CBSE Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds MCQs Set 12

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for Class 10 Science: Chapter 04 Carbon and its Compounds

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Practice Chapter 04 Carbon and its Compounds MCQs for Class 10 Science

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This Class 10 Science set has 35 multiple choice questions on Carbon and Its Compounds, and every question comes with the answer, a short explanation in steps and a teacher's note. It checks the structure of diamond and amorphous carbon, general formulae of the homologous series, hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, functional groups and esters, and the salts that make water hard, followed by 7 assertion-reason questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which of the following is an example of amorphous form of carbon?
(a) Wood
(b) Oil
(c) Chalk
(d) Coke
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Coke

Explanation:
1. Coke is amorphous carbon obtained by heating coal in the absence of air.
2. Wood, oil and chalk are not elemental carbon.

Teacher's Note:
1. Coal, coke, charcoal and lampblack are amorphous.
2. Crystalline forms are diamond, graphite and fullerenes.

Question 2: A molecule of ammonia (NH3) has
(a) only single bonds
(b) only double bonds
(c) only triple bonds
(d) two double bonds and one single bond
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) only single bonds

Explanation:
1. Nitrogen has five valence electrons and shares three of them with three hydrogen atoms.
2. This gives three N–H single bonds and one lone pair on nitrogen.

Teacher's Note:
1. Draw the electron dot structure first and count the shared pairs.
2. A lone pair is not a bond.

Question 3: Which of the following is correct about the structure of diamond?
(a) Carbon atoms are held together by single covalent bonds.
(b) Electrons move freely through the structure.
(c) Layers of atoms slide easily over each other.
(d) Carbon atoms conduct electricity in the molten state.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Carbon atoms are held together by single covalent bonds.

Explanation:
1. In diamond each carbon atom is joined to four others by single covalent bonds in a rigid 3-D lattice.
2. There are no free electrons and no layers, so the other options are wrong.

Teacher's Note:
1. Compare diamond with graphite point by point.
2. Rigid structure means hardness.

Question 4: Which of the following types of binding forces is present in the structure of diamond?
(a) Ionic
(b) van der Waals’
(c) Covalent
(d) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Covalent

Explanation:
1. Every carbon atom in diamond is joined to four others by strong covalent bonds.
2. This gives a giant covalent lattice.

Teacher's Note:
1. Diamond is a giant covalent solid.
2. Graphite also has weak van der Waals forces between layers.

Question 5: Which of the following statements regarding carbon is incorrect?
(a) A single atom of carbon can participate in two double bonds
(b) A single atom of carbon can participate in three single bonds and one double bond
(c) A single atom of carbon can participate in four single bonds
(d) A single atom of carbon can participate in two single bonds and one double bond
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) A single atom of carbon can participate in three single bonds and one double bond

Explanation:
1. Carbon has a valency of four.
2. Three single bonds and one double bond would make five bonds, so this statement is incorrect.

Teacher's Note:
1. Add up the bonds; the total must be four.
2. A double bond counts as two.

Question 6: In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms to form:
(a) a hexagonal array
(b) a rigid three-dimensional structure
(c) a structure in the shape of a football
(d) a structure of a ring
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) a rigid three-dimensional structure

Explanation:
1. Each carbon in diamond is bonded tetrahedrally to four others.
2. This gives a rigid three-dimensional network, which makes diamond very hard.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hexagonal arrays belong to graphite.
2. The football shape is fullerene.

Question 7: Benzene (C6H6) have
(a) 12 covalent bonds
(b) 15 covalent bonds
(c) 18 covalent bounds
(d) 9 covalent bounds
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 15 covalent bonds

Explanation:
1. Benzene has 6 C–H bonds, 3 C–C single bonds and 3 C=C double bonds.
2. Counting each double bond as two covalent bonds gives 6 + 3 + 6 = 15.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count a double bond as two bonds.
2. Draw the Kekulé structure.

Question 8: Pentane has the molecular formula C5H12. It has
(a) 5 covalent bonds
(b) 12 covalent bonds
(c) 16 covalent bonds
(d) 17 covalent bonds
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 16 covalent bonds

Explanation:
1. Pentane has 12 C–H bonds and 4 C–C bonds.
2. The total is 12 + 4 = 16 covalent bonds.

Teacher's Note:
1. For an alkane, bonds = 3n + 1.
2. Draw the structure and count lines.

Question 9: Which of the following is not a characteristic of members of a homologous series?
(a) They possess varying chemical properties.
(b) Their physical properties vary in regular and predictable manner.
(c) Their formulae fit the general molecular formula.
(d) Adjacent members differ by one carbon and two hydrogen atoms.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) They possess varying chemical properties.

Explanation:
1. All members have the same functional group, so their chemical properties are similar, not varying.
2. The other three statements are characteristics of a homologous series.

Teacher's Note:
1. Same functional group means similar chemical properties.
2. Physical properties show a gradation.

Question 10: The table shows six organic compounds A, B, C, D, E and F: A C7H16; B C8H16; C C4H6; D C6H10; E C5H10; F C9H20. Which of the following compounds belong to same homologous series?
(a) E and F
(b) B and C
(c) A and B
(d) C and D
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) C and D

Explanation:
1. C4H6 and C6H10 both fit CnH2n−2, so they are alkynes.
2. A and F are alkanes, and B and E are alkenes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Match each formula with a general formula.
2. Same general formula means same series.

Question 11: What is the general formula of the homologous series to which CH3CH2CH2CH2–OH belongs?
(a) CnH2n + 1OH
(b) CnH2n + 2
(c) CnH2nO
(d) CnH2n + 1CHO
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) CnH2n + 1OH

Explanation:
1. Butanol is C4H9OH, which fits CnH2n+1OH with n = 4.
2. This is the general formula of alcohols.

Teacher's Note:
1. Alcohol = alkyl group + OH.
2. Check with methanol, CH3OH.

Question 12: Which one of the following statements regarding alkanes is false?
(a) Alkanes are non-polar molecules
(b) Alkanes are soluble in water
(c) Alkanes experience dispersion forces
(d) Alkanes have low boiling points
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Alkanes are soluble in water

Explanation:
1. Alkanes are non-polar and do not dissolve in water.
2. So the statement that they are soluble in water is false.

Teacher's Note:
1. Non-polar compounds do not dissolve in polar water.
2. Like dissolves like.

Question 13: Which among the following are unsaturated hydrocarbons? (i) H3C–CH2–CH2–CH3 (ii) H3C–C≡C–CH3 (iii) H3C–CH(CH3)–CH3 (iv) H3C–C(CH3)=CH2
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iv)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) (ii) and (iv)

Explanation:
1. Compound (ii) has a triple bond and compound (iv) has a double bond, so both are unsaturated.
2. Compounds (i) and (iii) have only single bonds.

Teacher's Note:
1. Look for multiple bonds in each structure.
2. Saturated means only single bonds.

Question 14: A hydrocarbon should contain at least how many carbon atoms to show isomerism?
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 1
(d) 6
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 4

Explanation:
1. Butane (C4H10) is the first alkane that can be arranged in more than one way.
2. Hydrocarbons with fewer than 4 carbon atoms have no isomers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Butane has two isomers.
2. Methane, ethane and propane have none.

Question 15: Statement-I: Propene has eight single bonds and one double bond. Statement-II: It is a saturated organic compound. Choose the correct option.
(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct.
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are incorrect.
(c) Statement-I is correct and Statement-II is incorrect.
(d) Statement-I is incorrect and Statement-II is correct.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are incorrect.

Explanation:
1. Propene, CH3–CH=CH2, has 6 C–H bonds and 1 C–C bond (7 single bonds) and 1 C=C double bond, so Statement-I is wrong.
2. It has a double bond, so it is unsaturated and Statement-II is wrong.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count each type of bond separately.
2. A double bond means unsaturated.

Question 16: 1 mole of ethene and 1 mole of ethyne are separately to completely undergo addition reaction to form the respective saturated compound. Which of the following will be DIFFERENT for the two reactions? (P) The number of moles of the saturated compound formed. (Q) The number of moles of the hydrogen consumed.
(a) Only (P)
(b) Only (Q)
(c) Both (P) and (Q)
(d) Neither (P) nor (Q)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Only (Q)

Explanation:
1. 1 mole of ethene gives 1 mole of ethane using 1 mole of H2.
2. 1 mole of ethyne gives 1 mole of ethane using 2 moles of H2, so only the hydrogen consumed differs.

Teacher's Note:
1. A double bond takes one H2; a triple bond takes two.
2. Both reactions end in ethane.

Question 17: Hydrocarbons 'X' and 'Y' have the general formula of CnH2n and CnH2n−2 respectively and are hydrogenated in the presence of either nickel or palladium catalyst. Which one of the following options shows the number of moles of hydrogen required to completely saturate 1 mole of compounds 'X' and 'Y'?
(a) X: 1 mole, Y: 1 mole
(b) X: 1 mole, Y: 2 moles
(c) X: 2 moles, Y: 1 mole
(d) X: 2 moles, Y: 2 moles
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) X: 1 mole, Y: 2 moles

Explanation:
1. CnH2n is an alkene with one double bond and takes 1 mole of H2.
2. CnH2n−2 is an alkyne with one triple bond and takes 2 moles of H2.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count the multiple bonds from the general formula.
2. An alkane is reached when no multiple bond is left.

Question 18: Oils on treating with hydrogen in the presence of palladium or nickel catalyst form fats. This is an example of
(a) Addition reaction
(b) Substitution reaction
(c) Displacement reaction
(d) Oxidation reaction
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Addition reaction

Explanation:
1. Unsaturated oils add hydrogen across their C=C double bonds.
2. Adding atoms to an unsaturated molecule is an addition reaction (hydrogenation).

Teacher's Note:
1. This is how vanaspati ghee is made.
2. Nickel is the usual catalyst.

Question 19: When ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol, a sweet smelling product is formed. The functional group in the product is
(a) aldehyde
(b) ketone
(c) alcohol
(d) ester
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) ester

Explanation:
1. Ethanoic acid and ethanol react to form ethyl ethanoate, an ester.
2. Esters have a sweet fruity smell.

Teacher's Note:
1. Acid + alcohol gives an ester.
2. This is called esterification.

Question 20: A sweet smelling compound formed by reacting acetic acid with ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid is
(a) CH3COOC2H5
(b) C2H5COOH
(c) C2H5COOCH3
(d) CH3OH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) CH3COOC2H5

Explanation:
1. CH3COOH + C2H5OH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O.
2. The ester ethyl ethanoate has a sweet fruity smell.

Teacher's Note:
1. The acid catalyst is conc. H2SO4.
2. Ester names come from alcohol then acid.

Question 21: The functional group represent alcohol is –
(a) – OH
(b) – CHO
(c) – COOH
(d) > C = O
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) – OH

Explanation:
1. The functional group of alcohols is the hydroxyl group, –OH.
2. –CHO is aldehyde, –COOH is carboxylic acid and >C=O is ketone.

Teacher's Note:
1. Name the suffix: –ol means –OH.
2. Learn the four main functional groups.

Question 22: Butanone is four-carbon compound with the functional group :
(a) carboxylic acid
(b) aldehyde
(c) ketone
(d) alcohol
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) ketone

Explanation:
1. The suffix ‘-one’ shows the ketone group, >C=O.
2. Butanone is CH3COCH2CH3.

Teacher's Note:
1. Suffix –one means ketone.
2. –al is aldehyde, –oic acid is carboxylic acid.

Question 23: An organic compound 'X' is an essential component of wine and beer. Compound 'X' on oxidation gives an organic acid 'Y' which is present in vinegar. The compound 'X' is,
(a) Methanol
(b) Ethanol
(c) Propanol
(d) Propanal
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Ethanol

Explanation:
1. Wine and beer contain ethanol.
2. Its oxidation gives ethanoic acid, the acid present in vinegar.

Teacher's Note:
1. Alcoholic drinks contain ethanol.
2. Vinegar contains ethanoic acid.

Question 24: Match the Column-I with Column-II. P. Alcohol Q. Ketone R. Aldehyde S. Carboxylic acid with (i) -al (ii) -one (iii) -ol (iv) -oic acid
(a) P-(i), Q-(ii), R-(iii), S-(iv)
(b) P-(ii), Q-(i), R-(iv), S-(iii)
(c) P-(iv), Q-(iii), R-(ii), S-(i)
(d) P-(iii), Q-(ii), R-(i), S-(iv)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) P-(iii), Q-(ii), R-(i), S-(iv)

Explanation:
1. Alcohols end in -ol, ketones in -one, aldehydes in -al and carboxylic acids in -oic acid.
2. So the matching is P-(iii), Q-(ii), R-(i), S-(iv).

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the suffix of each functional group.
2. Match one pair at a time and eliminate options.

Question 25: Match the Column-I with Column-II. P. CH3COOH + C2H5OH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (acid catalyst) Q. CH2=CH2 + H2 → CH3–CH3 (Ni) R. CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl (sunlight) S. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O with (i) Addition reaction (ii) Substitution reaction (iii) Neutralisation reaction (iv) Esterification reaction
(a) P-(iii), Q-(iv), R-(i), S-(ii)
(b) P-(i), Q-(iii), R-(iv), S-(ii)
(c) P-(iv), Q-(i), R-(ii), S-(iii)
(d) P-(ii), Q-(iv), R-(i), S-(iii)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) P-(iv), Q-(i), R-(ii), S-(iii)

Explanation:
1. P forms an ester from an acid and an alcohol, so it is esterification.
2. Q adds H2 (addition), R replaces H by Cl (substitution) and S is acid + base (neutralisation).

Teacher's Note:
1. Name each reaction by what happens to the atoms.
2. Neutralisation gives salt and water.

Question 26: The second student recorded the following observations after adding five drops of soap solution and detergent solution to two test tubes containing hard water. (I) Both the test tubes had an equal amount of foam. (II) The test tube in which soap was added had less amount of foam. (III) The test tubes in which detergent was added had less amount of foam. (IV) A curdy solid was formed in the test tube in which soap was added. Select the INCORRECT observations:
(a) Both (I) and (III)
(b) Both (I) and (IV)
(c) Both (II) and (IV)
(d) Both (III) and (IV)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both (I) and (III)

Explanation:
1. In hard water, soap forms scum and little foam, while detergent forms plenty of foam.
2. So (II) and (IV) are correct, and (I) and (III) are incorrect.

Teacher's Note:
1. Detergents work in hard water; soaps do not.
2. Pick the statements that contradict this.

Question 27: Which among the following salts when dissolved in water produce hard water?
(a) CaSO4
(b) Mg(HCO3)2
(c) CaCl2
(d) Any of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Any of the above

Explanation:
1. Hardness of water is caused by dissolved calcium and magnesium salts.
2. CaSO4, Mg(HCO3)2 and CaCl2 all make water hard.

Teacher's Note:
1. Look for Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions.
2. Bicarbonates give temporary hardness.

Question 28: Soap does not form lather with hard water because hard water contains: (i) Sodium chloride (ii) Magnesium bicarbonate (iii) Chlorides of calcium and magnesium (iv) Sulphates of calcium and magnesium. Which of these statements are correct?
(a) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(d) All are correct
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) (ii), (iii) and (iv)

Explanation:
1. Hard water contains bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium.
2. Sodium chloride does not cause hardness.

Teacher's Note:
1. Only Ca and Mg salts cause hardness.
2. Sodium salts do not.

Assertion–Reason Questions

Question 29:
Assertion (A): Chemical bonds in organic compounds are covalent in nature.
Reason (R): Covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons in the bonding atoms.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Carbon and the atoms it bonds with share electrons, so the bonds are covalent.
2. R states how a covalent bond forms and so explains A.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sharing of electrons gives a covalent bond.
2. Transfer of electrons gives an ionic bond.

Question 30:
Assertion (A): Carbon shows maximum catenation property in the periodic table.
Reason (R): Carbon has small size and thus, forms strong C–C bond.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Carbon is small, so its C–C bonds are very strong and stable, allowing long chains.
2. So R explains why carbon shows maximum catenation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Small size means strong bonds.
2. Silicon shows little catenation.

Question 31:
Assertion (A): In alkanes, alkenes and alkynes the valency of carbon is always four.
Reason (R): All hydrocarbons except alkanes contain double bonds.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.

Explanation:
1. Carbon is tetravalent in every compound, so A is true.
2. Only alkenes have double bonds (alkynes have triple bonds), so R is false.

Teacher's Note:
1. Valency stays four whatever the bond type.
2. Alkynes have triple bonds.

Question 32:
Assertion (A): Both aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl group.
Reason (R): In aldehydes, the functional group is attached to at least one hydrogen atom.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Both contain the carbonyl group C=O, so A is true.
2. R is also true, but it only describes an aldehyde and does not explain A.

Teacher's Note:
1. Aldehyde: –CHO. Ketone: >C=O.
2. R is a difference, not a reason.

Question 33:
Assertion (A): Ethanoic acid is called as glacial acetic acid.
Reason (R): On cooling it freezes to form ice-like flakes. They appear like glaciers.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
1. Pure ethanoic acid freezes at about 290 K into ice-like crystals.
2. These look like glaciers, so R explains the name in A.

Teacher's Note:
1. Glacial refers to the ice-like appearance.
2. Pure acid melts at 290 K.

Question 34:
Assertion (A): The functional group present in alcohols is –OH.
Reason (R): It is the same group as present in water, hence water and alcohol have similar properties.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.

Explanation:
1. The functional group of alcohols is –OH, so A is true.
2. Alcohols and water have different properties, so R is false.

Teacher's Note:
1. –OH in alcohol is attached to a carbon chain.
2. Properties differ from water.

Question 35:
Assertion (A): Detergents are better cleansing agent than soaps.
Reason (R): It is because they work with soft water.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false.

Explanation:
1. Detergents are better because they also work in hard water, where soaps form scum, so A is true.
2. Working with soft water is true of soaps too and is not the reason, so R is false.

Teacher's Note:
1. The advantage is in hard water.
2. Both work in soft water.

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