Samacheer Kalvi Class 7 English Solutions Term 3 Chapter 2 A Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery

Warm Up (Text Book Page No. 105)

 

Question 1. What makes a personal hero?
Answer: A hero is someone who shows great courage and skill. They perform brave actions and have good qualities. They care about others, are good, and act responsibly. Heroes often inspire others to be better versions of themselves.
In simple words: A hero is a brave, skilled, and selfless person who does good deeds and takes responsibility.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing a hero, focus on qualities like courage, selflessness, and their positive impact on others.

 

Question 2. How do heroes make a difference?
Answer: Heroes are created through their actions, not born that way. They achieve great things and have kind spirits. Their hard work and dedication make them exceptional and memorable. Their influence often leads to positive change in society and inspires others to achieve their goals.
In simple words: Heroes make a difference by achieving great things through their actions and inspiring others to be better.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight that heroes are defined by their deeds and character, not just their birth, and emphasize their lasting impact.

 

Question 3. Does every hero have to fight or risk their life?
Answer: Yes, heroes often take risks. They are unselfish and ready to struggle for change. They go through many difficulties. They stand up against wrong things in society and unfairness. True heroes are defined by their courage to act and make a difference, even when it means facing danger.
In simple words: Yes, heroes often take risks and face hardships to fight for what is right, sometimes risking their lives.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that courage and selflessness are key traits, often involving personal risk for the greater good.

Think and Answer:

 

Question 1. Can you think of a situation in which taking a small action would make a big difference?
Answer: Small actions like feeding hungry people, helping those in need, giving shelter to poor people, or teaching children who don't have much can make a huge difference. Every little act of kindness contributes to a better world and shows the power of individual effort.
In simple words: Small acts like feeding the hungry or helping needy children can create a big positive change.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide concrete examples of small acts and clearly explain how they lead to significant positive outcomes.

 

Question 2. What about everyday heroes who do small but important acts?
Answer: Everyday heroes include firefighters, social workers, and people who help during natural disasters. Medical staff who care for patients and soldiers who protect our country are also real heroes. These individuals make a big impact in simple, daily ways, often without seeking recognition.
In simple words: Firefighters, doctors, social workers, and soldiers are everyday heroes who do important work.

🎯 Exam Tip: List specific examples of professions or roles that embody everyday heroism, showing that not all heroes wear capes.

 

Question 3. Are these people really heroes?
Answer: Yes, these people are truly heroes. They leave lasting good memories and work to improve the nation. They risk their own lives to keep others safe. Such unselfish people make our country better. They are humble, strong but not mean, and kind but not weak. They don't need special powers; they are the true builders of the nation through their consistent positive impact.
In simple words: Yes, people who do good things for the nation and risk their lives for others are real heroes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Reiterate that heroism comes from character and actions, not superpowers, and emphasize their foundational role in society.

Textual Questions (Text Book Page No. 107)

Discuss and Answer:

 

Question 1. How did Neerja save the Americans?
Answer: Neerja Bhanot saved the Americans by gathering their passports. She then cleverly hid these passports and threw them down the rubbish chute. Because of her quick thinking, 39 out of 41 Americans were rescued. This action prevented the terrorists from identifying American citizens among the passengers.
In simple words: Neerja saved Americans by hiding their passports and getting rid of them so terrorists could not find them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Neerja's specific actions-collecting, hiding, and discarding passports-and the direct positive outcome.

 

Question 2. Why did Neerja alert the pilots?
Answer: Neerja alerted the pilots by using a special code. She did this because the plane could not take off without the pilots. This warning allowed the pilots to escape and grounded the aircraft. Her quick action prevented the plane from being flown by hijackers, thus protecting many lives.
In simple words: Neerja alerted the pilots with a code so they could escape, which stopped the plane from taking off.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain both *how* she alerted them (code) and *why* (to prevent takeoff), highlighting the consequence of her action.

 

Question 3. What happened when the terrorists lost their patience?
Answer: When the terrorists became impatient, they got angry and started shooting at the passengers. This was a terrifying moment for everyone on board. Their loss of patience led to extreme violence.
In simple words: When the terrorists lost patience, they got angry and began shooting at the passengers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the terrorists' emotional state and their violent reaction clearly.

Section - II

Textual Questions (Text Book Page No. 109)

Discuss and Answer:

 

Question 1. Name the schools and colleges Neerja studied in.
Answer: Neerja studied up to 6th standard at Sacred Heart School in Chandigarh. After that, she went to Bombay Scottish School in Mumbai. She later earned her college degree from St. Xavier's College, also in Mumbai. These institutions shaped her early education and path.
In simple words: Neerja studied at Sacred Heart School, Bombay Scottish School, and St. Xavier's College.

🎯 Exam Tip: List all the educational institutions mentioned, ensuring accuracy of names and locations.

 

Question 2. Why was Neerja sent to London?
Answer: Neerja was sent to London for training. She needed this training to become a purser for Pan Am airways. Pursers are important members of the cabin crew responsible for managing the flight. This step was crucial for her career advancement.
In simple words: Neerja went to London to train as a purser for Pan Am airways.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state her destination (London), the purpose (training), and her future role (purser for Pan Am).

 

Question 3. What is the duty of a purser?
Answer: A purser acts as a manager on a flight. Their duties include managing passenger complaints, making necessary announcements, and ensuring security. They play a key role in the smooth operation of the flight and passenger safety.
In simple words: A purser manages the flight, handles passenger complaints, makes announcements, and looks after security.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the primary responsibilities of a purser, focusing on their managerial and safety roles.

Section - III

Textual Questions (Text Book Page No. 110)

Discuss and Answer:

 

Question 1. Why was Neerja awarded the Asok Chakra?
Answer: Neerja was given the Ashok Chakra because her bravery was recognized and honored. This award is India's highest award for courage shown during peacetime. She was the youngest civilian ever to receive this prestigious honor, a testament to her extraordinary courage.
In simple words: Neerja was awarded the Ashok Chakra because of her exceptional bravery during peacetime, becoming the youngest civilian to get it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the reason for the award (bravery) and its significance (India's highest peacetime honor, youngest civilian recipient).

 

Question 2. How was Neerja honoured by various governments?
Answer: Various governments honored Neerja for her bravery. The Indian Government awarded her the Ashok Chakra. The American Government gave her the 'Justice for Crimes Award'. The Pakistan Government honored her with the Tamgha-e-Insaniyat Award. These awards recognized her courage across different nations and highlighted her global impact.
In simple words: India gave her Ashok Chakra, America gave 'Justice for Crimes Award', and Pakistan gave Tamgha-e-Insaniyat Award.

🎯 Exam Tip: List each government and the specific award they bestowed upon Neerja.

 

Question 3. What are the selection criteria for the Neerja Bhanot Pan Am award?
Answer: The Neerja Bhanot Pan Am trust gives two types of awards. One award honors a flight crew member who goes beyond their normal duties. Another award is given to an Indian woman who fights social unfairness and helps other women facing similar problems. Both awards celebrate courage and service, reflecting Neerja's own values.
In simple words: One award is for flight crew who go beyond duty, and another is for Indian women who fight social injustice and help others.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between the two categories of awards and their respective criteria.

Think and Answer. (Text Book Page No. 111)

 

Question 1. According to Neerja's father, Neerja had well-defined principles and there was little room for compromise in that area. Do you have any principles where you don't want to compromise?
Answer: Yes, everyone should have strong beliefs they won't change. For example, students should always aim to be honest, avoid cheating in tests, and never steal from others. Showing respect to teachers and parents, and obeying elders are also important principles for everyone to follow. Sticking to these values helps build a good character and maintain integrity.
In simple words: Yes, principles like honesty, not cheating or stealing, respecting elders, and following rules are ones I would not compromise on.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing personal principles, provide concrete examples that are relatable and universally understood as good values.

 

Question 2. Virinda told the Indian Express that Neerja was a loyal friend. Are you always loyal to your friend?
Answer: Yes, being loyal to friends is very important. We should share good books with them and help them whenever they need it. It's also our duty to gently correct them if they make a mistake and guide them when they feel lost. True friendship means supporting each other through everything, building a strong bond of trust.
In simple words: Yes, I am loyal to my friends; I help them, share with them, and guide them when needed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize active loyalty by listing supportive actions like sharing, helping, and guiding friends.

 

Question 3. Neerja would speak her mind, tell them the truth, according to one of her classmates Eliza Do you always have the courage to stand for the truth?
Answer: Yes, it is very important to have the courage to speak your mind and tell the truth. Even when it is difficult, standing up for what is right helps build trust and makes things better for everyone. It shows true strength of character to always be truthful, even in challenging situations. This honesty helps create a more just environment.
In simple words: Yes, I try to always have the courage to speak my mind and stand for the truth, even when it is hard.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the importance of courage in truth-telling and how it contributes to trust and fairness.

Mahatma Gandhi refused to say any lies in his life. He was successful in his freedom struggle. Like him, people who are truthful will always win even if they come across some difficulty in their efforts. A truthful person has a free conscience and a brave heart. He has no fear.

Read and Understand

A. Fill in the blanks.

 

Question 1. The terrorists asked Neerja to collect the passports of the passengers because
Answer: The terrorists asked Neerja to gather the passengers' passports because they intended to identify and harm the American passengers. This act was part of their plan to gain control and instill fear, which Neerja bravely thwarted.
In simple words: Terrorists asked Neerja for passports because they wanted to target the American passengers.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the direct reason for the terrorists' demand, linking it to their specific target.

 

Question 2. Neerja passed on the warning in a code to the pilots because she
Answer: Neerja gave a warning to the pilots using a special code because she wanted them to escape. Her quick thinking helped ground the plane and prevent it from being flown away by the hijackers. This action saved many lives on board.
In simple words: Neerja warned the pilots with a code because she wanted them to escape.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the reason behind Neerja's action (to help pilots escape) and its immediate impact (plane grounded).

 

Question 3. Neerja leapt into action when she saw the danger
Answer: Neerja quickly took action when she realized the danger. She understood the serious threat and responded immediately to help the passengers. Her swift response was crucial in the chaotic situation.
In simple words: Neerja acted fast when she saw the danger.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use strong verbs to describe Neerja's immediate and decisive response to the unfolding danger.

 

Question 4. Neerja had a sour marriage due to dowry harassment
Answer: Neerja's marriage was unhappy because of dowry harassment. This sad situation led to the breakdown of her personal life and prompted her to seek a career. Her strength in leaving such a situation highlights her resilient spirit.
In simple words: Neerja's marriage was bad because she was harassed for dowry.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the specific cause of her "sour marriage" directly as mentioned in the text.

 

Question 5. Neerja was sent to London based on training to be a purser
Answer: Neerja was sent to London for training to become a purser for Pan Am Airways. This opportunity marked a new chapter in her professional life. Her selection for this role showed her capabilities and potential.
In simple words: Neerja was sent to London to get trained as a purser for Pan Am Airways.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the purpose of her trip to London as being for purser training.

B. Think and write.

 

Question 1. “I will die; but not run away" – Justify the saying of Neerja.
Answer: Yes, Neerja Bhanot truly lived by her words, "I will die; but not run away." She knew the escape routes on the plane very well and could have saved herself. However, she chose to stay and help others, ultimately sacrificing her life instead of fleeing. Her bravery in the face of danger showed her unwavering commitment to her passengers and her duty.
In simple words: Neerja truly meant what she said because she stayed to save others and died, even though she knew how to escape.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain how Neerja's actions during the hijacking directly demonstrated her commitment to her words, emphasizing her self-sacrifice.

 

Question 2. Why did the three governments of – India, America, and Pakistan – honour Neerja?
Answer: Neerja was honored by three governments because of her actions. The Indian government honored her because she was an Indian citizen. The Pakistani government honored her because the hijacking happened in Pakistan. Finally, the American government honored her because she protected American passengers whom the terrorists had targeted. Her courage had an impact across nations, transcending borders.
In simple words: India honored Neerja because she was Indian, Pakistan because the event happened there, and America because she saved American passengers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a distinct reason for each government's recognition, connecting it to their national interest or location of the incident.

 

Question 3. How can we abolish terrorism?
Answer: To end terrorism, we need to prevent unemployed young people from being misled into joining terrorist groups. Providing jobs for youth in rural areas and hill regions is important. The country's security needs to be improved, and watchful monitoring across the nation must be made stronger. These steps can help in fighting terrorism by addressing its root causes and strengthening defense.
In simple words: We can stop terrorism by giving jobs to young people, improving security, and keeping a close watch across the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Suggest both social (employment for youth) and security (vigilance, tightened security) measures to tackle terrorism effectively.

C. Read the "Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery" Once again and complete the flow chart.

 

Question D. Write a summary based on the flow chart.
Answer: Neerja Bhanot sacrificed her life while trying to prevent the hijacking of a plane. After finishing her studies, she had an unhappy marriage, which led her to leave her husband and start a career. She first worked as a model, then became a cabin manager. When the plane was hijacked, she quickly alerted the pilots to escape, which prevented the plane from taking off. She then tried to evacuate the passengers, but the terrorists opened fire. She died from bullet injuries. For her bravery, she was awarded the Ashok Chakra Award, the Justice for Crimes Award, and the Tamgha-e-Insaniyat Award. A postage stamp was issued in her honor in 2004, and a square in Mumbai was named after her. Neerja's legacy continues to inspire many with her courage.
In simple words: Neerja Bhanot sacrificed her life during a plane hijacking. She was a cabin manager who saved passengers. She had an unhappy marriage and became a model then a purser. She received many awards like the Ashok Chakra for her bravery.

🎯 Exam Tip: Structure the summary chronologically, covering key life events, actions during the hijacking, and subsequent recognitions, ensuring all main points are included.

Vocabulary

E. Fill in the blanks with appropriate airline vocabulary given in the box.

 

Question E. Fill in the blanks with appropriate airline vocabulary given in the box.
Answer:
1. You must present the boarding pass at the gate.
2. It might be a turbulent ride because we are flying through a storm.
3. If you need anything just press the call light.
4. The captain and the co-pilot set in the cockpit.
5. Gate 3B is down this hall and to your right.
6. We will be landing in Chennai in approximately ten minutes.
7. The plane almost missed the bumpy because it was such a bad storm.
8. We are next in line to touch down on this runway.
9. That was a very smooth take-off.
10. This runway should only last a few minutes.
In simple words: We need a `boarding pass` to enter, `turbulence` for a rough ride. `Call light` helps us get attention. Pilots sit in the `cockpit`. `Gate` shows where to go. Planes `landing` and `taking off` are part of every journey, and sometimes a `runway` is used.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the specific context for each blank to choose the most fitting airline term. Pay attention to common phrases like "turbulent ride" or "call light."

F. Match the phrasal verbs in column A with their meaning in Column B.

 

Question F. Match the phrasal verbs in column A with their meaning in Column B.
Answer:

In simple words: This activity matches common phrasal verbs with their meanings. For example, "fight or flight" describes a choice to defend or run, while "take flight" means to escape.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the nuance of each phrasal verb, as small changes in wording can alter the meaning significantly. Practice using them in sentences.

G. Find out the anagrams. Use each pair of phrases as clues. (Text Book Page No. 114)

 

Question G. Find out the anagrams. Use each pair of phrases as clues.
Answer:
(i) The past tense of a leap
Answer: leaped
Something to serve food on
Answer: Plate
(ii) A place to grow flowers
Answer: garden
Something to be careful of
Answer: danger
(iii) Another word for under
Answer: below
A part of your arm
Answer: elbow
(iv) Try to hear
Answer: listen
Another word for quiet
Answer: silent
(v) Another word for gift
Answer: Present
A large snake or a dragon
Answer: serpent
(vi) Minutes and hours
Answer: Time
A thing on a list
Answer: item
(vii) An organ that pumps blood
Answer: heart
The planet we live on
Answer: earth
(viii) Something used to water plants
Answer: hose
A thing you put on your foot
Answer: shoe
In simple words: This exercise shows how letters in one word can be rearranged to form another word. Each pair of clues helps you find two words that are anagrams of each other.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read both clues carefully to get hints about the two anagrams. Think about words with similar letters that fit both meanings.

Listening

H. Listen to the announcements and answer the questions (Text for listening is in page number -155)

H. Announcement-1

 

Question 1. What is the number of the flight?
Answer: The flight number is 89 B. Knowing the flight number helps passengers find their correct plane and gate easily. It's crucial for smooth travel.
In simple words: The flight number is 89 B.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listen carefully for specific details like numbers and letters when identifying flight information in announcements.

 

Question 2. What are the things to be kept ready?
Answer: Passengers should have their boarding pass and identification ready. These documents are needed for checking in and boarding the flight. Keeping them handy speeds up the process for everyone.
In simple words: Passengers need to keep their boarding pass and identification ready.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that both a boarding pass and a form of identification are essential for air travel.

 

Question 3. When will the regular boarding begin?
Answer: The regular boarding process will start in ten minutes. Passengers should prepare to board soon. This gives them a short window to make final preparations.
In simple words: Regular boarding will start in ten minutes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to time references in announcements, especially for boarding times, to avoid missing your flight.

Announcement - 2

 

Question 1. For whom is the final boarding call?
Answer: The last boarding call is for two passengers named Alex and Ruskin. They need to board the plane right away. This is usually announced for passengers who have not yet reached the gate.
In simple words: The final boarding call is for passengers Alex and Ruskin.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note specific names mentioned in final boarding calls, as these indicate the last chance to board for those individuals.

 

Question 2. Where should the passengers proceed?
Answer: The passengers should go straight to gate 3 without delay. This is where their flight will be boarding. Quick movement helps ensure the flight departs on time.
In simple words: Passengers should go to gate 3 immediately.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the gate number mentioned for boarding to avoid confusion and reach on time.

 

Question 3. Where is the flight to?
Answer: The flight is heading to New Delhi. That is the final destination for this journey. Passengers should confirm this destination matches their travel plans.
In simple words: The plane is going to New Delhi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Double-check the destination mentioned in flight announcements to ensure you are on the correct flight.

Announcement - 3

 

Question 1. When will the flight be in the air?
Answer: The flight is expected to take off and be in the air within the next seven minutes. Passengers should ensure all their belongings are secure. This short waiting period is for final checks.
In simple words: The flight is expected to be in the air in seven minutes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the expected take-off time to understand when the flight will depart, especially for short delays.

 

Question 2. What are the things that should be turned off?
Answer: All cell phones and electronic devices must be turned off during take-off. This is a safety rule to prevent interference with the aircraft's systems. Following this rule ensures a safer flight for everyone.
In simple words: Cell phones and all electronic devices should be turned off during take-off.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to switch off all electronic devices during take-off and landing for flight safety.

 

Question 3. What is prohibited during the flight?
Answer: Using cell phones or smoking is generally prohibited during the flight. Passengers must also keep their seatbelts fastened when required. These rules are in place to ensure the safety and comfort of all passengers. Adhering to them is a must.
In simple words: Using cell phones and smoking are not allowed during the flight.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always be aware of and follow flight prohibitions, such as those against smoking and using specific electronic devices, for a smooth journey.

 

Speaking

 

J. Imagine That You Are Going to Interview One of the Survivors of the Pan Am Hijack. Discuss with Your Partner and Write Down the Conversation. Then One of You Play the Role of the Interviewer and Other the Survivor. You Can Use the Sample Questions Given Below. (Text Book Page No. 116)

 

Question 1. Do you have any information regarding the suspects of the hijack?
Answer: The hijackers wanted the plane to fly to Israel and crash it against a building. This was their main goal for the hijacking. Knowing the hijackers' intentions is important for understanding the scope of the incident.
In simple words: The hijackers planned to crash the plane into a building in Israel.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering about motivations, state the primary objective clearly and concisely.

 

Question 2. Which countries did the passengers belong to?
Answer: The passengers came from various countries. They included people from India, Germany, America, and Pakistan, among others. Many different nationalities were on board, making the rescue efforts complex.
In simple words: Passengers were from many countries, including India, Germany, America, and Pakistan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing specific examples helps provide a complete and accurate answer when describing groups of people or items.

 

Question 3. What are the details of the hijacked flights?
Answer: The aircraft was Pan Am 73, carrying 360 passengers. It started its journey from Mumbai and was headed to the United States. The plane had stopped at Karachi airport where armed terrorists then hijacked it. This tragic event happened at Karachi, a major transit point.
In simple words: Pan Am 73, with 360 people, was hijacked by armed terrorists at Karachi airport while on its way from Mumbai to the United States.

🎯 Exam Tip: Include key facts like the flight number, passenger count, origin, destination, and location of the incident for a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 4. How many passengers were on board?
Answer: There were 360 passengers on board the flight. This large number made the rescue efforts even more challenging for the crew.
In simple words: The plane had 360 passengers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always provide exact numbers when they are available and relevant to the question.

 

Question 5. What happened in the last few minutes of the hijack drama?
Answer: After 17 hours, the plane ran out of power. The terrorists then opened fire on the passengers, causing chaos on board. Neerja tried her best to help the passengers escape. This was a very tense and dangerous time for everyone, showing extreme bravery from the crew.
In simple words: The plane lost power after 17 hours, terrorists shot at passengers, and Neerja tried to help them escape.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the sequence of events clearly, focusing on key actions and their immediate consequences.

 

Question 6. Do you have information regarding the victims?
Answer: The given book does not provide any specific information about the victims. Therefore, we do not have details regarding who they were or their exact numbers. It mainly focuses on Neerja's actions and bravery.
In simple words: The book does not give any information about the victims.

🎯 Exam Tip: When a question asks for information not provided in the text, simply state that the information is not available.

 

Question 7. Was there any recorded communication to/from the plane during the hijacking?
Answer: Usually, a voice recorder inside the black box records all communication. This black box is typically found in the tail of an aircraft. Therefore, it is possible that recorded communication from the hijacking could have been recovered. Such recordings are crucial for investigations into air incidents.
In simple words: A voice recorder in the black box usually records communication, so it's possible that recordings from the hijacking could have been found.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the general practice or mechanism related to the question, even if specific details are not provided for the incident.

 

Question 8. How many terrorists were there?
Answer: There were four terrorists involved in the hijacking. This small group caused a significant amount of terror and danger on the flight.
In simple words: There were four terrorists.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide numerical answers clearly and directly when they are the focus of the question.

 

Question 9. How did you feel when you were on the flight?
Answer: Being on the flight during the hijacking was a terrible experience. I felt very scared and was in a state of extreme fear. Such a situation would be terrifying for anyone present.
In simple words: I felt terrible and very scared during the flight.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about feelings, use strong descriptive words that clearly convey the emotions. For subjective questions, describe the likely emotional response.

 

Question 10. Can you recall Neerja's role in safeguarding the passengers?
Answer: Neerja's service was truly selfless and noble. She acted heroically, showing no fear and staying alert and sensible throughout the crisis. This brave individual sacrificed her own life to help others. Her quick thinking saved many lives and made her a true hero.
In simple words: Neerja was selfless and brave; she was fearless, alert, and sensible, even giving her life to save others.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight key character traits and specific actions when describing someone's role in a difficult situation.

 

Use Grammar

 

L. Discuss with Your Partner and Punctuate the Following. (Text Book Page No. 117)

 

Question 1. the woman said to the student please help me cross the street
Answer: The woman said to the student, “Please help me cross the street.”
In simple words: Add quotation marks around the spoken words and capitalize the first letter of the sentence inside the quotes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to use quotation marks for direct speech and capitalize the first word within the quotes. The comma before the quote is also important.

 

Question 2. sarathy said oh how thrilling it was
Answer: Sarthy said, "Oh! How thrilling it was!"
In simple words: Use quotation marks for spoken words and an exclamation mark for strong feelings like excitement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Exclamation marks are vital for showing strong emotions in direct speech, like surprise or excitement.

 

Question 3. the teacher said to the students where do you want to go
Answer: The teacher said to the students, "Where do you want to go?"
In simple words: Put the spoken question in quotation marks and end it with a question mark inside the quotes.

🎯 Exam Tip: When reporting a question directly, the question mark goes inside the closing quotation mark.

 

Question 4. i am tired mohana said to her aunt.
Answer: "I am tired," Mohana said to her aunt.
In simple words: Put the spoken words in quotes, add a comma, then the speaker's name. Always capitalize "I".

🎯 Exam Tip: When the speaking tag follows the quote, use a comma before the closing quotation mark, unless it's a question or exclamation.

 

Question 5. shankar said to his teacher madam I had prepared my project assignment but i forgot to bring it
Answer: Shankar said to his teacher, “Madam, I had prepared my project assignment but I forgot to bring it."
In simple words: Put the direct speech in quotes, use a comma after "Madam", and always capitalize the pronoun "I".

🎯 Exam Tip: Always capitalize the pronoun "I" and use proper punctuation (like a comma) when addressing someone directly within a quote.

 

M. Complete the Sentences in Reported Speech. (Text Book Page No. 117)

 

Question 1. "It is too late,” I said that it _______________ too late.
Answer: "It is too late,” I said that it **was** too late.
In simple words: When reporting past speech, change "is" to "was" to match the past tense of the reporting verb.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to shift the tense of the verb when converting direct speech to reported speech, especially when the reporting verb is in the past tense.

 

Question 2. "I met you yesterday.” Sam told me that he had met me _______________ the previous day.
Answer: "I met you yesterday.” Sam told me that he had met me **the previous day**.
In simple words: "Yesterday" changes to "the previous day" in reported speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: Words indicating time (like 'yesterday', 'tomorrow') and place ('here') often change in reported speech.

 

Question 3. "I cannot come,” Mala said that _______________ she could not come.
Answer: "I cannot come,” Mala said that **she could not come**.
In simple words: "Cannot" changes to "could not" and "I" changes to "she" when reporting Mala's speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: Modals like "can" change to "could" in reported speech when the reporting verb is in the past tense.

 

Question 4. I will pay tomorrow. “He said that he would pay _______________ the next day.
Answer: I will pay tomorrow. “He said that he would pay **the next day**.
In simple words: "Tomorrow" becomes "the next day" and "will" becomes "would" in reported speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: Similarly, "will" changes to "would" and "tomorrow" to "the next day" in reported speech for future actions.

 

Question 5. The Himalayas are the highest mountain ranges. He knew that the Himalayas _______________ the highest mountain ranges.
Answer: The Himalayas are the highest mountain ranges. He knew that the Himalayas **are** the highest mountain ranges.
In simple words: General truths or facts do not change tense in reported speech, they stay in the present tense.

🎯 Exam Tip: Universal truths or scientific facts remain in the simple present tense even when reported, as their validity doesn't change.

 

Question 6. I may lend you some money.” Balu Promised _______________ some money.
Answer: I may lend you some money.” Balu Promised **to lend me** some money.
In simple words: "May lend" changes to "to lend" as a promise, and "you" becomes "me" in reported speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: When reporting promises or offers, an infinitive phrase (to + verb) is often used instead of changing modal verbs.

 

Question 7. I have been watching a film." He said that _______________ a film.
Answer: I have been watching a film." He said that **he had been watching** a film.
In simple words: "Have been watching" changes to "had been watching" for past perfect continuous.

🎯 Exam Tip: The present perfect continuous tense (have been + V-ing) changes to the past perfect continuous tense (had been + V-ing) in reported speech.

 

Question 8. I have not done it today.” I explained that I had not done it _______________ that day.
Answer: I have not done it today.” I explained that I had not done it **that day**.
In simple words: "Today" changes to "that day" in reported speech.

🎯 Exam Tip: Like "yesterday" and "tomorrow", "today" also changes to "that day" in reported speech.

 

Question 9. I was with him last week.” Jimmy told that _______________ with him the previous week.
Answer: I was with him last week.” Jimmy told that **he had been** with him the previous week.
In simple words: "Was" changes to "had been" and "last week" to "the previous week".

🎯 Exam Tip: The simple past tense ("was") often shifts to the past perfect tense ("had been") in reported speech.

 

Question 10. I will finish this picture tomorrow.” Jothi said that _______________ picture the next day.
Answer: I will finish this picture tomorrow.” Jothi said that **she would finish that** picture the next day.
In simple words: "Will finish" becomes "would finish," "this" becomes "that," and "tomorrow" becomes "the next day."

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to all the small changes needed in reported speech: pronoun changes, tense shifts, and changes in time/demonstrative words.

 

N. Read the Following Dialogue and Report It.

 

Question. Report the dialogue between Betty and Kitty.
Answer: Betty asked Kitty how she was doing there and added that she had not seen Kitty since June. Kitty explained that she had just come back from her holiday in Darjeeling. Betty then asked if she had enjoyed it. Kitty told her that she loved Darjeeling and that the landscape was amazing. Betty wanted to know if Kitty had gone to the Lloyd's Botanical Garden. Kitty said that it was her first trip and that she could show her some pictures. She then asked Betty if she was free that night. Betty explained that she had to arrange a couple of things but added that she was free that night. Kitty suggested that Betty should come to her place and asked her at what time she would be there. Betty said she would be there at eight and finally asked if it was all right. All these exchanges show how close their friendship was.
In simple words: Betty asked Kitty about her well-being and recent holiday in Darjeeling. They discussed sightseeing, and Kitty invited Betty to her place that evening.

🎯 Exam Tip: When reporting a dialogue, convert all direct questions and statements into indirect (reported) speech, adjusting pronouns, tenses, and time/place references accordingly.

 

Writing

 

O. Read the Story of Neerja Bhanot. Make Notes Based on the Table and Complete It.

 

Question. Complete the table with details about Neerja Bhanot.
Answer:

This table provides a concise overview of Neerja Bhanot's life, highlighting her background, career, and the honors she received for her exceptional bravery and sacrifice. It helps to quickly grasp the key events and achievements of her life.
In simple words: This table summarizes key information about Neerja Bhanot's life, including her family, education, career, and the honors she received for her bravery. It gives a quick overview of her journey and ultimate sacrifice.

🎯 Exam Tip: For note-making from a text, organize information into categories (like in a table) to present facts clearly and concisely. Ensure all relevant details are captured.

 

Creative Writing

 

P. Heroes Are Ordinary People Who Do Extraordinary Things." Write an Anecdote on the Extraordinary Deed of Jaiswal K.P. Who Helped in the Recent Kerala Flood.

 

Use the Tips Given in the Box. (Text Book Page No. 120)

 

Question 1. Who was involved in the story?
Answer: Jaiswal K.P. was the main person involved in this story. He played a crucial role in helping others during the flood. The local fishermen and residents also helped a lot alongside him.
In simple words: Jaiswal K.P. was in the story, along with local fishermen and residents.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly identify the main character and any other significant individuals mentioned in the narrative.

 

Question 2. What, when, where happened?
Answer: In August 2018, there was a severe flood in Kerala due to heavy rainfall. This event caused 483 deaths, and 140 people were reported missing. The flood also caused landslides, and 150,000 people had to be evacuated. Many districts were cut off, making traffic impossible, and coastal areas were submerged. The widespread devastation highlighted the urgent need for community support.
In simple words: In August 2018, a severe flood hit Kerala due to heavy rain, causing deaths, disappearances, landslides, and large evacuations.

🎯 Exam Tip: For "what, when, where" questions, provide specific details for each aspect to give a complete picture of the event.

 

Question 3. How is it relevant?
Answer: J.P. Jaiswal, a resident of Tanur, showed great courage by helping an elderly woman get into an inflatable boat. His actions, along with the extensive help from local fishermen and residents, significantly aided flood victims. This story is relevant because it shows how ordinary people can become heroes during a crisis by helping their community. Their combined efforts saved many lives and inspired others.
In simple words: J.P. Jaiswal and others in Tanur helped flood victims, showing how ordinary people can be heroes in a crisis.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the significance of the event by connecting the actions of individuals to the broader impact and themes (e.g., heroism, community spirit).

 

A Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery Summary in English

A plane, PAN Am Flight 73, was hijacked by terrorists at Karachi airport. Neerja Bhanot bravely tried to save the passengers. She helped the pilots escape and then evacuated many passengers. Sadly, she was hit by terrorist bullets and died, sacrificing her life for others.

Neerja Bhanot had a difficult marriage, which led her to leave her husband and pursue a career. She started as a model and later became the senior-most cabin manager on flights, demonstrating her capability and strength in a challenging field.

Her act of bravery received wide recognition and rewards from the Indian, Pakistani, and American governments. She was posthumously awarded the Ashok Chakra, India's highest peace-time gallantry award, and the 'Justice for Crimes Award' by the American government. Pakistan also honored her with the Tamgha-e-Insaniyat Award. A trust was later formed by her parents in her honor. In 2004, a postage stamp was issued, and a square in Mumbai was named after her, preserving her legacy for generations to come.

 

A Story of Self Sacrifice and Bravery Summary in Tamil

PAN AM Flight 73 என்ற விமானம் கராச்சி விமான நிலையத்தில், தீவிரவாதிகள் கட்டுப்பாட்டுக்குள் வந்தது. நீரஜா பானட் பயணிகளை காக்க விரும்பினாள். பைலட்கள், வெளியேறி தப்பிக்கும்படி செய்தாள். பல பயணிகளை விமானத்திலிருந்து தப்பிக்க வைத்தாள். தீவிரவாதிகளின் துப்பாக்கி குண்டில் பலியாகி இறந்தாள்.

நீரஜா பானட்டின் திருமணம் கசப்பானது. எனவே கணவன் வீட்டை துறந்தாள். மூத்த கேபின் மானேஜராய் விமானக் கம்பெனியில் பணி புரிந்தாள்.

அவளது வீரச் செயல் இந்திய, பாகிஸ்தானிய, அமெரிக்க அரசுகளால் அங்கீகரிக்கப்பட்டு விருதுகள் வழங்கப்பட்டன. அவளுக்கு அசோக சக்கரா விருது கிடைத்தது. 'குற்றங்களுக்கு நீதி' என்ற விருதும் மரணத்திற்கு பின் கிடைத்தது. தம்கா-இ-இன்சானியத் விருதும் கிடைத்தது. அவளது பெற்றோரால் ஓர் அறக்கட்டளை தொடங்கப்பட்டது. நீரஜாவை கௌரவிக்க தபால் தலை இந்தியாவில் வெளியிடப்பட்டது. மும்பையில் ஒரு சதுக்கம் அவள் பெயரால் விளங்குகிறது.