Samacheer Kalvi Class 5 Science Solutions Term 2 Chapter 1 Food

Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer:

 

Question 1. The biotic factor which spoils the food item is
(a) drying
(b) temperature
(c) humidity
(d) bacteria
Answer: (d) bacteria
In simple words: Biotic factors are living things. Among the choices, bacteria are living and can make food go bad. They grow on food and cause it to spoil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that biotic factors involve living organisms like bacteria or fungi, while abiotic factors are non-living conditions such as temperature or humidity.

 

Question 2. Grains are preserved by
(a) drying
(b) freezing
(c) adding sugar
(d) adding salt
Answer: (a) drying
In simple words: Drying takes out the water from grains. This stops tiny living things like bacteria and fungi from growing and spoiling the grains, making them last longer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Drying is one of the oldest and simplest preservation methods, commonly used for grains and pulses because it removes moisture essential for microbial growth.

 

Question 3. Anaemia is a disease which occurs due to lack of
(a) Vitamin-A
(b) Vitamin-B
(c) Iron
(d) Vitamin-D
Answer: (c) Iron
In simple words: Anaemia happens when your body does not have enough iron. Iron helps your blood carry oxygen, so without enough of it, you can feel tired and weak.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering questions about deficiency diseases, always link the disease directly to the specific nutrient that is missing in the diet.

 

Question 4. Storage of excess fat in the body is known as
(a) obesity
(b) headache
(c) fever
(d) stomach pain
Answer: (a) obesity
In simple words: When a person has too much body fat, it is called obesity. This can cause health problems and is often due to eating more calories than the body uses.

🎯 Exam Tip: Obesity is a significant health concern linked to various lifestyle diseases, highlighting the importance of a balanced diet and regular physical activity.

 

Question 5. Carbohydrates are rich in
(a) ghee
(b) fruits
(c) rice
(d) oil
Answer: (c) rice
In simple words: Rice is a major source of carbohydrates, which give our body energy. Fruits also contain carbohydrates, but rice is typically much richer in them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carbohydrates are the body's primary energy source, and staple foods like rice, wheat, and potatoes are excellent examples of carb-rich foods.

II. Fill in the blanks:

 

Question 1. Night blindness is caused by the lack of _________.
Answer: Vitamin A
In simple words: If your body does not get enough Vitamin A, you might have trouble seeing in dim light, which is called night blindness. This vitamin is very important for healthy eyes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Many vision problems are linked to specific vitamin deficiencies, so remember which vitamin supports eye health.

 

Question 2. Marasmus is a _________ deficiency disease.
Answer: protein
In simple words: Marasmus is a disease that happens when a person does not eat enough protein and calories. It makes people, especially children, look very thin.

🎯 Exam Tip: Protein is crucial for growth and repair in the body, and its severe lack leads to conditions like Marasmus and Kwashiorkor.

 

Question 3. Bad smell from the food item is due to _________.
Answer: Evaporation
In simple words: When food starts to smell bad, it is often because of evaporation or the growth of tiny living things. Evaporation can dry out food, changing its normal state.

🎯 Exam Tip: Food spoilage is a complex process; while evaporation can change food's texture, microbial growth is the primary cause of bad odors in spoiled food.

 

Question 4. Humidity in air is one of the _________ factor, which spoils food.
Answer: Decompose
In simple words: High humidity in the air is a factor that helps food go bad, or decompose. It provides the moisture that tiny living things need to grow and spoil food.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding environmental factors like humidity helps in choosing suitable food storage methods to prevent spoilage.

 

Question 5. Using low-quality gas tubes in the gas stove may lead to _________ leakage.
Answer: Gas
In simple words: If you use gas tubes that are not good quality, they can break or crack. This can cause gas to leak out of the stove, which is very dangerous.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use ISI-certified gas equipment and regularly check for leaks to ensure kitchen safety and prevent accidents.

III. Match the following:

 

Question 1. Match the following items.
Answer:
1. Protein deficiency - Kwashiorkor
2. Rickets - Vitamin -D
3. Obesity - Physical inactivity
4. Kerosene - In-flammable material
5. Freezing - Fruits
In simple words: We match the health problems or items with their related cause or type. For example, not enough protein causes Kwashiorkor, and Rickets is due to a lack of Vitamin D. Kerosene is a flammable liquid, and freezing is a way to preserve fruits.

🎯 Exam Tip: In matching questions, carefully read both columns and identify the most direct and accurate connection for each item.

IV. Say True or False:

 

Question 1. Vinegar is added as a preservative for pickles.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, vinegar is often used to keep pickles fresh for a long time. Its acidic nature stops harmful germs from growing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Acidic substances like vinegar help preserve food by creating an environment where most spoilage-causing microbes cannot survive.

 

Question 2. Irradiation affects the taste of food materials.
Answer: False
In simple words: This statement is false. Food irradiation is a process that uses radiation to kill germs, and it does not usually change the taste, texture, or nutritional value of food.

🎯 Exam Tip: Food irradiation is a preservation method that targets microbes, and its main goal is to extend shelf life without altering the food's sensory qualities.

 

Question 3. In case of gas leakage, we can continue to use electrical appliances.
Answer: False
In simple words: No, this is false. If there is a gas leak, you should never use electrical appliances. Sparks from switches or plugs can cause the gas to catch fire or explode, leading to a serious accident.

🎯 Exam Tip: Gas leaks require immediate and careful action; always prioritize safety by avoiding anything that could create a spark or flame.

 

Question 4. Deficiency due to iodine is called beriberi.
Answer: False
In simple words: This is false. Beriberi is a disease caused by a lack of Vitamin B1. When you don't get enough iodine, you can get a condition called goiter, not beriberi.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful not to confuse different deficiency diseases; each is linked to a specific nutrient. Iodine deficiency leads to goiter, while Vitamin B1 deficiency causes beriberi.

 

Question 5. Growing children need more proteins in their food.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, this is true. Children who are growing need more protein than adults because protein helps build muscles, bones, and other body parts. It is essential for their development.

🎯 Exam Tip: Proteins are the building blocks of the body, making them especially vital for children during their rapid growth phases.

V. Answer briefly:

 

Question 1. Define deficiency disease.
Answer: Deficiency diseases happen when a person does not get enough of one or more important nutrients. These diseases occur because the body lacks the necessary vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients to function properly.
In simple words: A deficiency disease is a sickness caused by not getting enough vitamins, minerals, or other important nutrients from food.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining terms, always state the core concept clearly and then add a brief explanation of its cause or effect.

 

Question 2. What is known as balanced diet?
Answer: A balanced diet is the food we eat every day that contains all the nutrients our body needs in the right amounts. This diet helps our body grow well and stay healthy. It includes carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals in proper proportions.
In simple words: A balanced diet means eating all the right kinds of food in the right amounts so your body gets everything it needs to be healthy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize both "all nutrients" and "right quantities" when defining a balanced diet, as both aspects are crucial.

 

Question 3. How can we prevent obesity?
Answer: To prevent obesity, we can follow these steps:
1. We should avoid eating fast foods, fried items, and meats with a lot of fat.
2. It is good to eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and nuts.
3. We need to do physical exercises regularly to keep our bodies active.
4. We should not spend too much time playing games on computers and mobile phones.
5. Having enough sleep is also important for staying healthy and preventing weight gain.
In simple words: We can prevent getting too much fat in our body by not eating unhealthy food, eating more fruits and vegetables, exercising, and getting enough sleep.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing prevention methods for health issues, focus on both dietary habits and lifestyle choices, ensuring a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 4. What should we do in case of minor burns?
Answer: If someone has a minor burn, the first thing to do is hold the burnt area under cool, running water for some time. After that, it is important to get proper medical treatment to help it heal well. This immediate cooling helps reduce pain and prevent further tissue damage.
In simple words: For small burns, put the burnt part under cool water right away, then get help from a doctor.

🎯 Exam Tip: For first aid questions, remember the immediate action to take and the importance of seeking professional medical help when necessary.

 

Question 5. Define spoilage of food.
Answer: Spoilage of food is when food changes from its normal, fresh state and becomes unfit to eat. These changes can include bad smells, altered taste, or a different look, usually caused by microbial growth or chemical reactions.
In simple words: Food spoilage means food becomes different from how it should be and is no longer good to eat.

🎯 Exam Tip: A clear definition should include both what food spoilage is (change from normal state) and its consequence (unfit to eat).

 

Question 6. What is the purpose of food preservation?
Answer: The purpose of food preservation is:
1. To keep the food's color, taste, and good nutrients.
2. To make sure food is available for eating all through the year.
3. To stop tiny living things like bacteria and fungi from growing in the food and spoiling it.
4. To reduce how much food gets wasted.
5. Besides keeping us healthy, preserving food also helps make sure food is available for people who need it. This also helps in food security.
In simple words: Food preservation helps keep food good for longer, so it stays tasty and nutritious, is available all year, and less food gets wasted.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the purpose of a process, consider both the direct benefits (like retaining quality) and broader impacts (like reducing waste and ensuring availability).

VI. Answer in detail:

 

Question 1. Write about food preservation methods.
Answer: Here are some common ways to preserve food:
* Drying: This method removes water from food, often by placing it in sunlight. Without water, germs cannot grow easily. For example, grains are dried to preserve them.
* Addition of salt: Adding salt to food draws out its water content. This makes it harder for tiny living things to spoil the food. Fish and pickles are often preserved with salt.
* Addition of sugar: Sugar helps preserve food by dissolving in its water content, which also stops spoilage-causing germs. Jams and fruit juices use sugar for preservation.
* Freezing: Storing food in very cold temperatures stops the growth of microbes and slows down changes that spoil food. Fruits and vegetables are commonly frozen.
* Boiling: Heating food to a high temperature, like boiling, kills many micro-organisms that can spoil food. Milk and water are often boiled to make them safe.
* Canning and bottling: Food is sealed in airtight cans or bottles to keep out germs. This method ensures that no new microbes can enter and spoil the food. Milk powder is often canned.
* Addition of chemical preservatives: Special chemicals are added to food to stop microbes from growing. Examples include adding sodium benzoate to fruits, sulfur dioxide to dry fruits, and vinegar to pickles. These chemicals are approved for safe food use.
In simple words: Food can be kept fresh using different methods like drying to remove water, adding salt or sugar to stop germs, freezing to slow down spoiling, boiling to kill germs, sealing in cans, or adding special chemicals. All these help food last longer and stay good to eat.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing methods, always state the technique, explain how it works (the scientific principle), and provide a relevant example for each.

 

Question 2. Explain the different types of food.
Answer: Different types of food provide various nutrients essential for our body. Here are some main types:
1. Grains (like rice, wheat)
2. Vegetables (like spinach, carrots)
3. Fruits (like apples, bananas)
4. Milk (and dairy products)
5. Meat, Fish, Egg
6. Fat/Oil, Salt and Sugar
Some major food items and their sources are shown in this table:

In simple words: We eat different kinds of food like grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, meat, and fats. Each type gives our body different things it needs, like energy from carbohydrates, or building blocks from proteins.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to explain types of food, list the main categories and optionally include a table to show examples and their primary nutrients.

 

Question 3. Write about kitchen safety.
Answer: The kitchen is a very important room in our homes where we cook food. We often use gas cylinders or electric stoves. Because of the equipment and cooking processes, the kitchen can sometimes be a bit dangerous. So, we must be very careful and cautious. Here is a table showing what we should do and what we should not do when using gas cylinders:

In simple words: The kitchen can be risky, so always be careful. Keep gas cylinders upright in open areas, have a lighter ready before turning on the gas, open windows for fresh air, and only use good quality gas equipment. Never use electrical items or turn on gas without a lighter during a gas leak.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing safety, use clear "do's and don'ts" to highlight proper procedures and potential dangers, especially when dealing with gas appliances.

VII. Higher order thinking questions:

 

Question 1. Ram put water over a burning wood in the kitchen. The fire is put off. How the water was able to put out the fire?
Answer: When Ram poured water on the burning wood, the water did two main things to put out the fire. First, it displaced the free oxygen molecules, meaning it pushed away the oxygen that the fire needed to burn. Oxygen has two atoms and is crucial for combustion. Second, the water quickly turned into steam because of the fire's heat, which helped carry the heat away from the burning wood. This cooling made the wood too cold to continue burning, effectively extinguishing the fire. This process is known as cooling and smothering the fire.
In simple words: Water put out the fire by pushing away the air (oxygen) the fire needed and by making the burning wood very cold. The water turned into steam and took the heat away.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the principles of fire suppression (removing oxygen and cooling) when describing how water puts out a fire, using simple, clear language.

Activities:

Activity 1.

 

Question. Classify the following into perishable and non-perishable food items. Salt, Sugar, Apple, Corn, Orange, Wheat, Pulses, Tomato, Papaya, Rice, Cucumber.
Answer:

In simple words: Perishable foods spoil quickly, like fruits and vegetables, so they need to be kept cold. Non-perishable foods like salt, sugar, and grains last a long time without spoiling easily.

🎯 Exam Tip: Perishable foods generally have high moisture content and nutrient levels, making them ideal for microbial growth, while non-perishable foods are often dry or have preserving properties.

Activity 2.

 

Question. Look at the fruits and vegetables in your house. Is there any spoiled one? Find out the reason for that.
Answer:

In simple words: Different foods show different signs when they go bad. Bananas get wrinkled when they lose water. Bread gets green spots because of mold. Potatoes shrink and smell bad due to changes in how warm and wet the air is around them.

🎯 Exam Tip: When observing food spoilage, connect the visual or olfactory symptom directly to a specific cause like moisture loss, microbial growth, or environmental factors.

Activity 3.

 

Question. Find your B.M.I
My B.M.I \( = \frac { \text{My weight kg} }{ \text{My height in m}^2 } \)
Answer: This activity needs to be done by the students themselves. To find your BMI, you divide your weight in kilograms by the square of your height in meters. For example, if you weigh 50 kg and are 1.5 meters tall, your BMI would be \( 50 / (1.5 \times 1.5) \).
In simple words: Students should calculate their own BMI by using the formula given. You measure how much you weigh and how tall you are, then do a simple math problem to find your Body Mass Index.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that BMI is a measure that helps assess body weight relative to height, but it is a general indicator and not always perfect for every individual.

Activity 4.

 

Question. Find out the common disease prevalent in your area. Find out the reason for them an discuss with your teacher how to get remedy for them.
Answer:

In simple words: In many places, dengue fever is common. It is caused by a virus that mosquitoes carry. To stop it, we should protect ourselves from mosquito bites by using repellents and keeping our surroundings clean to prevent mosquito breeding.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing local diseases, identify the specific disease, its cause (vector or pathogen), and practical preventative measures.

Samacheer Kalvi 5th Science Guide Food Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct Answer:

 

Question 1. Microorganisms present in spoiled foods may cause _________ diseases.
(a) foodborne
(b) Diabetes
(c) Colour blindness
(d) Cholera
Answer: (a) foodborne
In simple words: When tiny living things spoil food, they can cause illnesses that you get from eating bad food. These are called foodborne diseases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that the term "foodborne" specifically refers to diseases transmitted through contaminated food, which is often due to microbial growth.

 

Question 2. _________ disease is spread from one person to another.
(a) Heart disease
(b) Common cold
(c) Marasmus
(d) Diabetes
Answer: (b) Common cold
In simple words: The common cold is an illness that can easily pass from one person to another, especially through sneezes or coughs. Diseases that spread this way are called communicable or infectious diseases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between communicable diseases (spread person-to-person) and non-communicable diseases (like heart disease or diabetes, which are not contagious).

 

Question 3. Kwashiorkor is a _________ deficiency disease.
(a) Vitamin – A
(b) Iodine
(c) protein
(d) Iron
Answer: (c) protein
In simple words: Kwashiorkor is a sickness that happens when children do not get enough protein in their diet. It often causes a swollen belly and other health problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Kwashiorkor is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition, specifically linked to inadequate protein intake.

 

Question 4. Beri beri is a disease which occurs due to lack of _________.
(a) Vitamin-A
(b) Vitamin -B
(c) Iron
(d) Vitamin-D
Answer: (b) Vitamin -B
In simple words: Beriberi is a disease caused by not having enough Vitamin B, especially Vitamin B1, in your body. It can affect your nerves and heart.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that Vitamin B is a group of vitamins, and Beriberi specifically points to a deficiency in thiamine (Vitamin B1).

 

Question 5. Type of Fire Extinguisher for the fire caused by Liquid, Gaseous fuels is
(a) Carbon dioxide
(c) Water
(b) Oxygen
(d) Dry chemical
Answer: (a) Carbon dioxide
In simple words: For fires caused by liquids or gases, a carbon dioxide extinguisher is best. It puts out the fire by taking away its oxygen and cooling it, without making a mess like water would.

🎯 Exam Tip: Different types of fires (Class B for liquids, Class C for gases) require specific extinguishing agents to be effective and safe.

II. Fill in the blanks:

 

Question 1. BMI = _________
Answer: Weight In kg / Height In m2
In simple words: BMI is calculated by dividing your weight in kilograms by your height in meters, squared. It helps us understand if a person's weight is healthy for their height.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the full form and the formula for BMI (Body Mass Index) as it's a key health indicator.

 

Question 2. Food is exposed to _________ rays or _________ rays.
Answer: Gamma, ultra violet
In simple words: To preserve food or make it safer, it can be treated with special types of light rays like gamma rays or ultraviolet rays. These rays help kill germs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Food irradiation is a technique that uses gamma rays, X-rays, or electron beams (similar to UV) to kill bacteria, parasites, and insects.

 

Question 3. Regular _________ can reduce obesity and overweight.
Answer: physical activity
In simple words: Doing regular exercises and physical activities helps burn calories and keeps your body healthy, which can prevent you from becoming too heavy or obese.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that a combination of a balanced diet and consistent physical activity is key to managing weight and preventing obesity.

 

Question 4. Infectious diseases are caused by _________.
Answer: Micro-organisms
In simple words: Tiny living things like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are called micro-organisms. When these get into our body, they can make us sick with infectious diseases.

🎯 Exam Tip: Infectious diseases are often communicable, meaning they can spread from one individual to another, mainly through pathogens like bacteria and viruses.

 

Question 5. are highly nutritive food materials.
Answer: Spinach and Ponnanganni keerai are two examples of highly nutritious food materials. They contain many important nutrients that help our bodies stay healthy and strong.
In simple words: Spinach and Ponnanganni keerai are foods that give us a lot of energy and nutrients.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on listing a few examples of nutrient-rich foods that are commonly known.

III. Say True or False:

 

Question 1. Spoiled foods are suitable to eat.
Answer: False. Spoiled foods are not good to eat because they can make you sick. Harmful germs grow in spoiled food, which can cause illness if consumed.
In simple words: No, don't eat spoiled food, it can make you ill.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always avoid eating spoiled food as it can cause food poisoning and other health issues.

 

Question 2. People with BMIs between 18.5 and 25 have less chance of developing diseases like cancer.
Answer: True. People who have a Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5 and 25 are usually considered to be at a healthy weight. This healthy weight range helps reduce the risk of many diseases, including some types of cancer.
In simple words: Yes, if your BMI is between 18.5 and 25, you are healthy and less likely to get certain sicknesses.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that a healthy BMI is one indicator of overall well-being and is associated with lower health risks.

 

Question 3. Do not operate electrical appliances with wet hands.
Answer: True. You should never touch electrical appliances when your hands are wet. Water can conduct electricity, which can give you an electric shock. It's a crucial safety rule to prevent accidents.
In simple words: Correct, wet hands and electricity are a dangerous mix; always keep your hands dry.

🎯 Exam Tip: Water and electricity do not mix! Always ensure your hands are dry to prevent electrical accidents.

 

Question 4. Keep the inflammable materials near the gas stoves.
Answer: False. You should never keep materials that can easily catch fire, like inflammable items, close to gas stoves. This is very dangerous and can cause a fire or an explosion, risking safety.
In simple words: No, never put things that can easily burn next to a hot stove; it's very unsafe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always store flammable materials far away from heat sources like stoves to prevent fires.

 

Question 5. Use proper fire extinguishers to put out the fire.
Answer: True. Using the correct type of fire extinguisher is important to safely put out different kinds of fires. Knowing which one to use for what type of fire can help prevent bigger damage and ensure safety.
In simple words: Yes, use the right fire extinguisher for the right fire; it's safer and works better.

🎯 Exam Tip: Different types of fire extinguishers are designed for specific types of fires (e.g., electrical, liquid, solid materials); always use the appropriate one.

IV. Match the Following:

 

Question 1.
1. Metabolic factor - a. Cholera
2. Genetic factor - b. Marasmus
3. Microorganisms - c. Colour blindness
4. Nutritional factor - d. Bacterial diseases
5. Environment factor - e. Diabetes
Answer:

In simple words: Diseases can be caused by how our body works, our genes, tiny germs, what we eat, or even our surroundings. This table matches each cause to a related disease.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the different categories of disease causes helps in matching them correctly. Remember that each factor is linked to a specific type of disease.

 

Question 2.
1. Vitamin - A - a. Cholera
2. Vitamin -B - b. Marasmus
3. Vitamin -C - c. Colour blindness
4. Vitamin - D - d. Bacterial diseases
5. Vitamin - E - e. Diabetes
Answer:

In simple words: This table links each vitamin to a specific disease, showing a relationship between them based on the provided information.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to how the question relates vitamins to diseases, as the pairings might be specific to the given context.

V. Answer Briefly:

 

Question 1. Which food items are called Perishable foods?
Answer: Perishable foods are types of food that spoil quickly and stay fresh for only a short period. Examples include fruits, vegetables, milk, and meat. They need to be stored carefully to last longer and prevent spoilage.
In simple words: Foods that go bad fast, like fruits, vegetables, milk, and meat, are called perishable. They only stay fresh for a short time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Foods that spoil easily are called perishable; they often need refrigeration or special preservation methods to extend their freshness.

 

Question 2. What is meant by the preservation of food?
Answer: Food preservation is the method of treating food items to keep them fresh and safe to eat for a longer period. This process helps to stop them from spoiling quickly by slowing down or preventing the growth of harmful microorganisms.
In simple words: Food preservation is about making food last longer without getting rotten or bad.

🎯 Exam Tip: Food preservation aims to extend the shelf life of food by preventing spoilage, often by slowing down or stopping microbial growth.

 

Question 3. What is Irradiation?
Answer: Irradiation is a modern way to preserve food where food is treated with special rays, like gamma rays or ultraviolet rays. These rays help to kill tiny germs such as bacteria and mold that can spoil the food, making it safer and last longer.
In simple words: Irradiation uses special rays to clean food and kill germs so it stays good for longer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Irradiation uses radiation to kill microbes and extend food shelf life, improving safety and preventing spoilage without making the food radioactive.

 

Question 4. What are the sources to be removed to avoid fire?
Answer: To stop a fire, you need to remove three main things that a fire needs to burn. First, remove the fuel, which is anything that can burn. Second, cut off the air supply, as fire needs oxygen to keep burning. Third, cool down the temperature, because fire needs heat to keep going. Taking away any one of these three elements will put out the fire.
In simple words: To stop a fire, take away its fuel (what's burning), its air (oxygen), or its heat. Fires need all three to keep burning.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the 'fire triangle' components – fuel, oxygen, and heat – and that removing any one of them will extinguish a fire.

 

Question 5. What is the Difference between Marasmus and Kwashiorkor?
Answer: Marasmus and Kwashiorkor are both diseases caused by not getting enough nutrients. Marasmus happens when a child does not get enough protein and energy overall, leading to severe weight loss so they look very thin, almost like skin over bones. Kwashiorkor, on the other hand, is mainly caused by a lack of protein, and it makes a child's belly swell up, along with swelling in their face and feet, even if they seem to have some fat.
In simple words: Marasmus makes children very thin because they don't get enough food. Kwashiorkor makes children's bellies swell up due to not enough protein.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key difference is the appearance: Marasmus results in severe wasting and extreme thinness, while Kwashiorkor is characterized by edema (swelling), especially in the belly, face, and feet.

VI. Answer in Detail:

 

Question 1. What are the factors for food Spoilage?
Answer: Food can spoil due to several factors such as air and oxygen, moisture, light, tiny living things (micro-organisms), and temperature changes. Oxygen in the air can react with food components, which changes the color and taste of the food. If food loses its moisture, like when vegetables dry out, it can shrink and go bad because evaporation removes water. Natural chemicals called enzymes in food can also cause it to spoil by changing its texture, causing browning, and leading to decay. Small organisms like fungi and bacteria grow and multiply in food, making it rot, especially in favorable conditions like warmth. Too much light can cause food to change color and lose important vitamins, while high temperatures can greatly speed up the spoiling process of food.
In simple words: Food spoils because of air, moisture, light, germs, and how hot or cold it is. Each of these can make food change color, taste bad, or rot.

🎯 Exam Tip: For a detailed answer, list each factor clearly and provide a brief explanation of how it contributes to food spoilage, using simple cause-and-effect language.

 

Question 2. Explain the different types of diseases.
Answer: Diseases can be grouped into four main types:

• Infectious diseases are caused by tiny germs like bacteria or viruses that enter our body and grow. These diseases can easily spread from one person to another, like the common cold.
• Hereditary diseases are passed down from parents to their children through genes. These happen because of something wrong in a person's genetic information, for example, certain heart diseases.
• Physiological diseases occur when a part or organ in our body does not work correctly. Asthma is an example, where the breathing tubes do not function normally.
• Deficiency diseases happen when a person does not get enough of the important nutrients their body needs from food. Eating a balanced diet is very important to prevent these kinds of illnesses.

A diet that provides all necessary nutrients in the right amounts is key for good health.
In simple words: There are four main kinds of diseases: infectious (from germs), hereditary (from parents' genes), physiological (body parts not working right), and deficiency (not enough nutrients from food).

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining types of diseases, clearly define each type, state its cause, and provide a common example for better understanding.

 

Question 3. Write any 6 tips for fire protection and prevention.
Answer: Here are six important tips to protect yourself from fire and prevent it:

1. Keep things that can easily burn, like kerosene, far away from cooking gas stoves.
2. If someone's clothes catch fire, quickly cover them with a thick blanket or carpet to smother the flames.
3. For fires involving flammable liquids like kerosene or oil, use sand to put them out instead of water.
4. For fires involving solid things like wood or paper, water can be used to extinguish the flames.
5. If an electrical device catches fire, immediately unplug it and turn off the main electricity supply.
6. Always use the right kind of fire extinguisher for the specific type of fire to put it out safely.

Following these steps helps ensure everyone's safety and prevents small fires from becoming large.
In simple words: To stay safe from fire, keep burning things away from stoves, use a blanket for clothes on fire, sand for oil fires, water for wood fires, unplug electrical fires, and always use the correct fire extinguisher.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide practical and specific tips for different fire scenarios, emphasizing safety and appropriate responses for each to score full marks.