Samacheer Kalvi Class 5 Science Solutions Term 3 Chapter 2 Animals

Evaluation

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

 

Question 1. Fission is a way of reproduction
(a) sexual
(b) asexual
(c) viviparous
(d) oviparous
Answer: (b) Asexual
In simple words: Fission is a type of reproduction where one organism splits into two new ones. This process does not involve two parents, so it is asexual.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that asexual reproduction involves only one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent.

 

Question 2. is an oviparous animal.
(a) Cow
(b) Deer
(c) Goat
(d) Duck
Answer: (d) Duck
In simple words: An oviparous animal lays eggs. Out of the given choices, a duck lays eggs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the difference between oviparous (egg-laying) and viviparous (giving birth to live young) animals, and recall common examples for each category.

 

Question 3. Endangered animals are protected in .
(a) museums
(b) circus
(c) farm
(d) sanctuary
Answer: (d) Sanctuary
In simple words: A sanctuary is a safe place where endangered animals are protected from harm. It helps them live and grow without danger.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the purpose of wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, and zoos in animal conservation.

 

Question 4. Mundanthurai sanctuary is located in district.
(a) Thiruppur
(b) Tiruvarur
(c) Thirunelveli
(d) Thiruvallur
Answer: (c) Thirunelveli
In simple words: The Mundanthurai sanctuary, which is important for animal protection, is found in the Thirunelveli district. This area provides a safe home for many animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the locations of major wildlife sanctuaries and national parks in your region or country.

 

Question 5. The vision of Blue Cross is animal.
(a) Hunting
(b) capturing
(c) saving
(d) neglecting
Answer: (c) Saving
In simple words: Blue Cross is an organization dedicated to saving and caring for animals. Their main goal is to protect animal welfare.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the primary aims of animal welfare organizations like Blue Cross helps in understanding their role in society.

II. Fill in the Blanks:

 

Question 1. Animals which give birth to young ones directly are named as .
Answer: Mammals
In simple words: Animals that do not lay eggs but give birth to live young are called mammals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians based on their reproductive methods.

 

Question 2. of animals leads to endangered condition.
Answer: Hunting
In simple words: When too many animals are hunted, their numbers go down a lot. This makes them endangered, meaning they are at risk of disappearing forever.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand human activities like hunting and habitat destruction as major threats to animal populations.

 

Question 3. Gir National Park is famous for .
Answer: Asiatic Lions
In simple words: Gir National Park is well-known for being the only place where Asiatic Lions live freely in the wild. It is a special home for these big cats.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific animals associated with famous national parks to answer such factual questions correctly.

 

Question 4. Blue Cross is an welfare organization.
Answer: Animal
In simple words: Blue Cross is an organization that works for the care and well-being of animals. It provides help and support to animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the key terms associated with animal welfare organizations and their functions.

 

Question 5. Nilgiri Tahr is an species.
Answer: Endangered
In simple words: The Nilgiri Tahr is a type of mountain goat that is in danger of extinction. There are not many of them left, so they are considered endangered.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn about key endangered species in India and the reasons for their decline.

III. Match the Following:

 

Answer:

In simple words: We connect each item on the left with its correct match on the right. For example, a zygote is a fertilized egg, a cat is a viviparous animal, and fragmentation is a way of asexual reproduction.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, understand each term clearly and connect it with its most accurate description or example.

IV. Answer Briefly:

 

Question 1. What is fertilization?
Answer: Fertilization is the process where a male gamete (sperm) joins with a female gamete (egg). This fusion of gametes creates a new cell called a zygote, marking the beginning of a new organism. It is a fundamental step in sexual reproduction.
In simple words: Fertilization is when a male reproductive cell and a female reproductive cell combine to start a new life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define fertilization clearly, mentioning both gametes and the outcome (zygote).

 

Question 2. What are the different stages of sexual reproduction?
Answer: Sexual reproduction involves three main stages. First is pre-fertilization, which includes all the events before the gametes join. Second is fertilization itself, which is the fusion of male and female gametes. The last stage is post-fertilization, covering all events after the formation of the zygote. These stages ensure the successful development of a new organism.
In simple words: Sexual reproduction has three steps: before fertilization, fertilization itself, and after fertilization.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the three stages in correct order and briefly explain what each stage includes.

 

Question 3. Mention the different types of asexual reproduction.
Answer: There are several ways animals reproduce without needing two parents. The different types of asexual reproduction include Fission, where an organism splits into two; Budding, where an outgrowth forms and detaches; Fragmentation, where a body breaks into parts that grow into new individuals; and Spore formation, which involves special reproductive cells. Each method allows for rapid multiplication of organisms.
In simple words: Asexual reproduction can happen through fission, budding, fragmentation, and spores.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define each method of asexual reproduction and provide a relevant example for each to demonstrate understanding.

 

Question 4. Differentiate between oviparous and viviparous animals.
Answer:

In simple words: Oviparous animals lay eggs, and the baby grows outside the mother. Viviparous animals give birth to live babies, and the baby grows inside the mother's body. Both are ways animals bring new life into the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use clear, distinct points of comparison and include relevant examples for both types of animals to score full marks.

 

Question 5. Write a note on Blue Cross.
Answer: Blue Cross is an animal welfare charity located in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1897 with the important aim of ensuring every pet enjoys a healthy life in a happy home. The organization helps pet owners who cannot afford private veterinary care. Additionally, Blue Cross works to find homes for unwanted animals and teaches the public about responsible pet ownership. This charity plays a vital role in animal protection.
In simple words: Blue Cross is a UK charity that helps animals. It provides care, finds homes for pets, and teaches people how to be good pet owners.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about organizations, include their location, founding purpose, and main activities.

V. Answer in Detail:

 

Question 1. Explain the methods of asexual reproduction.
Answer: Asexual reproduction involves a single parent producing offspring that are genetically identical. There are several methods by which this occurs:

• Fission: This process happens in some invertebrates, which are multi-celled organisms without a backbone. In fission, an organism simply splits into two parts. For example, flatworms, sea anemones, and sea cucumbers can divide into two halves, with each half regenerating the missing parts to form two complete individuals. This is a very efficient way to multiply.
• Budding: Budding is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism grows out from a part of the parent's body. This outgrowth, called a bud, eventually separates from the original organism to form two independent individuals. Budding is commonly seen in invertebrate animals like hydras and corals.
• Fragmentation: This method involves an individual breaking into multiple parts, and each part then regenerates into a whole new organism. This type of reproduction is observed in creatures like sponges and sea stars. Fragmentation can happen due to accidental damage, attacks from predators, or as a natural reproductive strategy.
• Spores: Some simple organisms like protozoa, bacteria, plants, and fungi reproduce using spores. Spores are special structures that grow as part of an organism's life cycle. They are released from the parent and spread through air or water. In a suitable environment, these spores will grow into a full-sized organism.

In simple words: Asexual reproduction means one parent makes new animals that are exactly like it. This can happen when an animal splits (fission), grows a small bud that breaks off (budding), breaks into pieces that grow into new animals (fragmentation), or by releasing special cells called spores.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define each method of asexual reproduction and provide a relevant example for each to demonstrate understanding.

 

Question 2. What are the causes of the extinction of animals?
Answer: Many factors contribute to animals disappearing from Earth. These causes include:

• Human needs lead to the destruction of forests, which are animal homes.
• Animals are often hunted for their valuable parts like horns, skin, and teeth, reducing their numbers significantly.
• Pollution, such as air and water pollution, harms animals and their environments.
• People sometimes move animals to new places where the animals cannot survive, disrupting their natural habitats.
• The use of pesticides and other chemicals to kill insects and weeds can poison both plants and animals.
• Natural disasters like floods, cyclones, and fires also cause widespread destruction and animal deaths.

Protecting natural habitats is crucial to prevent further extinctions.
In simple words: Animals go extinct because forests are cut down, they are hunted, pollution harms them, they are moved to wrong places, chemicals poison them, and natural disasters destroy their homes.

🎯 Exam Tip: List a variety of both human-caused and natural factors that lead to animal extinction, focusing on environmental impact.

 

Question 3. Write an essay about National parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
Answer: National parks and wildlife sanctuaries are crucial areas set aside for the protection of wild animals and nature. In a National Park, the area is strictly reserved to improve wildlife, meaning activities like farming, grazing, or cutting trees are not allowed. These protected areas help maintain the balance of nature. Some important National parks in India are:

• Jim Corbett National Park: Located near Nainital in Uttarakhand, this park is famous for its tigers. It also provides a home to various other animals like deer, leopards, jackals, red foxes, black bears, and sloth bears.
• Gir Forest National Park: Situated in Gujarat, this park is globally recognized as the only natural habitat for Asiatic lions. Other animals such as sambar, chinkara, chital, porcupine, wild boar, and blackbuck also thrive here.
• Kaziranga National Park: This park is famous for its one-horned rhinoceros. Located in Assam, it also protects tigers, elephants, wild buffalo, swamp deer, bears, leopards, and many local and migratory birds.
• Sundarban National Park: Found in West Bengal, this is a Tiger and Biosphere Reserve located on the Ganges Delta. It is home to Bengal tigers, saltwater crocodiles, wild boars, foxes, leopard cats, huge turtles, river dolphins, and a variety of other mammals, reptiles, and birds.
• Kanha National Park: Located in Madhya Pradesh, Kanha National Park was established as part of Project Tiger. It is home to tigers, elephants, jackals, leopards, striped hyenas, monkeys, and several types of deer, including blackbuck, swamp deer, chital, and sambhar.
• Periyar National Park: This park is found in Thekkady, Kerala. It is known for its majestic elephants, royal tigers, various fish species, reptiles, and birds.
• Guindy National Park: Located in the heart of Chennai city, this park is home to spotted deer, blackbucks, white bucks, river otters, hyenas, bonnet monkeys, civet cats, jackals, pangolins, hedgehogs, and common mongooses.

Wildlife sanctuaries also play a vital role:

• Kalakkad Wildlife Sanctuary: This sanctuary is famous for its tigers. It also protects lion-tailed macaques, Nilgiri langurs, bonnet macaques, sambar, sloth bears, gaurs, elephants, flying squirrels, panthers, wild dogs, and pangolins.
• Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary: This sanctuary is located in Ooty. It is home to Bengal tigers, giant elephants, and leopards. Elephant safaris are also popular here, offering visitors a chance to see these animals up close.
• Mundanthurai Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in the Thirunelveli District, this sanctuary is primarily known for its tiger population. It serves as a crucial habitat for tiger conservation efforts.

These protected areas are essential for preserving India's rich wildlife.
In simple words: National parks and sanctuaries are special places where wild animals and nature are kept safe. No hunting or farming is allowed there. Examples include Jim Corbett (for tigers), Gir Forest (for lions), Kaziranga (for rhinos), Sundarban (for Bengal tigers), Kanha (Project Tiger), Periyar (elephants), Guindy (deer), Kalakkad (tigers), Mudumalai (tigers, elephants, leopards), and Mundanthurai (tigers).

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing national parks, mention their location, famous animals, and key conservation features.

Activities:

Activity 1. List out any three oviparous and viviparous animals in the table given below.

 

Answer:

In simple words: Oviparous animals lay eggs, like insects, fish, reptiles, and birds. Viviparous animals give birth to live young, such as cats, dogs, lions, and humans. This shows how different animals reproduce.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide clear and distinct examples for each category, ensuring they are correctly classified as egg-laying or live-bearing.

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

 

Question 1. is the biological process by which an organism gives rise to a new organism.
(a) Species
(b) Generation
(c) Reproduction
Answer: (c) Reproduction
In simple words: Reproduction is the natural process where living things make new living things similar to themselves.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the basic definition of reproduction as the process of producing offspring.

 

Question 2. is the first stage of sexual reproduction.
(a) Fertilisation
(b) Pre-fertilisation
(c) Post-fertilisation
Answer: (b) Pre-fertilisation
In simple words: Before the male and female cells join, there are steps that happen first. These steps are called pre-fertilization, and they are the very beginning of sexual reproduction.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the sequence of events in sexual reproduction: pre-fertilization, fertilization, and post-fertilization.

 

Question 3. fertilisation takes place in frogs and fish.
(a) Internal
(b) External
(c) Post
Answer: (b) External
In simple words: In frogs and fish, the male and female reproductive cells join outside the body, usually in water. This is called external fertilization.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify examples of animals that undergo external fertilization (like frogs and fish) versus internal fertilization (like mammals).

 

Question 4. The zygote divides repeatedly into a group of cells, which develops into different tissues and organs constituting a full body. This structure is known as .
(a) egg
(b) embryo
(c) zygote
Answer: (b) Embryo
In simple words: After a fertilized egg (zygote) starts dividing, it forms a small, developing structure that will eventually become a baby. This early stage is called an embryo.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between a zygote (single fertilized cell) and an embryo (multicellular developing organism).

 

Question 5. Animals in which an embryo develops outside the body are called animals.
(a) oviparous
(b) viviparous
(c) oviparous
Answer: (a) Oviparous
In simple words: Animals that lay eggs, where the baby grows outside the mother's body in the egg, are known as oviparous animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Reinforce the definition of oviparous animals, linking it to external embryonic development.

 

Question 6. lay thousands and sometimes millions of small, soft eggs in water.
(a) Oviparous
(b) Amphibians
(c) Viviparous
Answer: (b) Amphibians
In simple words: Amphibians, like frogs, lay many small, soft eggs in water. Their babies grow in water before moving to land.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall that amphibians typically have external fertilization and lay many eggs in aquatic environments.

 

Question 7. The eggshell protects the from the outer environment.
(a) embryo
(b) yolk
(c) larva
Answer: (a) Embryo
In simple words: The hard outer shell of an egg keeps the developing baby (embryo) safe from dangers outside. It acts like a protective shield.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the function of an eggshell in protecting the developing embryo from environmental hazards.

II. Fill In the Blanks:

 

Question 1. are organisms without backbone.
Answer: Invertebrate
In simple words: Animals that do not have a spine or backbone are called invertebrates.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the basic classification of animals into vertebrates (with backbone) and invertebrates (without backbone).

 

Question 2. The type of reproduction in which only a single parent gets divided into two new offspring is known as .
Answer: Asexual reproduction
In simple words: When a single parent makes new babies all by itself, and the babies are exactly like the parent, it's called asexual reproduction.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define asexual reproduction by stating it involves one parent and produces genetically identical offspring.

 

Question 3. is one of the asexual method of reproduction.
Answer: Fission
In simple words: Fission is a simple way for an organism to reproduce by splitting into two separate new organisms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify different methods of asexual reproduction like fission, budding, and fragmentation.

 

Question 4. In animals, the development of the embryo takes place inside the body.
Answer: viviparous
In simple words: In viviparous animals, the baby grows inside the mother's body until it is ready to be born.

🎯 Exam Tip: Contrast viviparous (internal embryonic development) with oviparous (external embryonic development).

 

Question 5. is a form of asexual reproduction that results from the outgrowth of a part of the body.
Answer: Budding
In simple words: Budding is when a small part of an animal grows outwards and then separates to become a new, independent animal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize budding as a specific form of asexual reproduction characterized by an outgrowth from the parent organism.

III. Say True or False. If False, Correct the Statement:

 

Question 1. Spores are the structures naturally grown as part of an organism's life cycle.
Answer: True
In simple words: Spores are natural parts of an organism's life cycle, helping it to reproduce.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering true/false questions, quickly confirm the statement's accuracy based on your knowledge to avoid simple errors.

 

Question 2. An animal is said to be endangered if its population is currently less than 50 or less than 2500 for the past three years.
Answer: False
Correct statement: An animal is said to be endangered if its population is currently less than 50 or less than 250 for the past three years. This means the number of these animals has dropped very low, making them at high risk of disappearing forever. The 250 limit is much smaller than 2500, showing a more critical situation.
In simple words: An animal is endangered if there are fewer than 50 of them, or if there are fewer than 250 of them and their numbers have been low for three years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to numbers and specific criteria in scientific definitions, as even a small difference can change the entire meaning of a statement.

 

Question 3. Biodiversity is the term used to describe different plants, animals, micro-organisms and insects, etc.
Answer: True
In simple words: Biodiversity is a word that means all the many different kinds of life on Earth, including plants, animals, and tiny living things.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that biodiversity includes all forms of life, from the smallest microbes to the largest animals, highlighting the richness of ecosystems.

 

Question 4. Hunting and poaching animals should be encouraged.
Answer: False
Correct statement: Hunting and poaching animals should be prohibited. These activities cause harm to animal populations and can lead to species becoming endangered or extinct. Protecting wildlife is important for keeping our natural world healthy.
In simple words: It is wrong to encourage hunting and poaching animals; these actions should be stopped to protect wildlife.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember that conservation efforts focus on protecting animals, which means activities like hunting and poaching are harmful and forbidden.

 

Question 5. Pesticides and chemicals used to get rid of insects, pests or weeds, poison the plants and animals.
Answer: True
In simple words: Chemicals and pesticides used to kill pests can also harm or poison plants and animals, making them dangerous for the environment.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that while pesticides target specific pests, they often have wider negative impacts on the environment, affecting other plants and animals as well.

 

IV. Match the Following:

 

Question. Match the following:
1. Jim Corbett National park
2. Periyar National park
3. Guindy National park
4. Anaimalai Wildlife sanctuary
5. Vedanthangal bird sanctuary

a. Thekkady
b. Kancheepuram
c. Coimbatore
d. Uttarkhand
e. Chennai
Answer:
1. d (Jim Corbett National Park - Uttarkhand)
2. a (Periyar National Park - Thekkady)
3. e (Guindy National Park - Chennai)
4. c (Anaimalai Wildlife Sanctuary - Coimbatore)
5. b (Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary - Kancheepuram)
In simple words: This match connects each national park or wildlife sanctuary with its correct location in India.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, it helps to first match the ones you are most confident about, then use elimination to figure out the rest.

 

V. Answer Briefly:

 

Question 1. Name the two ways by which fertilisation in animals takes place.
Answer: Fertilization in animals happens in two main ways: external fertilization and internal fertilization. External fertilization often occurs in water, while internal fertilization happens inside the female's body.
In simple words: Animals fertilize in two ways: outside the body (external) or inside the body (internal).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state both terms, "external fertilization" and "internal fertilization," to get full marks for this question.

 

Question 2. Explain the term reproduction.
Answer: Reproduction is the natural process where living organisms create new individuals, like themselves. This process is vital for all living things, from tiny plants to large animals, as it ensures that their species continues from one generation to the next. Both sexual and asexual reproduction methods are seen in animals.
In simple words: Reproduction is how living things make new babies or copies of themselves to keep their kind alive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight that reproduction is a fundamental biological process for the continuity of species across generations.

 

Question 3. What is external fertilisation?
Answer: External fertilization happens when the male and female gametes (sperm and egg) join outside the animal's body. This typically occurs in water, where both the eggs and sperm are released. For example, frogs and fish use this method to reproduce, releasing their eggs and sperm into a pond or stream. This allows the water to help in the mixing and fusion of the gametes.
In simple words: External fertilization is when the sperm and egg meet and join outside the animal's body, usually in water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mentioning the environment (aquatic) and examples (frogs, fish) helps provide a complete answer for external fertilization.

 

Question 4. What are oviparous animals?
Answer: Oviparous animals are those where the embryo develops outside the mother's body, specifically inside an egg. These animals lay eggs, and the young ones grow within these eggs. For birds, the eggshell protects the developing embryo from outside dangers, and the embryo gets all its food from the egg yolk. Examples include most insects, fish, reptiles, and birds. This method allows the mother to lay many eggs at once.
In simple words: Oviparous animals lay eggs, and their babies grow inside these eggs outside the mother's body.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining oviparous animals, always mention "laying eggs" and "embryo development outside the body" as key characteristics.

 

Question 5. What is asexual reproduction?
Answer: Asexual reproduction is a way for a single parent to create new offspring that are exactly like itself. This process does not involve the fusion of gametes. It commonly happens in tiny living things like hydra and amoeba. The new organisms produced through asexual reproduction are genetically identical to the parent, meaning they are perfect copies. This method is efficient for quick population growth.
In simple words: Asexual reproduction is when one parent makes new copies of itself without another parent.

🎯 Exam Tip: The two most important points for asexual reproduction are "single parent" and "offspring are identical to the parent."

 

Question 6. Name some endangered species in India
Answer: Some endangered species in India include the Snow Leopard, Bengal Tiger, Asiatic Lion, Purple Frog, and Indian Giant Squirrel. These animals face a high risk of disappearing from our planet if not protected. India has many conservation efforts to save them.
In simple words: Endangered animals in India include the Snow Leopard, Bengal Tiger, Asiatic Lion, Purple Frog, and Indian Giant Squirrel.

🎯 Exam Tip: Listing a variety of animals from different habitats (mammals, amphibians) shows a broad understanding of endangered species.

 

Question 7. How to save endangered species? (any 2 methods)
Answer: To help protect endangered species, we need to take several important steps. Two key methods are: 1. Hunting and poaching animals must be stopped completely. 2. We should not pollute the environment with trash and harmful substances. These actions directly reduce threats to animals and their homes, helping them survive.
In simple words: We can save endangered animals by stopping hunting and poaching, and by keeping the environment clean.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on actions that directly reduce human impact on endangered species and their habitats, such as stopping illegal activities and pollution.

 

Question 8. What is Red data book?
Answer: The Red Data Book is a special record book used to list and track animals and plants that are rare or endangered. This book is made to help scientists and conservationists find and protect species that are close to dying out. It serves as a critical tool for monitoring the health of different ecosystems and informing conservation strategies.
In simple words: The Red Data Book keeps a list of rare and endangered animals and plants to help protect them before they disappear.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the Red Data Book is a crucial document for identifying and monitoring species facing extinction, guiding conservation efforts worldwide.

 

Question 9. Expand IUCN.
Answer: IUCN stands for International Union for Conservation of Nature. This organization works globally to protect nature and ensure that we use natural resources fairly and wisely. They provide valuable data, tools, and expertise to help conserve species.
In simple words: IUCN is the International Union for Conservation of Nature, an organization that helps protect our natural world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Make sure to write out the full name correctly, paying attention to "International Union for Conservation of Nature."

 

Question 10. What is meant by conservation?
Answer: Conservation means protecting, taking care of, and wisely managing wildlife and natural resources like forests and water. It involves maintaining endangered species in special protected areas such as national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. The goal is to ensure these resources are available for future generations. This ensures a healthy balance in nature.
In simple words: Conservation is about protecting, saving, and managing nature, including animals and plants, and all natural resources.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining conservation, include key terms like "protection," "preservation," "management," and "natural resources" for a complete answer.

 

Question 11. Name the wild animals that are protected at Kaziranga National park.
Answer: At Kaziranga National Park, many wild animals are protected. These include rhinoceros, tigers, elephants, wild buffaloes, and swamp deer. The park is especially famous for its one-horned rhinos, which are a major conservation success story. You can also find bears, leopards, and various local and migratory birds there, making it a rich wildlife habitat.
In simple words: Kaziranga National Park protects wild animals like rhinos, tigers, elephants, wild buffaloes, and swamp deer, and is well-known for its one-horned rhinos.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember to mention the one-horned rhinoceros when talking about Kaziranga National Park, as it is its most iconic protected species.

 

Question 12. Expand UNESCO.
Answer: UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation. This international organization works to promote peace and security through cooperation in education, science, culture, and communication. They help preserve world heritage sites and promote understanding across cultures.
In simple words: UNESCO is the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately writing out each word of the acronym is crucial for expansion questions.

 

Question 13. What is the advantage of conservation?
Answer: Conservation offers several important benefits. It helps different species get used to and thrive in their natural homes, allowing them to interact well with each other. By maintaining the natural living places of animals, conservation keeps ecosystems healthy and balanced. This approach is also often less costly and simpler to manage in the long run than trying to fix problems after damage has been done.
In simple words: Conservation helps animals adapt to their homes, lets species interact, keeps their natural places safe, and is easier to manage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on both ecological benefits (habitat, species interaction) and practical advantages (cost-effectiveness, ease of management) when discussing conservation benefits.

 

Question 14. What is meant by cruelty?
Answer: Cruelty to animals means causing them harm or suffering. This includes actions like capturing them, trapping them, or poisoning any wild animal, especially when done together in large numbers. Such acts are considered inhumane and are often illegal due to their negative impact on animal welfare and populations.
In simple words: Cruelty to animals means hurting them, like catching, trapping, or poisoning any wild animal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that cruelty involves causing harm or suffering, and provide clear examples like capturing, trapping, or poisoning.

 

Question 15. Name 2 government organizations which work for the welfare of animals.
Answer: Two government organizations that work to help animals are: 1. The Animal Welfare Board of India. 2. The National Institute of Animal Welfare. These organizations play a crucial role in developing policies and programs to ensure the well-being and protection of animals across the country.
In simple words: The Animal Welfare Board of India and the National Institute of Animal Welfare are two government groups that help animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to name specific, verifiable government organizations that have a clear mandate for animal welfare.

 

VI. Answer In Detail:

 

Question 1. Explain the two types of fertilisation.
Answer: Fertilization in animals, which is the joining of male and female reproductive cells, occurs in two main ways: External fertilization and Internal fertilization. External fertilization happens outside the animal's body. This usually takes place in water, where both eggs and sperm are released into the environment. Fish and frogs are good examples of animals that use this method for reproduction. The water helps the sperm and eggs to meet and fuse. Internal fertilization, on the other hand, takes place inside the female animal's body. This method is common in animals such as cats, dogs, and cows. The internal environment protects the developing zygote, increasing the chances of successful fertilization and embryo development. This ensures a higher survival rate for the offspring.
In simple words: Fertilization can be external (outside the body, usually in water, like for fish) or internal (inside the female's body, like for cats and dogs).

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define each type of fertilization and provide distinct examples for both to illustrate your understanding.

 

Question 2. Explain the formation of the embryo.
Answer: The formation of an embryo begins with a zygote, which is a fertilized egg. This zygote starts to divide repeatedly, creating many cells that form a group. These cells then begin to develop into different tissues and organs, eventually making up a complete body. This developing structure is known as an embryo. The embryo continues to grow and develop inside the mother's uterus, or inside an egg outside the mother, forming body parts like the head, face, hands, and legs. Depending on whether the embryo grows inside or outside the body, animals are then classified as either viviparous or oviparous. This journey from a single cell to a complex organism is a fundamental part of life.
In simple words: An embryo forms when a fertilized egg (zygote) divides many times to make groups of cells. These cells then grow into different body parts, eventually forming a complete baby animal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Trace the process from zygote to embryo, mentioning cell division, tissue/organ formation, and eventually the development of body parts.

 

Question 3. How can we protect endangered species?
Answer: Protecting endangered species requires many actions to ensure their survival. Key methods include: - Stopping hunting and poaching of animals completely. - Preventing environmental pollution, which harms animal habitats. - Reducing plastic use and promoting recycling to protect ecosystems. - Avoiding pesticides and harmful chemicals that poison animals and plants. - Planting native trees to provide food and shelter for animals. - Choosing to buy eco-friendly products to support sustainable practices. These steps collectively help to safeguard vulnerable species and maintain biodiversity for the future. By protecting their homes and stopping harmful activities, we give these animals a chance to recover.
In simple words: We can protect endangered animals by stopping hunting and pollution, reducing plastic, avoiding harmful chemicals, planting trees, and buying eco-friendly products.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing ways to protect endangered species, aim for a variety of actions covering both direct protection (stopping hunting) and environmental health (reducing pollution, planting trees).

 

Question 4. What are the advantages of the Red data book?
Answer: The Red Data Book offers several important advantages for conservation efforts. It helps to accurately check the number of animals and plants of a particular species. The information provided in this book can be used all over the world to understand global wildlife trends. It helps us guess how likely a species is to become extinct across the globe. Additionally, the book gives useful advice and guidelines for putting protective measures in place. This includes suggesting ways to manage habitats and protect vulnerable populations. This vital information helps scientists and governments make informed decisions.
In simple words: The Red Data Book helps count species, shares global data, estimates extinction risks, and gives guidelines for protection.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the Red Data Book's roles in monitoring, information sharing, risk assessment, and guiding conservation strategies for a comprehensive answer.