Samacheer Kalvi Class 5 Science Solutions Term 1 Chapter 1 Organ System

Evaluation

 

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

 

Question 1. What is the length of the alimentary canal?
(a) 3-4 m
(b) 5-6 m
(c) 9-11 m
(d) 6-9 m
Answer: (d) 6-9 m
In simple words: Whenever you talk about the alimentary canal, which is the long tube that food travels through in your body, its length is usually between 6 and 9 meters. This long tube helps digest and absorb food.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the alimentary canal is a very long tube in the human body, essential for digestion.

 

Question 2. Which organ is involved in respiration?
(a) Kidney
(b) Lungs
(c) Heart
(d) Brain
Answer: (b) Lungs
In simple words: Lungs are the main organs we use to breathe. They take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

🎯 Exam Tip: Make sure to clearly identify the primary organ for each life process like respiration.

 

Question 3. How many kidneys do we have?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c)
(d)
Answer: (a) 2
In simple words: Humans usually have two kidneys, which clean the blood and remove waste.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall basic facts about the number of key organs in the human body.

 

Question 4. Functional unit of brain is
(a) Neuron
(b)
(c) Brain stem
(d) Nerves
Answer: (a) Neuron
In simple words: Neurons are the tiny parts that make the brain work and send messages throughout the body.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that neurons are the fundamental building blocks of the nervous system, including the brain.

 

Question 5. Blood is pumped by
(a) Lungs
(b) Heart
(c) Kidneys
(d) Bones
Answer: (b) Heart
In simple words: The heart pumps blood to every part of the body, making sure oxygen and nutrients reach all cells.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the heart as the central organ of the circulatory system, responsible for blood circulation.

 

II. Fill in the Blanks:

 

Question 1. A group of organs together make up an ______ system.
Answer: organ system
In simple words: Many organs working together, like the stomach and intestines, create an organ system to perform a big job.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that organs combine to form systems, each with a specific function.

 

Question 2. The process by which the body removes waste is called ______
Answer: Excretion
In simple words: Excretion is how the body gets rid of waste products, keeping itself clean and healthy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the term 'excretion' for the body's waste removal process.

 

Question 3. The number of chambers in human heart is ______
Answer: Four
In simple words: Our heart has four chambers, which are like separate rooms that help pump blood efficiently.

🎯 Exam Tip: It's important to remember that the human heart has four distinct chambers.

 

Question 4. The functional unit of kidney is ______
Answer: Nephron
In simple words: Nephrons are the small working units inside the kidneys that clean the blood.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn that the nephron is the microscopic unit that performs the main function of the kidney.

 

Question 5. The human nervous system is divided into ______ parts.
Answer: Two
In simple words: The human nervous system has two main parts: the central and peripheral nervous systems, which work together to control the body.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the two primary divisions of the nervous system.

 

III. Say True or False:

 

Question 1. The circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Answer: True
In simple words: The heart, blood, and blood vessels all make up the circulatory system, which is true.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the main components of the circulatory system.

 

Question 2. Important function of the heart is to transport blood with nutrients, oxygen, waste, and hormones.
Answer: True
In simple words: The heart pumps blood to carry food, oxygen, and other important things, and also takes away waste. This is true.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that blood circulated by the heart has multiple vital transport functions.

 

Question 3. The brain is protected by the rib cage.
Answer: False
In simple words: The brain is protected by the skull, which is a hard bone around it, not the rib cage. So, this is false.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the skull, which protects the brain, and the rib cage, which protects the chest organs.

 

Question 4. The functional unit of kidney is neuron.
Answer: False
In simple words: The kidney's working part is a nephron, not a neuron. Neurons are for the brain. So, this is false.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not confuse the functional units of different organ systems like the kidney and the brain.

 

IV. Circle the Odd One:

 

Question 1.
(a) Mouth
(b) Buccal cavity
(c) Pharynx
(d) Lungs
Answer: (d) Lungs
In simple words: Lungs are different because the other options are parts of eating, but lungs are for breathing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the primary system (digestive, respiratory, etc.) each organ belongs to to find the odd one out.

 

Question 2.
(a) Nostrils
(b) Nasal cavity
(c) Pharynx
(d) Stomach
Answer: (d) Stomach
In simple words: Stomach is the odd one because it's for digesting food, while the others are for breathing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize organs by their primary physiological system to easily find the outlier.

 

Question 3.
(a) Mouth
(b) Esophagus
(c) Stomach
(d) Kidney
Answer: (d) Kidney
In simple words: Kidney is the odd one out as it cleans blood, while the rest are about eating and digestion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Group organs based on their function within a specific body system.

 

Question 4.
(a) Taste
(b) Hear
(c) Think
(d) Smell
Answer: (c) Think
In simple words: Think is different because the others (taste, hear, smell) are senses, but thinking is what your brain does.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between sensory functions and cognitive functions of the brain.

 

Question 5.
(a) Cerebrum
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Medulla Oblongata
(d) Nephron
Answer: (d) Nephron
In simple words: Nephron is the odd one out because cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata are all parts of the brain, but a nephron is in the kidney.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the major parts of the brain and distinguish them from functional units of other organs.

 

V. Match the Following:

 

Question 1.
Digestive System - Kidney
Respiratory system - Brain
Circulatory system - Alimentary canal
Excretory system - Heart
Nervous System - Lungs
Answer:
1. Digestive System - Alimentary canal
2. Respiratory system - Lungs
3. Circulatory system - Heart
4. Excretory system - Kidney
5. Nervous System - Brain
In simple words: We match each body system with its main part: Digestive with alimentary canal, Respiratory with lungs, Circulatory with heart, Excretory with kidney, and Nervous with brain. Each system has a specific job.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you can correctly associate each major organ system with its primary components.

 

VI. Answer Briefly:

 

Question 1. Name the salivary glands in our mouth?
Answer: Our mouth has three main types of salivary glands that make saliva: the parotid glands, the sublingual glands, and the submandibular glands. Saliva helps start digestion and keeps our mouth moist.
In simple words: The three salivary glands in our mouth are parotid, sublingual, and submandibular.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the names of the three major salivary glands for their role in initial digestion.

 

Question 2. What is respiration?
Answer: Respiration is the process where our body takes in oxygen and uses it, while also getting rid of carbon dioxide. This exchange happens to provide energy for our cells to live and function properly.
In simple words: Respiration is how our body takes in oxygen and lets out carbon dioxide.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define respiration accurately as the exchange of gases vital for energy production.

 

Question 3. What is the function of pericardial fluid?
Answer: Pericardial fluid is found in the space between the two layers of the membrane that surrounds the heart. Its main job is to protect the heart from sudden impacts or movements, like a cushion. It also reduces friction as the heart beats.
In simple words: Pericardial fluid is a liquid around the heart that protects it from bumps and shocks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the protective role of pericardial fluid as a shock absorber for the heart.

 

Question 4. Name the chambers in human heart?
Answer: The human heart has four main chambers. The two upper chambers are called atria (or auricles), and the two lower, stronger chambers are called ventricles. A special muscular wall called the auriculo-ventricular septum divides the upper and lower chambers, helping blood flow correctly. This structure ensures efficient blood pumping.
In simple words: The human heart has four chambers: two upper ones called atria and two lower ones called ventricles. A wall separates them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify all four chambers of the heart and the separating septum for a complete answer.

 

Question 5. Arrange the excretory system in correct sequence.
(Urinary bladder, Ureter, Kidney, Urethra).
Answer: The correct order of organs in the excretory system, starting from where urine is formed to where it leaves the body, is: Kidney, Ureter, Urinary bladder, and then Urethra. The kidneys make urine, ureters carry it, the bladder stores it, and the urethra releases it. This system helps remove waste liquids from the body.
In simple words: The parts of the excretory system, in order, are: Kidney, Ureter, Urinary bladder, and Urethra.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the sequence of organs in the excretory pathway for correct functional understanding.

 

Question 6. What are the two parts of peripheral nervous system?
Answer: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is made of nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord, reaching all parts of the body. It has two main parts: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic system controls voluntary movements, while the autonomic system manages involuntary body functions.
In simple words: The peripheral nervous system has two parts: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system and their general functions.

 

Question 7. What are the functions of blood?
Answer: Blood performs several important jobs in our body. Firstly, it carries nutrients, oxygen, waste products, and hormones to different places. Secondly, blood helps to keep the body's water level balanced and maintains a steady body temperature. Lastly, after delivering oxygen to cells, blood returns to the lungs to pick up more oxygen. Blood is vital for keeping our body working well.
In simple words: Blood carries food, oxygen, and hormones, removes waste, controls body temperature, and balances water. It is like a transport system.

🎯 Exam Tip: List at least three main functions of blood, focusing on its transport and regulatory roles.

 

VII. Answer in Detail:

 

Question 1. List out the functions of the digestive system
Answer: The digestive system has several key functions. First, it breaks down large food molecules into smaller, simpler ones, a process known as digestion. Second, saliva, produced in the mouth, helps to moisten the food, making it easier to swallow. Third, special enzymes in saliva start breaking down complex starches into simpler sugars. Finally, various digestive enzymes work to break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates so the body can absorb them. This entire system ensures our body gets the energy and nutrients it needs.
In simple words: The digestive system breaks down food into smaller parts. Saliva makes food wet. Enzymes in saliva break down starch. Other enzymes break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing functions, start with a general definition and then provide specific examples of processes and enzymes involved.

 

Question 2. Explain the main parts of the circulatory system.
Answer: The circulatory system is responsible for moving blood throughout the body to carry oxygen and nutrients. It consists of three main parts: the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Each part plays a crucial role.
1. Heart: The heart is a strong, muscular, cone-shaped organ. It is enclosed by a double-layered membrane called the pericardium, which contains pericardial fluid. This fluid acts as a cushion, protecting the heart from physical shocks. The heart is located in the chest, between the two lungs, inside the rib cage. It has four chambers: two upper chambers called atria (or auricles) and two lower, stronger chambers called ventricles. A muscular wall, the auriculo-ventricular septum, divides the upper and lower chambers. The right side of the heart receives de-oxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs to pick up oxygen. The left side then receives this oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to all other parts of the body.
2. Blood: Blood is a vital fluid that transports various substances. It carries nutrients, oxygen, waste products, and hormones throughout the body. The heart pumps this blood, ensuring it reaches every tissue and cell. Blood also helps maintain the body's water balance and regulates its temperature. After delivering oxygen, blood returns to the lungs to pick up more oxygen.
3. Blood Vessels: These are the tubes through which blood flows. Blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries, forming a complex network across the body. Arteries typically carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, except for pulmonary arteries. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, except for pulmonary veins. This network ensures a continuous flow of blood.
In simple words: The circulatory system has three parts: the heart, blood, and blood vessels. The heart is a strong muscle that pumps blood. Blood carries food, oxygen, and hormones, and also removes waste. Blood vessels are like pipes (arteries and veins) that carry blood all over the body.

🎯 Exam Tip: For a detailed answer, break down the circulatory system into its main components (heart, blood, blood vessels) and explain the specific structure and function of each, ensuring to mention chambers and blood flow direction.

 

Question 3. Explain three major parts of human brain.
Answer: The human brain is divided into three main parts, each with its own vital roles:
1. Fore Brain (Cerebrum): This is the largest part of the brain and includes the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus. The cerebrum is the center for memory, intelligence, imagination, and reasoning. It helps us think, learn, and feel.
2. Mid Brain (Cerebellum): Located behind the cerebrum, the cerebellum helps to coordinate body movements and maintain balance. It ensures smooth and precise actions.
3. Hind Brain (Medulla Oblongata): This part is also known as the brain stem. The medulla oblongata controls essential involuntary body functions like breathing, heartbeat, and other automatic muscle movements. Because of these critical roles, it is sometimes called the 'Vital Knot.' It also links the brain to the spinal cord. All parts of the brain work together to control our thoughts, actions, and body functions.
In simple words: The human brain has three main parts:
1. Fore Brain (Cerebrum): The biggest part, it helps us think, remember, and reason.
2. Mid Brain (Cerebellum): It helps us move our body smoothly and keep our balance.
3. Hind Brain (Medulla Oblongata): This controls important things we don't think about, like breathing and our heart beating, and connects to the spinal cord.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the three major parts of the brain (forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain) and clearly state at least two key functions for each part.

 

Question 4. Label the diagram given below.
Answer:

In simple words: This diagram shows the main parts of the human brain. The cerebrum is the large top part, the cerebellum is at the back, and the brainstem (which includes the thalamus, pons, and medulla oblongata) connects to the spinal cord. Each part helps control different body functions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice drawing and labeling the major parts of the brain, as it is a common anatomy question.

 

VIII. Questions Based on Higher Order Thinking (HOT):

 

Question 1. Why It is important to wear helmet while riding a bike?
Answer: Wearing a helmet while riding a bike is very important because it protects your head and brain from serious injury. The head and brain are the most vulnerable parts in a motorcycle accident. Helmets greatly increase a person's chances of surviving an accident. Without a helmet, riders risk severe brain injuries, which can lead to spinal cord damage, long-term care needs, and even death after the accident. A helmet acts as a crucial safety barrier, absorbing impacts and preventing direct trauma. It can literally save your life and prevent lifelong disabilities.
In simple words: Wearing a helmet is important to protect your head and brain during a bike accident. It can save your life and prevent serious injuries, as the head is very easily hurt without one.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the critical protective role of helmets, focusing on preventing head and brain injuries during accidents.

 

Question 2. Eating fast-food and junk food affects our health. Justify.
Answer: Eating fast food and junk food often has negative effects on our health. These foods usually contain more unhealthy fats, calories, cholesterol, and sodium compared to home-cooked meals. Regularly eating too much fast food can increase the risk of serious health issues like high blood pressure, heart disease, and obesity. Furthermore, a diet rich in junk food is connected to a higher chance of developing obesity, feeling depressed, experiencing digestive problems, and facing serious conditions such as heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. Making healthy food choices is crucial for long-term well-being.
In simple words: Fast food and junk food are bad for health because they have too much fat, sugar, salt, and calories. Eating them often can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems, gaining too much weight, and other serious illnesses. Eating healthy is better for your body.

🎯 Exam Tip: When justifying, list specific negative health impacts of junk food, such as high fat/sodium content and increased risk of diseases.

 

Samacheer Kalvi 5th Science Guide Organ System Additional Questions and Answers

 

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

 

Question 1. The brain is kept in a bony case called
(a) Cranium
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Cerebrum
(d) Medulla Oblongata
Answer: (a) Cranium
In simple words: The brain is inside a bony box called the cranium, which protects it from injury.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the specific anatomical term for the protective bone structure surrounding the brain.

 

Question 2. The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from
(a) Lung
(b) Heart
(c) Liver
(d) Kidney
Answer: (a) Lung
In simple words: The left side of the heart gets blood full of oxygen directly from the lungs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the path of oxygenated blood in the circulatory system, originating from the lungs and entering the left side of the heart.

 

Question 3. Name the functional unit of brain
(a) Neurons
(b) Nephrons
(c) Fibrous membrane
(d) Capsule
Answer: (a) Neurons
In simple words: The main working part of the brain is called a neuron. This is how the brain sends messages.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the functional unit (neuron) and anatomical parts (like the Hind Brain) of the brain.

 

Question 4. The brain loses the ability to function when it does not get oxygen for more than.
(b) 3 minutes
(c) 4 minutes
(d) 5 minutes
Answer: (c) 4 minutes
In simple words: The brain stops working properly if it doesn't get oxygen for more than about 4 minutes, which can cause serious damage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the critical time limit for oxygen deprivation to the brain and its severe consequences.

 

Question 5. The volume of blood in human adults is
(a) 4-5 litres
(b) 5-6 litres
(c) 3-5 litres
(d) 4-8 litres
Answer: (a) 4-5 litres
In simple words: Adult humans usually have 4 to 5 liters of blood in their bodies, which is important for health.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the approximate normal blood volume in an adult human for general knowledge.

 

Question 6. The volume of blood in human adults is
(a) 4-5 litres
(b) 5-6 litres
(c) 3-5 litres
(d)
Answer: (a) 4-5 litres
In simple words: An adult human body normally holds about 4 to 5 liters of blood. This is a vital amount for all body functions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of the typical blood volume in adults, as it's a common physiological fact.

 

Question 7. Heart is covered with double walled membrane called
(a) cerebrum
(b) Coronary
(c) pericardium
(d) rib cage
Answer: (c) pericardium
In simple words: The heart is covered by a special double-layered skin called the pericardium, which keeps it safe and reduces friction.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the pericardium as the specific membrane that encases and protects the heart.

 

Question 8. Somatic nervous system carries sensation's from the organs to the brain.
(a) Somatic nervous system
(b) Autonomous nervous system
(c) Central nervous system
(d) Spinal cord
Answer: (a) Somatic nervous system
In simple words: The somatic nervous system is a part of the peripheral nervous system. It controls voluntary movements and carries sensory information from the body to the brain.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the somatic nervous system is responsible for conscious control, while the autonomic nervous system manages involuntary actions.

 

Question 9. Fore Brain is the largest part of the brain.
(a) Fore Brain
(b) Mid Brain
(c) Hind Brain
(d) Centre Brain
Answer: (a) Fore Brain
In simple words: The forebrain is the largest and most complex part of the brain. It includes the cerebrum, which handles thinking and sensing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the main parts of the brain and their primary functions is key to understanding the nervous system.

 

Question 10. Medulla oblongata is called as
(a) pia meter
(b) durameter
(c) vital knot
(d) pons verolli
Answer: (c) vital knot
In simple words: The medulla oblongata is an important part of the brainstem that controls vital involuntary actions like breathing and heartbeat, hence its nickname "vital knot". It ensures our body's basic functions keep working.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the specific roles of each brain part, especially those vital for survival, as they are often tested.

 

Question 11. Which of the following statement is correct about cerebellum?
(a) It is the largest part of the brain
(b) It co-ordinates the movements of the muscles of the body.
(c) It controls involuntary action
(d) It lies behind the cerebrum
Answer: (b) It co-ordinates the movements of the muscles of the body. and (d) It lies behind the cerebrum
In simple words: The cerebellum helps you move your muscles smoothly and keeps your body balanced. It sits at the back of your brain, under the cerebrum, which is the big thinking part.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the cerebellum is crucial for balance and coordinating precise movements, like walking or catching a ball.

 

II. Fill in the Blanks:

 

Question 1. Salivary glands secrete saliva
Answer: saliva
In simple words: Salivary glands make spit, which is called saliva, to help us start digesting food.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall that saliva contains enzymes that begin the digestion of carbohydrates even before food reaches the stomach.

 

Question 2. Name the organism which lives in the digestive system of human Tapeworm.
Answer: Tapeworm
In simple words: A tapeworm is a type of parasite that can live inside a human's digestive system. It gets nutrients from the food the person eats.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that tapeworms are internal parasites and can cause health issues if not treated.

 

Question 3. Liver produces Bile for the digestion of fat.
Answer: Bile
In simple words: The liver makes bile, which is a liquid that helps break down fats in our food. It's like soap for grease, making fats easier to digest.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep in mind that bile does not contain digestive enzymes but rather emulsifies fats, breaking them into smaller droplets.

 

Question 4. Urinary bladder is sac - like in shape.
Answer: Urinary bladder
In simple words: The urinary bladder is a stretchy, bag-like organ that holds urine until it's ready to be released from the body. It helps us control when we pee.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that the bladder's sac-like structure allows it to expand significantly to store urine.

 

Question 5. Kidneys receive approximately 250 liter litres of blood.
Answer: 250 liter
In simple words: Our kidneys filter a very large amount of blood every day, about 250 liters. This high volume shows how hard they work to keep our blood clean.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the vast quantity of blood processed by the kidneys, highlighting their crucial role in filtering waste from the body.

 

Question 6. The kidneys are made up of millions of excretory units called Nephrons
Answer: Nephrons
In simple words: Tiny filtering units called nephrons are inside our kidneys. They clean the blood and make urine. There are millions of them, working together.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify nephrons as the functional units of the kidney, responsible for filtration and urine formation.

 

III. Say True or False:

 

Question 1. Liver transport nutrients, oxygen, wastes, and hormones
Answer: False
In simple words: The liver does many things, but it's mainly the blood itself that carries nutrients, oxygen, and hormones around the body, not the liver directly. The liver processes nutrients and wastes, but blood is the main transporter.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the liver's metabolic functions (processing) and the blood's circulatory function (transporting).

 

Question 2. Blood vessels consist of arteries and veins.
Answer: True
In simple words: Blood vessels are like pipes that carry blood around our body. The two main types are arteries, which take blood away from the heart, and veins, which bring it back.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that capillaries, the smallest blood vessels, also play a crucial role in exchanging substances between blood and tissues.

 

Question 3. Crab has blue blood.
Answer: True
In simple words: Some animals, like crabs, have blue blood. This is because their blood uses a copper-based molecule to carry oxygen, unlike humans who use iron, which makes our blood red.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that blood color in different animals depends on the metal ion in their oxygen-carrying protein (e.g., iron in hemoglobin for red, copper in hemocyanin for blue).

 

Question 4. Autonomous nervous system carries sensation from the organs to the brain.
Answer: True
In simple words: The autonomous nervous system helps control things we don't think about, like our heart beating. It also carries signals from our organs to the brain, helping the brain know what's happening inside our body automatically.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that the autonomic nervous system manages unconscious bodily functions and internal sensory feedback.

 

Question 5. Average weight of human brain is 2.3 kg.
Answer: False
In simple words: The average human brain weighs much less than 2.3 kg. It's usually about 1.3 to 1.4 kg for adults. This shows how complex and efficient our brain is, despite its size.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the approximate average weight of the human brain (around 1.3-1.4 kg) helps in correcting common misconceptions.

 

Question 6. Brain is made up of eight immovable bones.
Answer: True
In simple words: Our brain is protected by a strong casing called the cranium, which is made of eight bones. These bones are tightly joined together, making them immovable to keep the brain safe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that the skull (cranium) is a key protective structure for the brain, formed by several fused bones.

 

Question 7. Fore brain lies behind the cerebrum.
Answer: False
In simple words: The cerebrum is actually part of the forebrain, and it's the largest part. So, the forebrain doesn't lie behind the cerebrum; it includes the cerebrum.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clarify the anatomical positions: the forebrain is the anterior part of the brain and contains the cerebrum.

 

Question 8. Fore brain is the centre of human memory.
Answer: True
In simple words: The forebrain, especially the cerebrum within it, is responsible for many important functions including memory, thinking, and learning. It acts as the command center for higher-level processes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that higher cognitive functions like memory, intelligence, and reasoning are primarily associated with the forebrain.

 

IV. Circle the Odd One Out:

 

Question 1. Circle the odd one out:
(a) Heart
(b) Blood vessels
(c) Arachnoid membrane
(d) Pia meter
Answer: (b) Cranium
In simple words: This question is about parts of the circulatory system versus parts of the brain or its coverings. Heart and blood vessels are part of the circulatory system. Arachnoid membrane and pia mater (often misspelled as 'pia meter') are layers protecting the brain. 'Cranium' is the skull that protects the brain. Given the options, the answer indicates Cranium is the odd one, but it's not in the options list. This highlights a likely error in the original question's options or answer. Sticking to the provided answer, Cranium is generally seen as a protective bone casing, distinct from internal structures or membranes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always pay close attention to categorization when identifying the odd one out; classify each item to find the outlier.

 

Question 2. Circle the odd one out:
(a) Air way
(b) Lungs
(c) Liver
(d) Muscles of respiration
Answer: (c) Liver
In simple words: Airway, lungs, and muscles of respiration are all parts of the respiratory system, which helps us breathe. The liver, however, is part of the digestive system and helps process food. So, liver is the odd one out.

🎯 Exam Tip: Group the options by body system (e.g., respiratory, digestive, circulatory) to quickly identify the one that doesn't fit.

 

Question 3. Circle the odd one out:
(a) pancreatic juice
(b) Bile
(c) Digestive enzymes
(d) paracardial fluid
Answer: (d) paracardial fluid
In simple words: Pancreatic juice, bile, and digestive enzymes all play a role in digestion, helping to break down food. Paracardial fluid (also called pericardial fluid) is found around the heart and protects it, so it's not related to digestion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the functions of each fluid mentioned; fluids related to digestion are distinct from those protecting organs.

 

Question 4. Circle the odd one out:
(a) Nasal cavity
(b) Pharynx
(c) Nostrils
(d) Pancreas
Answer: (d) Pancreas
In simple words: Nasal cavity, pharynx, and nostrils are all parts of the respiratory system, which is used for breathing and smelling. The pancreas is an organ that helps with digestion and making hormones, so it belongs to a different body system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the primary body system each organ belongs to to differentiate between them effectively.

 

Question 6. Circle the odd one out:
(a) Pharynx
(b) Larynx
(c) bronchi
(d) Arteries
Answer: (d) Arteries
In simple words: Pharynx, larynx, and bronchi are all parts of the respiratory system, which is used for breathing. Arteries, however, are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, belonging to the circulatory system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Classify the terms into body systems to find the one that doesn't fit, often a part of a different system.

 

V. Match the Following:

 

Question 1. Match the following:

Answer:
1. d) Tape worm
2. a) Blue blood
3. b) White blood
4. c) Digestion of fat
In simple words: This match helps us connect different biological facts. Human intestines can host tapeworms. Crabs have blue blood due to copper. Cockroaches have white blood. Bile helps in digesting fats.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, connect each item to its correct pair, focusing on specific characteristics or relationships.

 

Question 2. Match the following:

Answer:
1. b) Digestive enzymes
2. a) Breaking starch
3. d) Parotid
4. c) Alimentary canal
In simple words: This helps us understand the digestive process. Pancreatic juice has many digestive enzymes. Salivary enzymes begin breaking down starch. The parotid is a type of salivary gland. The digestive tract is another name for the alimentary canal.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the specific roles of enzymes and glands in digestion is essential for these types of questions.

 

VI. Answer Briefly:

 

Question 1. What is digestion?
Answer: Digestion is the process where our body breaks down big, complex food pieces into smaller, simpler molecules. These smaller pieces can then be absorbed and used by the body for energy and growth. It starts from the moment we put food in our mouth.
In simple words: Digestion is when food is broken down into tiny parts so our body can use it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define digestion by focusing on the breakdown of complex food into simpler, absorbable molecules.

 

Question 2. What are the compounds present in the food?
Answer: Food contains big, complex compounds like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. These are the main types of nutrients our body needs to function well. They provide energy and building blocks.
In simple words: Food has big compounds like carbs, proteins, and fats.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the three major macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) as the primary complex compounds in food.

 

Question 3. Mention the 3 important digestive glands in the process of digestion?
Answer: The three important digestive glands that help in digestion are:

• Salivary glands
• Pancreas
• Liver

These glands produce juices and enzymes vital for breaking down food.
In simple words: The three key glands for digestion are salivary glands, pancreas, and liver.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly name each gland and briefly state its role in digestion for a complete answer.

 

Question 4. Why do we eat?
Answer: We eat because food gives our body energy, which is needed to stay alive and do all our daily activities. Food also helps our body grow and fix itself, like repairing damaged cells. It's the fuel and building material for our body.
In simple words: We eat for energy, to grow, and to fix our body parts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight energy, growth, and repair as the fundamental reasons why living organisms consume food.

 

Question 5. What happens when we swallow our food?
Answer: When we swallow food, several things happen:

• First, our tongue pushes a small portion of the food towards the top of the esophagus.
• Then, muscles in the esophagus create wave-like movements, pushing the food down to the stomach.
• After the stomach, the food moves into the small intestine and then the large intestine for further digestion and absorption.

This whole process is controlled and coordinated by our body.
In simple words: When we swallow, the tongue pushes food down the throat, muscles move it to the stomach, and then it goes to the intestines.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the sequential movement of food through the digestive tract, mentioning key organs involved after swallowing.

 

Question 6. What are the most important toxic gases in smoke?
Answer: Smoke contains many harmful gases, but the most important toxic gas found in smoke is carbon monoxide. This gas is very dangerous because it stops blood from carrying oxygen properly.
In simple words: The most harmful gas in smoke is carbon monoxide.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify carbon monoxide as a highly toxic gas in smoke and briefly explain why it's harmful (oxygen deprivation).

 

Question 7. What is the primary organ of the respiratory system?
Answer: The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system. These are cone-shaped organs located near the backbone, on both sides of the heart. They are essential for breathing and exchanging gases.
In simple words: The lungs are the main organs for breathing, found on either side of our heart.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the lungs as the primary organs and mention their location and basic function.

 

Question 8. Name the muscles of respiration?
Answer: The main muscles involved in respiration, or breathing, are the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is a large, dome-shaped muscle below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles are between the ribs. Both work together to help us inhale and exhale.
In simple words: The diaphragm and intercostal muscles are the main muscles we use to breathe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the two key muscle groups (diaphragm and intercostal muscles) responsible for the mechanical process of breathing.

 

VII. Answer in Detail:

 

Question 1. Draw a flow chart to explain the function of digestive system in human being.
Answer: The human digestive system processes food through a series of organs. Food enters through the mouth and travels down the alimentary canal, undergoing various stages of digestion and absorption. This systematic pathway ensures all necessary nutrients are extracted.
In simple words: Food enters through the mouth, travels through a tube called the alimentary canal, and passes through different organs like the stomach and intestines. Each part helps break down and absorb nutrients from the food before waste leaves the body.

🎯 Exam Tip: When drawing a flowchart, ensure clear labels for each step and correct directional arrows to show the sequence of food movement.

 

Question 2. Draw and label the parts for the structure of kidney.
Answer: The kidneys are vital organs of the excretory system, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine. Each kidney has specific parts that work together to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
In simple words: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that filter our blood. Urine flows from the kidneys through tubes called ureters to the urinary bladder, which stores it. Finally, urine leaves the body through the urethra.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure that all major parts of the kidney and associated structures (ureter, bladder, urethra) are clearly drawn and labeled accurately.

 

Question 3. Explain the structure of heart.
Answer: The heart is a muscular organ, shaped like a cone, vital for pumping blood. It is protected by a double-layered membrane called the pericardium, which contains pericardial fluid to cushion it from shocks. The heart rests within the rib cage, between the two lungs. It has four chambers: two upper chambers called atria (or auricles) and two lower, thicker chambers called ventricles. A muscular wall, the auriculo-ventricular septum, separates these upper and lower chambers. The right side of the heart receives de-oxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. Conversely, the left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to different parts of the body. This continuous pumping ensures blood circulation throughout the entire body.
In simple words: The heart is a muscular, cone-shaped organ with four chambers. It has a protective cover called the pericardium. The right side pumps dirty blood to the lungs, and the left side pumps clean blood to the rest of the body.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing the heart, include its shape, protective covering, number and names of chambers, and the distinct functions of its right and left sides for blood circulation.