance, with high thermal conductivity and refractive index.

Teacher's Note:
1. No free electrons means no conduction.
2. Compare with graphite.

Question 7: Name the allotrope of carbon which is in the form of the geodesic dome.
(a) Graphite
(b) Diamond
(c) Fullerene
(d) Coal
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Fullerene

Explanation:
1. Fullerene (C60) resembles the geodesic dome designed by Buckminster Fuller.
2. Hence it is also called buckminsterfullerene.

Teacher's Note:
1. The shape is like a football.
2. Fullerenes are discovered recently.

Question 8: The number of structural isomers of the compound having molecular formula C4H9Br is
(a) 3
(b) 5
(c) 4
(d) 2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 4

Explanation:
1. Butane gives 1-bromobutane and 2-bromobutane.
2. Isobutane gives 1-bromo-2-methylpropane and 2-bromo-2-methylpropane, so there are 4 isomers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Consider both butane and isobutane skeletons.
2. Vary the position of Br.

Question 9: Which of the following represent saturated hydrocarbons? 1. CH(CH3)3 2. CH2=CHCH3 3. CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3 4. (CH3)2C=CHCH3
(a) 1 and 3
(b) 2 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 1 and 3

Explanation:
1. Compounds 1 and 3 have only single bonds, so they are saturated.
2. Compounds 2 and 4 contain C=C double bonds, so they are unsaturated.

Teacher's Note:
1. Look for a double or triple bond.
2. No multiple bond means saturated.

Question 10: The table shows six organic compounds A, B, C, D, E and F: A C7H16; B C8H16; C C4H6; D C6H10; E C5H10; F C9H20. Which of the following is the member of the same homologous series as E?
(a) D
(b) A
(c) F
(d) B
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) B

Explanation:
1. E (C5H10) fits CnH2n, an alkene.
2. B (C8H16) also fits CnH2n.

Teacher's Note:
1. Find the general formula of E first.
2. Then test each option.

Question 11: Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Most organic compounds are ionic compounds.
(b) Ethane and ethene belong to the same homologous series.
(c) Propene contains three hydrogen atoms per molecule.
(d) Chloroethane contains two carbon atoms per molecule.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Chloroethane contains two carbon atoms per molecule.

Explanation:
1. The prefix ‘eth’ means two carbon atoms, and chloroethane is CH3CH2Cl.
2. Organic compounds are mostly covalent, ethane and ethene are different series, and propene (C3H6) has six hydrogen atoms.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the prefixes meth, eth, prop, but.
2. Check each statement with a formula.

Question 12: Match the following with correct response. Column-A: (1) Catenation (2) Alkane (3) Alkene (4) Alkyne. Column-B: (A) Butene (B) Carbon compounds (C) Ethyne (D) Ethane
(a) 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
(b) 1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A
(c) 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
(d) 1-A, 2-C, 3-B, 4-D
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C

Explanation:
1. Catenation gives carbon compounds, an alkane is ethane, an alkene is butene and an alkyne is ethyne.
2. This is option (c).

Teacher's Note:
1. Match what you are sure of first.
2. Eliminate wrong options.

Question 13: Match the Column-I with Column-II. P. Good lubricant Q. Compounds of carbon and hydrogen R. n-butane and iso-butane S. Alkenes with (i) Hydrocarbons (ii) Unsaturated hydrocarbons (iii) Graphite (iv) Isomers
(a) P-(iii), Q-(i), R-(iv), S-(ii)
(b) P-(i), Q-(ii), R-(iii), S-(iv)
(c) P-(iii), Q-(ii), R-(i), S-(iv)
(d) P-(ii), Q-(iv), R-(i), S-(iii)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) P-(iii), Q-(i), R-(iv), S-(ii)

Explanation:
1. Graphite is a good lubricant, compounds of C and H are hydrocarbons, n-butane and iso-butane are isomers, and alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.
2. This gives P-(iii), Q-(i), R-(iv), S-(ii).

Teacher's Note:
1. Match the sure ones first.
2. n-Butane and iso-butane have the same formula C4H10.

Question 14: The molecular formula of a hydrocarbon is C6H12. It does not react with H2 to give C6H14 nor does it react with Cl2 to give C6H12Cl2. The hydrocarbon C6H12 is: (i) A saturated hydrocarbon (ii) A branched hydrocarbon (iii) An open chain hydrocarbon (iv) A cycloalkane
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (iii) only
(d) (i) and (iv)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) (i) and (iv)

Explanation:
1. It does not add H2 or Cl2, so it has no double bond and is saturated.
2. A saturated compound with formula CnH2n must be a ring, so it is a cycloalkane (cyclohexane).

Teacher's Note:
1. CnH2n can be an alkene or a ring.
2. No addition means no double bond.

Question 15: The final product of chlorination of methane in the sun light is –
(a) CH3Cl
(b) CH2Cl2
(c) CHCl3
(d) CCl4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) CCl4

Explanation:
1. In sunlight chlorine replaces the hydrogen atoms of methane one by one.
2. The substitution continues until all four H atoms are replaced, giving CCl4.

Teacher's Note:
1. Substitution goes step by step.
2. CH3Cl, CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 are intermediates.

Question 16: Which out of the following hydrocarbons will give a clean flame when burnt?
(a) C4H10
(b) C4H8
(c) C6H10
(d) All of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) C4H10

Explanation:
1. C4H10 (butane) is saturated and burns completely with a clean blue flame.
2. C4H8 and C6H10 are unsaturated and burn with a sooty yellow flame.

Teacher's Note:
1. Check CnH2n+2 to spot a saturated hydrocarbon.
2. Unsaturated compounds give sooty flames.

Question 17: The hetero atoms present in CH3—CH2—O—CH2—CH2Cl are: (I) Oxygen (II) Carbon (III) Hydrogen (IV) Chlorine
(a) (I) and (II)
(b) (II) and (III)
(c) (III) and (IV)
(d) (I) and (IV)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) (I) and (IV)

Explanation:
1. Hetero atoms are atoms other than carbon and hydrogen present in an organic molecule.
2. Here they are oxygen and chlorine.

Teacher's Note:
1. Carbon and hydrogen are never called hetero atoms.
2. Halogens, O, N and S are hetero atoms.

Question 18: Which among the following compounds can give addition reaction with chlorine?
(a) C2H4
(b) C2H5OH
(c) C3H8
(d) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) C2H4

Explanation:
1. Only unsaturated compounds give addition reactions.
2. C2H4 (ethene) has a double bond, whereas C2H5OH and C3H8 are saturated.

Teacher's Note:
1. Addition needs a C=C or C≡C bond.
2. Ethene decolourises bromine water.

Question 19: ‘Drinking alcohol’ is very harmful and it ruins the health. ‘Drinking alcohol’ stands for –
(a) drinking methyl alcohol
(b) drinking ethyl alcohol
(c) drinking propyl alcohol
(d) drinking isopropyl alcohol
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) drinking ethyl alcohol

Explanation:
1. The alcohol in alcoholic drinks is ethanol (ethyl alcohol).
2. Methanol is even more poisonous.

Teacher's Note:
1. Ethanol is the active ingredient of alcoholic drinks.
2. Methanol causes blindness.

Question 20: The molecular formula of carboxylic acid that differs from the rest is
(a) C13H26O2
(b) C2H4O2
(c) C9H18O2
(d) C7H12O2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) C7H12O2

Explanation:
1. Saturated carboxylic acids fit CnH2nO2, which fits the first three options.
2. C7H12O2 has two hydrogen atoms fewer than C7H14O2, so it contains a C=C bond.

Teacher's Note:
1. Test H = 2 × C for each option.
2. One odd-one-out always breaks the pattern.

Question 21: An organic compound A on heating with concentrated H2SO4 gave product B and on warming with alkaline KMnO4 gave compound C. Compound A on heating with compound C in presence of concentrated H2SO4 formed compound D, which has fruity smell. Identify the compounds A, B, C and D:
(a) A = Alcohol, B = Carboxylic acid, C = Alkene, D = Ester
(b) A = Carboxylic acid, B = Ester, C = Alkene, D = Alcohol
(c) A = Alcohol, B = Alkene, C = Carboxylic acid, D = Ester
(d) A = Alkene, B = Alcohol, C = Ester, D = Carboxylic acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A = Alcohol, B = Alkene, C = Carboxylic acid, D = Ester

Explanation:
1. An alcohol is dehydrated by conc. H2SO4 to an alkene (B) and oxidised by alkaline KMnO4 to a carboxylic acid (C).
2. The alcohol and the acid then react to give a fruity-smelling ester (D).

Teacher's Note:
1. Use the known reactions of ethanol.
2. Fruity smell means an ester.

Question 22: On undergoing complete combustion in an adequate supply of oxygen, an organic compound produces only carbon dioxide and water vapour as the products. Based on this information, which of the following homologous series could this compound belong to? (P) Alkanes (Q) Alcohols (R) Aldehydes
(a) Only (P)
(b) Only (P) and (Q)
(c) Only (Q) and (R)
(d) (P), (Q) and (R)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) (P), (Q) and (R)

Explanation:
1. Alkanes, alcohols and aldehydes contain only C, H and O.
2. On complete combustion each of them gives only CO2 and H2O.

Teacher's Note:
1. Products depend on the elements present in the compound.
2. Compounds with N, S or halogens give other products as well.

Question 23: An organic compound 'X' is an essential component of wine and beer. 'X' on oxidation gives an organic acid 'Y' present in vinegar. 'X' and 'Y' react together in the presence of an acid catalyst to give a compound 'Z'. The structural formula of 'Z' is
(a) CH3COONa
(b) CH3COOC2H5
(c) CH3CH2COOCH3
(d) CH3CH2OH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) CH3COOC2H5

Explanation:
1. X is ethanol and Y is ethanoic acid.
2. Their reaction gives the ester ethyl ethanoate, CH3COOC2H5.

Teacher's Note:
1. Name the ester as alcohol part + acid part.
2. CH3COONa is the sodium salt.

Question 24: Ethylene is produced when:
(a) Ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid in presence of a few drops of conc. H2SO4.
(b) Ethanol is oxidised with acidified K2Cr2O7.
(c) Ethanol is heated with excess of conc. H2SO4 at 443 K.
(d) Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Ethanol is heated with excess of conc. H2SO4 at 443 K.

Explanation:
1. Heating ethanol with excess conc. H2SO4 at 443 K removes water and gives ethene (ethylene).
2. The other options give an ester, ethanoic acid and CO2 respectively.

Teacher's Note:
1. 443 K and excess acid give ethene.
2. This is a dehydration reaction.

Question 25: Acetic acid was added to NaHCO3 solution and the gas evolved was tested with a burning candle. Four observations were reported as follows: I. The evolved gas burns with the pop sound and the flame gets extinguished. II. The gas does not burn but the candle burns with a pop sound. III. The flame extinguishes and the gas does not burn. IV. The gas burns with a red flame and the candle burns brightly. The correct observation is reported in
(a) I
(b) II
(c) III
(d) I and II
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) III

Explanation:
1. The gas evolved is carbon dioxide, which neither burns nor supports burning.
2. So the candle flame is put out and the gas does not burn.

Teacher's Note:
1. CO2 extinguishes flames.
2. A pop sound is the test for hydrogen.

Question 26: A student took four test tubes P, Q, R and S and filled about 8 mL of distilled water in each. After that he dissolved an equal amount of Na2SO4 in P, K2SO4 in Q, CaSO4 in R and MgSO4 in S. On adding an equal amount of soap solution and shaking each test tube well, a good amount of lather will be obtained in the test tubes:
(a) P and Q
(b) P and R
(c) P, Q and S
(d) Q, R and S
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) P and Q

Explanation:
1. Sodium and potassium sulphates do not make water hard, so lather forms in P and Q.
2. CaSO4 and MgSO4 contain Ca2+ and Mg2+, which form scum with soap.

Teacher's Note:
1. Only calcium and magnesium salts cause hardness.
2. Na+ and K+ salts do not.

Question 27: The soap molecule has a
(a) hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail
(b) hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail
(c) hydrophobic head and a hydrophobic tail
(d) hydrophilic head and a hydrophilic tail
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail

Explanation:
1. The ionic –COO−Na+ end is water-loving (hydrophilic head).
2. The long hydrocarbon chain is water-hating (hydrophobic tail).

Teacher's Note:
1. Tail dissolves in oil, head in water.
2. This structure forms micelles.

Question 28: On washing with soap, a turmeric stain on the cloth turns to red because (P) Soap solution is alkaline. (Q) Soap solution is acidic. (R) Turmeric contains a natural indicator. (S) Turmeric contains litmus. Select the correct alternative.
(a) P and R
(b) Q and S
(c) R and Q
(d) P and S
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) P and R

Explanation:
1. Soap solution is alkaline, because soap is the salt of a weak acid and a strong base.
2. Turmeric is a natural indicator that turns red in bases, so P and R are correct.

Teacher's Note:
1. Turmeric is yellow in acid or neutral solution.
2. Litmus comes from lichens, not turmeric.

Assertion–Reason Questions

Question 29:
Assertion (A): The electronic configuration of C is 2, 4 and it always forms covalent compounds by sharing electrons.
Reason (R): The forces of attraction between the molecules of these compounds are not strong.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Carbon has four valence electrons and forms covalent compounds by sharing, so A is true.
2. Weak intermolecular forces are also true but do not explain why carbon shares electrons.

Teacher's Note:
1. Do not confuse intermolecular forces with bond formation.
2. R explains melting points, not bond type.

Question 30:
Assertion (A): Vegetable oils are healthier than animal fats.
Reason (R): Vegetable oils generally have long unsaturated carbon chains while animal fats have saturated carbon chains.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Unsaturated fats from vegetable oils are healthier than saturated animal fats.
2. The unsaturated chains of vegetable oils are the reason, so R explains A.

Teacher's Note:
1. Animal fats are saturated and harmful in excess.
2. Healthy cooking oils are unsaturated.

Question 31:
Assertion (A): Two members of a homologous series have similar chemical properties.
Reason (R): Propane and butane are members of same homologous series.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Members of a series have the same functional group, so their chemical properties are similar.
2. R is true but is only an example and does not explain A.

Teacher's Note:
1. Same functional group is the true reason.
2. An example is not an explanation.

Question 32:
Assertion (A): General formula of alkanes is CnH2n + 2.
Reason (R): It is because they are saturated compounds.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons whose formula is CnH2n+2, so both statements are true.
2. Being saturated is a property of alkanes, but it does not by itself explain the formula.

Teacher's Note:
1. Check both statements, then the link.
2. The formula comes from single bonds only.

Question 33:
Assertion (A): All alcohols have similar chemical properties.
Reason (R): All alcohols contain similar hydroxy (–OH) functional group.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. The chemical properties of a compound are decided by its functional group.
2. All alcohols have the –OH group, so they behave alike.

Teacher's Note:
1. Same functional group means same chemistry.
2. This is the basis of a homologous series.

Question 34:
Assertion (A): When ethanol is heated at 443 K with excess conc. H2SO4, ethene is obtained.
Reason (R): Conc. H2SO4 acts as a dehydrating agent.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Hot excess conc. H2SO4 removes water from ethanol to form ethene.
2. Because it removes water, it acts as a dehydrating agent, so R explains A.

Teacher's Note:
1. The temperature 443 K is important.
2. Lower temperature gives ether instead.

Question 35:
Assertion (A): Soap has good cleansing action.
Reason (R): Soap has short chain of hydrocarbon which acts as hydrophobic and long ionic part which acts as hydrophilic.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.

Explanation:
1. Soap does clean well, so A is true.
2. Soap has a long hydrocarbon chain (hydrophobic) and a short ionic part (hydrophilic), so R is false.

Teacher's Note:
1. The tail is long, the head is short.
2. Check the order of long and short in R.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for Class 10 Science Chapter 04 Carbon and its Compounds

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