Samacheer Kalvi Class 5 Science Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Our Environment

Column A	Column B
1. Surti	a. Egg
2. White revolution	b. Transportation
3. Layers	c. Leguminous plants
4. Green manure	d. Buffalo
5. Cattle	e. Milk

Answer:
1. Surti - d. Buffalo
2. White revolution - e. Milk
3. Layers - a. Egg
4. Green manure - c. Leguminous plants
5. Cattle - b. Transportation
In simple words: Each item in the first column pairs with a related item in the second column. For example, Surti is a type of buffalo, and the White Revolution is about milk production.

🎯 Exam Tip: When solving matching questions, try to identify the most obvious pairs first to narrow down the choices for the remaining items.

IV. Say True or False:

 

Question 1. Farming is done on a commercial scale.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, farming is often done on a large scale to sell products and make money. This means growing many crops or raising many animals for business.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the difference between subsistence farming (for personal use) and commercial farming (for profit) to correctly answer questions about farming practices.

 

Question 2. Vermicompost caribe used to dean sewage.
Answer: True
In simple words: Vermicompost can be used to help clean sewage and other wastes. Earthworms in vermicompost help break down harmful materials, making the sewage safer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that vermicomposting is not just for fertilizer production; it also plays a role in waste management and bioremediation.

 

Question 3. Leguminous plants fix nitrogen in the leaves of the plants.
Answer: False
Correct Statement: Leguminous plants fix nitrogen in the roots of the plants.
In simple words: Leguminous plants help put nitrogen into the soil, but they do it in their roots, not their leaves. Special bacteria in the root nodules perform this job.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always distinguish between leaves, stems, and roots in biological processes. Nitrogen fixation occurs specifically in the root nodules of leguminous plants.

 

Question 4. Namakkal district is famous for dairy farms.
Answer: False
Correct Statement: Namakkal district is famous for poultry farms.
In simple words: Namakkal district is actually known for its many poultry farms, where chickens are raised for eggs and meat, not primarily for dairy. It is a major center for egg production.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with geographical facts and the industries associated with specific locations. A common error is confusing one type of farming for another.

 

Question 5. Murrah is a buffalo breed.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, Murrah is a well-known type of buffalo. These buffaloes are valued for their high milk production.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with common animal breeds, especially those known for specific agricultural products like milk or meat.

V. Answer Briefly:

 

Question 1. What is farming?
Answer: Farming is the activity of growing crops and raising livestock. It provides food, fibers, and other products for people. This practice is essential for human survival and economic stability.
In simple words: Farming is when people grow plants for food and raise animals. It is how we get most of our food and other important things.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining a term, always include its core components (growing crops, raising animals) and its main purpose (providing food and other products).

 

Question 2. Mention the types of farming.
Answer: There are different types of farming based on their size and scale.

• Large scale farms
• Middle-sized farms
• Small-sized farms

Each type of farm operates differently, from vast commercial operations to family-owned plots.
In simple words: Farming can be big, medium, or small. This just means how much land they use and how many animals or plants they have.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to list types, ensure your answer covers the main categories comprehensively. Using bullet points makes your answer clear and easy to read.

 

Question 3. Write a note on a poultry farm.
Answer: A poultry farm is a place where different kinds of birds, also called avian species, are kept. They are raised and bred to produce eggs, meat, or both. Common birds found on these farms include fowls, ducks, geese, turkeys, and some types of pigeons. Managing a poultry farm well involves good hatching methods, proper care of the birds, clean housing, preventing diseases, and having a good system to sell the products. Good management ensures healthy birds and high yields.
In simple words: A poultry farm raises birds like chickens, ducks, and turkeys to get eggs and meat. It needs good care and clean places to work well.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing a farm type, include what animals are raised, what products are obtained, and key management practices for full marks.

 

Question 4. What is farmyard manure?
Answer: Farmyard manure is a common type of animal waste used to enrich soil. It consists of the feces and urine from different farm animals such as horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens, turkeys, and rabbits. This manure is rich in important nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Adding it to the soil helps the soil hold more water and nutrients, which makes plants grow better. It is a natural way to improve soil health.
In simple words: Farmyard manure is animal waste like dung and urine from many farm animals. It has good nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that help soil and plants grow.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining farmyard manure, highlight its source (animal waste), key nutrient content, and its benefit to soil (improving water and nutrient retention).

 

Question 5. Define vermicompost.
Answer: Vermicomposting is a special way of turning organic waste into rich fertilizer using earthworms. This process, also called vermiculture, can transform materials like waste paper, leaves, and wood pieces into nutrient-filled soil. It is a healthy and clean method to get rid of waste that would otherwise go into landfills, helping to keep the environment clean. Earthworms eat the organic waste and their excretions, called castings, become the valuable vermicompost. It is a sustainable and natural way to create fertilizer.
In simple words: Vermicompost is a good fertilizer made when earthworms eat organic waste like leaves and paper. This process helps to keep our environment clean.

🎯 Exam Tip: In your definition of vermicompost, emphasize the role of earthworms, the type of waste used (organic), and its benefit as a nutrient-rich fertilizer.

VI. Answer in Detail:

 

Question 1. What are the uses of animal products?
Answer: Animal products have many important uses for humans.

• Milk from animals like cows and buffaloes is used to make various dairy products such as cheese, butter, curd, and more.
• Cattle dung serves as manure for farms and can also be used as fuel or to generate biogas.
• Panchagavya, a traditional Ayurvedic medicine, is made from cow dung, urine, milk, curd, jaggery, and ghee, and is used in agriculture to control pests and fungi.
• Leather goods, including shoes, bags, and belts, are made from cattle hides, demonstrating another valuable use.

These products support different aspects of human life, from food to medicine and materials.
In simple words: Animal products are very useful. We get milk for food, dung for fuel and farms, special medicines, and leather for making things.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing uses, provide diverse examples across different categories (food, fuel, medicine, materials) to show a comprehensive understanding.

 

Question 2. How will you manage a poultry farm?
Answer: Managing a poultry farm well is crucial for healthy birds and good production. Poultry birds need a clean and safe environment to prevent diseases. Here are the key measures to take:

• Poultry houses must be kept clean and disinfected regularly to stop germs from spreading.
• The houses should have windows to allow for good ventilation, ensuring fresh air for the birds.
• Sufficient light is very important for high egg production, so proper lighting should be provided.
• Poultry birds always need access to clean and fresh drinking water.
• Timely vaccination is necessary to protect the birds from common diseases.

Following these steps helps maintain a healthy flock and a successful farm.
In simple words: To manage a poultry farm, keep the houses clean, make sure there is fresh air and light, provide clean water, and give timely vaccinations to the birds.

🎯 Exam Tip: For management questions, focus on hygiene, environment (ventilation, light), nutrition (water), and health (vaccination) as primary concerns.

Activities:

 

Activity 1. Visit an animal farm in your area and prepare a list of animals domesticated there. Also, find out the products you can get from there.
Answer: If you visit an animal farm, you might find animals raised for different products:

• Cow - Milk
• Goat - Milk
• Buffalo - Milk
• Hen - Eggs
• Duck - Eggs

These are common animals kept on farms and the products they provide. You might also find animals raised for meat or wool.
In simple words: You can see cows, goats, and buffaloes for milk, and hens and ducks for eggs on a farm.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing animals and their products, be specific about which animal provides which product, as different animals have different uses.

 

Activity 2. The below cows are some of the cattle breeds found in Tamil Nadu. With the help of your teacher find out the districts where they are found.
Answer: Here are some cattle breeds found in Tamil Nadu and the districts where they are commonly found:

• Kangayam - Tiruppur
• Bargur - Erode
• Umblachey - Tiruvarur, Thanjavur
• Pulikulam - Madurai

These breeds are well-adapted to their specific regions in Tamil Nadu.
In simple words: Different kinds of cattle like Kangayam and Bargur live in certain districts in Tamil Nadu, like Tiruppur and Erode.

🎯 Exam Tip: For regional animal breeds, remember to associate them with their primary geographic locations. This shows specific knowledge of local agriculture.

 

Activity 3. Visit a veterinary hospital in your area and find out the common diseases found among the cattle in your area. Try to know how such diseases can be prevented.
Answer: If you visit a veterinary hospital, you would learn about common cattle diseases and how to prevent them:

Understanding these diseases and their prevention is key to keeping cattle healthy. Other common diseases might include Foot and Mouth Disease.
In simple words: Diseases like Anthrax and Black quarter can affect cattle. To stop them, animals need regular shots, and their sheds must be kept very clean.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing diseases, always pair the disease with its primary prevention method (e.g., vaccination, hygiene) to provide a complete answer.

Activity 4.

 

Fill in the blanks using the words given below. (Oilseeds, Egg, Honey, Food grains, Fish)
Answer:
Question 1. Green revolution : Food grains
Question 2. Blue revolution : Fish
Question 3. Silver revolution : Eggs
Question 4. Gold revolution : Honey
Question 5. Yellow revolution : Oilseeds
In simple words: Revolutions in agriculture are named after the main product they focus on. For example, the Green Revolution brought more food grains, and the Yellow Revolution increased oilseed production.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the different "revolutions" in agriculture and their corresponding products. These terms are important for understanding historical and economic changes in food production.

Samacheer Kalvi 5th Science Guide Our Environment Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

 

Question 1. _______ is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, wood & medicinal plants.
(a) Agriculture
(b) Floriculture
(c) Apiculture
Answer: (a) Agriculture
In simple words: Agriculture is the main activity where people grow plants and raise animals. This is done to get food, useful fibers, wood, and even plants for medicine.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the broad definition of agriculture, which encompasses both crop cultivation and animal husbandry for various human needs.

 

Question 2. _______ includes all living things such as plants and animals.
(a) Physical environment
(b) Biological environment
(c) Natural environment
Answer: (b) Biological environment
In simple words: The biological environment refers to everything alive around us. This includes all the plants and animals that live in an area.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between physical (non-living) and biological (living) components of an environment. The biological environment focuses solely on living organisms.

 

Question 3. _______ is the biggest buffalo milk producer in the world.
(a) China
(b) India
(c) Japan
Answer: (b) India
In simple words: India produces more buffalo milk than any other country. Buffaloes are very important for dairy farming in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key facts about global agricultural production, such as which countries lead in specific animal products. India has a large buffalo population.

 

Question 4. _______ medicine deals with prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, disorder, and injury for domestic and non-domestic animals.
(a) Dentist
(b) General
(c) Veterinary
Answer: (c) Veterinary
In simple words: Veterinary medicine is the field of healthcare for animals. Vets help prevent, find, and treat illnesses or injuries in both pet animals and wild ones.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the roles of different medical professions. Veterinary medicine specifically focuses on animal health and care.

 

Question 5. _______ are affected by internal parasites like roundworm and tapeworm.
(a) Farm animals
(b) Camels
(c) Poultry birds
Answer: (c) Poultry birds
In simple words: Poultry birds often get sick from tiny worms inside their bodies. These internal parasites, like roundworms and tapeworms, can cause health problems for the birds.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of common diseases and parasites that affect different farm animals, especially in poultry, which are prone to internal parasitic infections.

II. Fill In the Blanks:

 

Question 1. Leather goods are manufacture from _______ .
Answer: cattle hides
In simple words: Things made of leather, like shoes and bags, come from the skin of cattle. These are called cattle hides.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect animal products to their common uses and manufacturing processes. Leather is a key product derived from cattle.

 

Question 2. _______ & _______ disease and _______ are some of the common diseases found among cattle.
Answer: Foot and mouth disease and anthrax
In simple words: Foot and mouth disease and anthrax are common illnesses that cattle can get. It is important to prevent these diseases to keep the cattle healthy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the names of common animal diseases, particularly those that affect livestock and have a significant impact on agriculture.

 

Question 3. _______ was called as the father of white revolution.
Answer: Dr. Verghese Kurien
In simple words: Dr. Verghese Kurien is known as the father of the White Revolution. He helped India produce a lot more milk.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize key figures associated with significant historical or scientific movements, such as Dr. Kurien's role in India's dairy sector.

 

Question 4. _______ is used as a fertilizer for the soil and it improves the properties of the soil.
Answer: Vermicompost
In simple words: Vermicompost is used as a fertilizer. It makes the soil better by adding nutrients and improving its texture.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that vermicompost is a natural and beneficial fertilizer, directly improving soil quality for healthier plant growth.

 

Question 5. _______ helps in the suppression of weeds and the prevention of soil erosion.
Answer: Green manure
In simple words: Green manure helps stop unwanted plants (weeds) from growing and keeps the soil from washing away. It does this by covering the soil and adding nutrients.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the dual benefits of green manure: weed control and soil erosion prevention, both crucial for sustainable agriculture.

III. Say True or False:

 

Question 1. Krishnagiri district of Tamilnadu is the biggest cattle form in Asia.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, Krishnagiri district in Tamil Nadu is known to have the largest cattle farm in Asia. This shows its big role in animal farming.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note specific geographical facts, especially those involving superlatives like "biggest" or "largest," as they are often tested.

 

Question 2. Bhadawari and Surti are the buffalo breeds found in India.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, Bhadawari and Surti are two types of buffaloes found in India. These breeds are important for milk production.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be familiar with common Indian cattle and buffalo breeds, which are often mentioned in agriculture and animal science topics.

IV. Say True or False:

 

Question 1. Farming is done on a commercial scale.
Answer: True. Large-scale farming aims to produce goods for sale, not just for the farmer's family. This approach helps to meet the food needs of many people.
In simple words: Farming is done to sell products, not just for home use.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the difference between subsistence farming (for self-consumption) and commercial farming (for market sale).

 

Question 2. Vermicompost can be used to clean sewage.
Answer: True. Vermicompost can help in cleaning up sewage because the earthworms in it break down waste. Earthworms are nature's tiny clean-up crew, turning waste into useful soil nutrients.
In simple words: Yes, vermicompost helps clean dirty water by using worms to break down waste.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that vermicompost has environmental benefits beyond just fertilizing soil, like waste management.

 

Question 3. Leguminous plants fix nitrogen in the leaves of the plants.
Answer: False.
Correct Statement: Leguminous plants fix nitrogen in the roots of the plants. These plants have special bacteria in their roots that turn nitrogen from the air into a form plants can use. This is why they make the soil richer.
In simple words: Nitrogen is fixed in the roots of these plants, not their leaves.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to keywords like "leaves" versus "roots" as they can completely change the correctness of a statement in biology.

 

Question 4. Namakkal district is famous for dairy farms.
Answer: False.
Correct Statement: Namakkal district is famous for poultry farms. While all districts might have some dairy farms, Namakkal is specifically known for its large-scale chicken and egg production.
In simple words: Namakkal is known for chicken farms, not cow farms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about specific geographical facts; knowing which region is known for what industry is key.

 

Question 5. Murrah is a buffalo breed.
Answer: True. Murrah is a well-known type of buffalo, especially valued for its high milk production. It is one of the most important buffalo breeds in India.
In simple words: Murrah is indeed a type of buffalo.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the common names of different animal breeds and what they are known for (e.g., milk, meat).

 

V. Answer briefly:

 

Question 1. What is farming?
Answer: Farming is the activity of growing crops and raising livestock. It involves using land and animals to produce food, fibers, and other products for humans. It is a fundamental activity for human survival and economy.
In simple words: Farming means growing plants and keeping animals to get food and other things.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining farming, remember to include both crop cultivation and animal rearing.

 

Question 2. Name some cattle breeds of India?
Answer: Some important cattle breeds found in India include Gir, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Kangayam, and Ongole. These breeds are adapted to local conditions and are valued for milk, draught power, or both.
In simple words: Some Indian cow breeds are Gir, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Kangayam, and Ongole.

🎯 Exam Tip: Try to remember at least three to four examples of breeds for such questions.

 

Question 3. Name some buffalo breeds of India.
Answer: Some common buffalo breeds found in India are Murrah, Jaffrabadi, Bhadawari, and Surti. These breeds are popular for their milk production and strength.
In simple words: Murrah, Jaffrabadi, Bhadawari, and Surti are types of buffaloes found in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between cattle (cow) breeds and buffalo breeds in your memory.

 

Question 4. What food do cattle need?
Answer: Cattle need nutritious feed to stay healthy and produce a lot of milk. Their diet includes roughage, which has a lot of fiber like fodder, hay, straw, and silage. They also eat concentrates like broken grams, cereals, millets, rice polish, cotton seeds, and oil cakes. Fresh water is also very important for them. Providing a balanced diet is crucial for their well-being and productivity.
In simple words: Cattle need good food like hay and grains, and also fresh water, to be healthy and give milk.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the two main categories of cattle feed: roughage (fiber-rich) and concentrates (energy-rich).

 

Question 5. How to reduce the spread of diseases in cattle?
Answer: To stop cattle diseases from spreading, it is important to keep their living areas clean and hygienic. Regular and timely vaccinations also help prevent most diseases. Good sanitation and vaccination are key pillars of animal health.
In simple words: Keep cattle areas clean and give them shots on time to stop diseases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on prevention methods like hygiene and vaccination for disease control in livestock.

 

Question 6. Name the poultry farms found in Tamilnadu.
Answer: In Tamil Nadu, famous poultry farms are located in places such as Namakkal, Palladam, and Chennai. Namakkal is particularly known as a major hub for poultry farming. These regions contribute significantly to egg and meat production.
In simple words: Namakkal, Palladam, and Chennai are places in Tamil Nadu with many poultry farms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify specific regions mentioned in the text related to industries like poultry farming.

 

Question 7. What is Liquid Gold?
Answer: Honey is called "Liquid Gold" because it is a valuable and natural sweet substance. It is highly prized for its taste, health benefits, and natural origin, much like gold is valued for its rarity and beauty.
In simple words: Honey is called "Liquid Gold" because it is a valuable natural sweet.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the metaphorical meanings of terms like "Liquid Gold" in context.

 

Question 8. How are fowls classified?
Answer: Fowls are categorized based on what they are used for by people. They can be classified as: * Meat type (broiler) * Egg type (egg layer) * Dual type (for both meat and eggs) This classification helps farmers choose the best fowl for their specific needs.
In simple words: Fowls are grouped by their use: for meat, for eggs, or for both.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for classifications, list the distinct categories clearly.

 

Question 9. What are the minerals present in the egg?
Answer: Eggs contain important minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and sodium. They also provide vitamins like B1, B2, and D. These nutrients make eggs a very valuable food source for human health.
In simple words: Eggs have minerals like calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and vitamins B1, B2, and D.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the key nutrients (minerals and vitamins) found in common foods like eggs.

 

Question 10. Name the different types of manure.
Answer: The main types of manure are animal manure, green manure, and compost manure. Each type helps to enrich the soil in different ways, providing essential nutrients for plants.
In simple words: The different kinds of manure are animal manure, green manure, and compost.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the primary types of manure clearly and correctly.

 

Question 11. What is manure?
Answer: Manure is natural organic material used to fertilize soil. It mostly comes from animal and plant waste. Manure makes the soil more fertile by adding nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and it is a cheaper and natural form of fertilizer. Using manure helps plants grow stronger and healthier.
In simple words: Manure is natural organic waste from plants and animals used to make soil fertile.

🎯 Exam Tip: In your definition, emphasize that manure is organic, derived from waste, and improves soil fertility by adding nutrients.

 

Question 12. What is green manure?
Answer: Green manure is made from decomposing green leaves, small tree branches, shrubs, and herbs. Leguminous plants like clover are often used for this purpose. These plants are plowed into the soil, where they fix nitrogen in their roots and help prevent soil erosion and weed growth. This method naturally enhances soil health.
In simple words: Green manure comes from green plant parts, like leaves and twigs, which are mixed into the soil to make it richer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight that green manure is plant-based, often leguminous, and enhances soil fertility and structure.

 

Question 13. What is compost?
Answer: Compost is created when organic materials, such as crop waste, animal waste, and food scraps, break down. Various tiny living things like bacteria and fungi work under controlled conditions to turn these materials into simpler substances. This process makes a nutrient-rich soil amendment. It's like nature's way of recycling waste into gold for gardens.
In simple words: Compost is made from decayed organic waste like plant and food scraps, broken down by tiny living things.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key points for compost are organic matter, decomposition by microorganisms, and nutrient-rich end product.

 

Question 14. Name some organic matters which are biologically degradable and used in vermicomposting.
Answer: Many organic materials can be broken down by living organisms and are used in vermicomposting. These include crop leftovers like rice straw, rice husk, tea wastes, and tobacco wastes. Fruit and vegetable scraps are also excellent. Additionally, animal wastes such as cattle dung, poultry droppings, and goat and sheep droppings are used. These materials provide food for the earthworms that create vermicompost.
In simple words: Crop waste, fruit and vegetable scraps, and animal dung are organic things used in vermicomposting.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a diverse list covering both plant and animal-based organic wastes.

 

Question 15. Name some earthworms that are used in vermicompost.
Answer: Some specific types of earthworms are particularly good for vermicomposting. These include Red wigglers, European nightcrawlers, and African nightcrawlers. These worms efficiently consume organic waste and convert it into nutrient-rich castings.
In simple words: Red wigglers, European nightcrawlers, and African nightcrawlers are types of worms used in vermicompost.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remembering a few specific types of earthworms used in vermicomposting shows detailed knowledge.

VI. Answer in detail:

 

Question 1. How are poultry birds useful to us?
Answer: Poultry birds offer many benefits to humans. They are a great source of nutritious food, providing both eggs and meat. Eggs are rich in protein, easy to digest, and contain minerals like calcium, potassium, iron, and various vitamins. Their feathers are also collected and used to make pillows and quilts. Furthermore, the droppings from poultry birds are used as valuable manure for crops, enriching the soil. Thus, poultry farming is a versatile source of food and other products.
In simple words: Poultry birds give us eggs, meat, feathers for pillows, and their waste helps plants grow.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the multiple benefits clearly, covering food, non-food products, and agricultural uses.

 

Question 2. Write a note on poultry disease.
Answer: Poultry birds can suffer from various diseases that affect their health and productivity. Viruses can cause illnesses like fever and diarrhea. Bacterial infections, such as foul cholera, are also common. Exposure to wet and cold conditions can lead to cramps in poultry. Additionally, both internal parasites like roundworms and tapeworms, and external parasites such as fleas, lice, and ticks, can infect poultry birds. Proper care and disease prevention are essential to keep poultry healthy. These health issues can spread quickly in large flocks, making monitoring important.
In simple words: Poultry birds can get sick from viruses, bacteria, cold weather, and parasites like worms, fleas, and ticks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize the causes of disease (viruses, bacteria, environmental, parasites) for a comprehensive answer.