Samacheer Kalvi Class 10 Social Science Solutions Chapter 1 Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Solutions History Chapter 1 Outbreak Of World War I And Its Aftermath

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Outbreak Of World War I And Its Aftermath Text Book Back Questions And Answers

I. Choose The Correct Answer

 

Question 1. What were the three major empires shattered by the end of First World War?
(a) Germany, Austria Hungary, and the Ottomans
(b) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia
(c) Spain, Portugal and Italy
(d) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Answer: (a) Germany, Austria Hungary, and the Ottomans
In simple words: The First World War led to the collapse of three large empires: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. These empires were broken apart, and new countries were formed from their old territories.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to associate key historical events with their major outcomes, like the fall of empires after a world war.

 

Question 2. Where did the Ethiopian army defeat the Italian army?
(a) Delville
(b) Orange State
(c) Adowa
(d) Algiers
Answer: (c) Adowa
In simple words: The Ethiopian army won an important battle against the Italian army in a place called Adowa. This was a significant victory for Ethiopia, showing their strength against a European power.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note important battles and their locations, especially those involving unexpected outcomes, as they are often tested.

 

Question 3. Which country emerged as the strongest in East Asia towards the close of nineteenth century?
(a) China
(b) Japan
(c) Korea
(d) Mongolia
Answer: (b) Japan
In simple words: Towards the end of the 1800s, Japan grew to become the most powerful country in East Asia. It quickly modernized and became a strong military and economic force.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on identifying key regional powers and their rise during specific historical periods.

 

Question 4. Who said "imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism"?
(a) Lenin
(b) Marx
(c) Sun Yat-sen
(d) Mao Tsetung
Answer: (a) Lenin
In simple words: Lenin, a famous leader, believed that imperialism-when powerful countries take over weaker ones-is the most advanced form of capitalism, where businesses try to make more and more money. He thought imperialism was capitalism's final step.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember quotes from influential figures, especially those defining key political or economic concepts like imperialism.

 

Question 5. What is the Battle of Marne remembered for?
(a) air warfare
(b) trench warfare
(c) submarine warfare
(d) ship warfare
Answer: (b) trench warfare
In simple words: The Battle of Marne is well-known because it was one of the first major battles where soldiers fought from long, narrow ditches dug in the ground, called trenches. This type of fighting, known as trench warfare, became very common in World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect significant battles with the new military tactics or technologies that defined them.

 

Question 6. Which country after the World War I took to a policy of isolation?
(a) Britain
(b) France
(c) Germany
(d) USA
Answer: (d) USA
In simple words: After the First World War, the United States decided to stay out of other countries' problems and affairs. This approach is called a policy of isolation, where a country focuses mainly on its own matters and avoids getting involved in international conflicts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the foreign policy shifts of major nations after world wars, as isolationism was a notable trend for the USA.

 

Question 7. To which country did the first Secretary General of League of Nations belongs?
(a) Britain
(b) France
(c) Dutch
(d) USA
Answer: (a) Britain
In simple words: The very first main leader of the League of Nations, an organization created to help keep peace, came from Britain. His role was like a chief organizer for the new international group.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing key figures and their nationalities, especially for international organizations, can be important.

 

Question 8. Which country was expelled from the League of Nations for attacking Finland?
(a) Germany
(b) Russia
(c) Italy
(d) France
Answer: (b) Russia
In simple words: Russia was removed from the League of Nations because it attacked Finland. The League of Nations was supposed to stop countries from fighting, so it punished Russia for its aggression.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of the major actions taken by international organizations and the reasons behind expulsions or sanctions.

II. Fill In The Blanks

 

Question 1. Japan forced a war on China in the year ................
Answer: 1894
In simple words: Japan started a war with China in the year 1894. This conflict was known as the First Sino-Japanese War.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important dates associated with major wars and conflicts.

 

Question 2. The new state of Albania was created according to the Treaty of ................ signed in May 1913.
Answer: London
In simple words: The country of Albania was formed as a new state after a treaty was signed in London in May 1913. This treaty helped reshape the map of the Balkans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific treaties that led to the creation or redefinition of national borders.

 

Question 3. Japan entered into an alliance with England in the year ................
Answer: 1902
In simple words: Japan and England formed an important agreement to work together in the year 1902. This alliance was a significant diplomatic move for both countries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the key alliances formed between countries and their historical impact.

 

Question 4. In the Balkans ................ had mixed population.
Answer: Macedonia
In simple words: In the Balkan region, the area known as Macedonia had many different kinds of people living together. This mix of populations often led to disagreements and tensions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note regions with diverse populations, as they are often sources of historical conflict due to ethnic or religious differences.

 

Question 5. In the battle of Tannenberg ................ suffered heavy losses.
Answer: Russia
In simple words: During the Battle of Tannenberg, Russia lost a large number of soldiers. This battle was a major defeat for the Russian army during World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key battles and their significant losses for specific nations are important details to remember.

 

Question 6. ................ as Prime Minister represented France in Paris Peace Conference.
Answer: Clemenceau
In simple words: Clemenceau, who was the Prime Minister, spoke for France at the Paris Peace Conference. He played a big part in the discussions after World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the major leaders who represented their countries at important peace conferences.

 

Question 7. ................ became Prime Minister leading a new coalition of liberals and moderate Socialists before Lenin established the Bolshevik government.
Answer: Kerensky
In simple words: Before Lenin started the Bolshevik government, Kerensky was the Prime Minister in charge of a new group of liberal and moderate Socialist politicians. He led the temporary government in Russia.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the sequence of leadership changes during revolutions and the different political groups involved.

 

Question 8. Locarno Treaty was signed in the year ................
Answer: 1925
In simple words: The Locarno Treaty, an agreement aimed at ensuring peace in Europe, was officially signed in the year 1925. This treaty was important for trying to settle border disputes after World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the dates of major international treaties, as they mark important shifts in diplomatic relations.

III. Choose The Correct Statement

 

Question 1.
(i) Italy remained a neutral country when the World War broke out.
(ii) Italy was much disappointed over the peace settlement at Versailles.
(iii) The Treaty of Sevres was signed with Italy.
(iv) Italy was denied even small places such as Trieste, Istria and the south Tyrol.
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct
(b) (iii) is correct
(c) (iv) is correct
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
Answer: (a) (i) and (ii) are correct
In simple words: Italy did not join the war at the very beginning and was unhappy with the peace treaty after the war. This shows their mixed feelings and outcomes during and after World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: For "choose the correct statement" questions, evaluate each statement individually for accuracy before selecting the best option.

 

Question 2.
(i) The Turkish Empire contained many non-Turkish people in the Balkans.
(ii) Turkey fought on the side of the central powers
(iii) Britain attacked Turkey and captured Constantinople
(iv) Turkey's attempt to attack Suez Canal but were repulsed.
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct
(b) (i) and (Hi) are correct
(c) (iv) is correct
(d) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
Answer: (d) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
In simple words: The Turkish Empire had many different ethnic groups in the Balkans, and Turkey fought with the Central Powers during the war. Also, Turkey tried to attack the Suez Canal but was pushed back. These facts show Turkey's position and actions during World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the roles and actions of each major power during the war, including their alliances and key military campaigns.

 

Question 3. Assertion (A): Germany and the United States were producing cheaper manufactured goods and capturing England's markets. Reason (R): Both the countries produced required raw material for their industries.
(a) Both A and R are correct
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
(c) Both A and R are wrong
(d) R is right but it has no relevance to A.
Answer: (b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
In simple words: Germany and the United States were indeed making cheaper goods and taking over British markets, which is true. However, it is not true that both countries produced all their own raw materials, so the reason given is incorrect. The main idea is that new industrial powers challenged older ones.

🎯 Exam Tip: For assertion-reason questions, first check if Assertion (A) is true, then if Reason (R) is true, and finally, if R correctly explains A.

 

Question 4. Assertion (A): The first European attempts to carve out colonies in Africa resulted in bloody battles. Reason (R): There was stiff resistance from the native population.
(a) Both A and R are correct
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
(c) Both A and R are wrong
(d) R is right but it has no relevance to A.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are correct
In simple words: When European countries first tried to take over parts of Africa, there were many violent fights. This happened because the local people fought back strongly against the European invaders. Both statements are true and the reason explains the assertion well.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that local resistance was a significant factor in the violence of colonial expansion, often directly explaining why conflicts were "bloody."

IV. Match The Following

 

Question 1. Match the Column I with Column II.

Answer:
A. (iii) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Russia with Germany
B. (iv) Jingoism - England
C. (ii) Kemal Pasha - Turkey
D. (v) Emden - Madras
E. (i) Hall of Mirrors - Versailles
In simple words: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was between Russia and Germany. Jingoism was a strong sense of national pride in England. Kemal Pasha was a key figure in Turkey. The ship Emden attacked Madras. The Hall of Mirrors is where the Treaty of Versailles was signed. These pairings link important historical terms, people, and places.

🎯 Exam Tip: When matching, try to link each item in Column I with its most direct and relevant counterpart in Column II.

V. Answer Briefly

 

Question 1. How do you assess the importance of Sino-Japanese War?
Answer: The Sino-Japanese War happened between 1894 and 1895. China lost this war to Japan. After its victory, Japan took over the Liaotung peninsula, including Port Arthur, even though three powerful countries-Russia, Germany, and France-warned them not to. This act clearly showed that Japan had become the strongest nation in East Asia. It demonstrated Japan's growing military power and its ambition to expand its influence in the region.
In simple words: The Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) was important because Japan defeated China and then took land even after warnings from big European countries. This showed that Japan was becoming the strongest power in East Asia.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing the importance of a war, always mention its dates, who won/lost, and its key consequences like territorial changes or shifts in power dynamics.

 

Question 2. Name the countries in the Triple Entente.
Answer: The countries that formed the Triple Entente were Britain, France, and Russia. This alliance was a major power bloc during the period leading up to World War I. The Entente was created to balance power against other alliances in Europe.
In simple words: The three countries in the Triple Entente were Britain, France, and Russia.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the member countries of the major alliances, such as the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance, as they are fundamental to understanding World War I.

 

Question 3. What were the three militant forms of nationalism in Europe?
Answer: The three aggressive forms of nationalism seen in Europe were England's Jingoism, France's Chauvinism, and Germany's Kultur. These terms describe extreme pride and belief in one's own nation, often linked with a desire for military expansion or cultural superiority. Each form contributed to the rising tensions before World War I.
In simple words: The three aggressive types of nationalism in Europe were Jingoism in England, Chauvinism in France, and Kultur in Germany.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define specific terms like Jingoism, Chauvinism, and Kultur in the context of nationalism, and relate them to the countries they characterized.

 

Question 4. What do you know of trench warfare?
Answer: Trench warfare is a style of fighting on land where soldiers fight from long, deep ditches or trenches dug in the ground. These trenches provide good protection from enemy gunshots and artillery attacks. In this type of war, opposing armies attack, counter-attack, and defend their positions from these permanent networks of trenches. This method of fighting made battles very slow and costly in terms of lives.
In simple words: Trench warfare is a type of land fighting where soldiers hide and fight from long ditches dug in the ground. It protected them from enemy fire but made battles long and hard.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the key characteristics of trench warfare and its purpose (protection) as well as its impact on battles during World War I.

 

Question 5. What was the role of Mustafa Kemal Pasha?
Answer: When Britain directly attacked Turkey and tried to capture Constantinople, Turkish forces fought bravely. Mustafa Kemal Pasha played a very important role in leading his country to freedom. He ended the sultanate (rule by a sultan) and the caliphate (religious leadership) and worked to modernize Turkey, giving it a new international identity. His leadership transformed Turkey into a modern republic.
In simple words: Mustafa Kemal Pasha was a leader who helped Turkey fight off Britain and gain freedom. He ended old rulers and modernized Turkey, becoming known as the father of modern Turkey.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the crucial roles of national heroes like Mustafa Kemal Pasha in independence movements and modernization efforts.

 

Question 6. Highlight the global influence of Russian Revolution?
Answer: The Russian Revolution inspired people all around the world. It led to the formation of communist parties in many countries. The new Russian communist government supported colonies in their struggles for freedom and provided them with help. Important discussions about issues like land reforms, social welfare, workers' rights, and gender equality became part of global talks, largely influenced by the revolution's ideas.
In simple words: The Russian Revolution made people everywhere think about change, leading to communist parties and global talks on freedom, land, and workers' rights. It supported colonies fighting for independence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the international spread of ideas and the political impact of major revolutions beyond their originating country.

 

Question 7. List out any two causes for the failure of the League of Nations.
Answer: The League of Nations failed for several reasons. Firstly, it did not have its own military power, so it could not force countries to follow its decisions. Secondly, even though many countries were members, it mostly became a place for European diplomacy, meaning it could not effectively address problems outside Europe or impose universal rules.
In simple words: The League of Nations failed because it had no army to enforce its rules and it mostly focused on Europe, not global problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing failures of international organizations, focus on structural weaknesses (like lack of enforcement power) and operational limitations (like regional focus).

VI. Answer All The Questions Given Under Each Caption

 

Question 1. Imperialism
(a) What do you know of monopoly capitalism?
Answer: Monopoly Capitalism is a system where the government does not control trade or business, allowing free competition. However, this often leads to a few large companies dominating the market and controlling prices. It focuses on large companies having exclusive control over certain markets.
In simple words: Monopoly capitalism is when businesses are mostly free from government rules, which can lead to a few big companies controlling everything in their market.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining economic terms like monopoly capitalism, clearly state its characteristics, such as free trade and the concentration of power among a few entities.

 

(b) How did Japan emerge as an imperial power?
Answer: Japan became an imperial power by taking over the Liaotung peninsula, which included Port Arthur. It did this despite warnings from powerful nations like Russia, Germany, and France. This demonstrated Japan's military strength and its ambition to expand its territory and influence.
In simple words: Japan became an imperial power by taking over land like the Liaotung peninsula, showing its strength even when other big countries warned them not to.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the rise of an imperial power with specific acts of territorial acquisition and defiance of other major powers.

 

(c) Why did the industrial countries need colonies in the nineteenth century?
Answer: Industrial countries needed colonies in the 1800s for several reasons. Colonies provided new markets where they could sell their extra goods. They also offered large amounts of raw materials, like cotton and rubber, which were essential for their factories. Colonies helped power the growing industries back home.
In simple words: Industrial countries needed colonies to sell their extra products and to get many raw materials for their factories.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the economic motivations (markets, raw materials) when explaining why industrial powers sought colonies.

 

(d) What were the contrasts capitalism produced?
Answer: Capitalism created huge differences in wealth and living conditions. It led to extreme poverty on one side and extreme wealth on the other, visible in things like crowded slums next to tall skyscrapers. Capitalism also created a global system where powerful "empire states" controlled and exploited dependent colonies.
In simple words: Capitalism caused huge gaps between rich and poor, creating both slums and skyscrapers. It also made some countries powerful "empire states" and others exploited colonies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Discuss the social and economic inequalities that arose from capitalism, especially in the context of imperialism.

 

Question 2. German Emperor
(a) What was the nature of Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany?
Answer: Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany was known for being very assertive and aggressive in his rule. He famously stated that Germany would become the leader of the world. His strong and sometimes arrogant personality influenced German foreign policy.
In simple words: Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II was a very strong and aggressive leader who wanted Germany to be the world's leader.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe the key personality traits of important historical figures and how they impacted their leadership and national policy.

 

(b) What was the violent form of Germany called?
Answer: The aggressive and violent form of nationalism in Germany was referred to as Germany's Kultur. This term represented the belief in German cultural superiority and a readiness to assert German power through force. It often justified expansionist policies.
In simple words: Germany's aggressive national pride and culture was called Kultur.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific terms used to describe different nationalistic ideologies, such as "Kultur" for Germany.

 

(c) Why did Kaiser Wilhelm intervene in the Morocco affair?
Answer: Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany intervened in the Morocco affair because he wanted to challenge Britain's agreement with France about Morocco. Britain had agreed to France's interests in Morocco, but Kaiser Wilhelm intentionally recognized the independence of the Sultan of Morocco. He then demanded an international conference to decide Morocco's future, aiming to undermine Anglo-French relations.
In simple words: Kaiser Wilhelm stepped into the Morocco situation to challenge an agreement between Britain and France and to show Germany's power on the world stage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify specific diplomatic incidents, like the Morocco crises, and the reasons why major powers intervened, often to test alliances or assert influence.

 

(d) What happened to Germany's colonies in Africa?
Answer: During the war, Germany's colonies in western and eastern Africa were attacked by the Allied forces. Since these colonies were very far from Germany, they could not receive any quick help or support. Because of this, the German colonial forces eventually had to give up and surrender to the Allies.
In simple words: Germany's colonies in Africa were attacked by the Allies and had to surrender because they were too far from Germany to get help.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the fate of colonies belonging to defeated powers during and after major wars, often leading to their loss or redistribution.

 

Question 3. Balkan Wars
(a) Why was Balkan League formed?
Answer: The Balkan League was formed in March 1912 to control Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro. Its main goal was to fight against the Turks and to regain territories in the Balkans. The League aimed to secure independence and expand the territories of its member states.
In simple words: The Balkan League was created in 1912 by Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro to fight the Turks and control Balkan lands.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the purpose and members of regional alliances, especially those formed to achieve territorial or political goals.

 

(b) What was the outcome of the first Balkan War?
Answer: In the First Balkan War, the Balkan League successfully defeated the Turkish forces. This victory greatly reduced the Ottoman Empire's territory in Europe. The war proved the strength of the combined Balkan states.
In simple words: In the first Balkan War, the Balkan League beat the Turks, taking away much of the Ottoman Empire's land in Europe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the immediate results of conflicts, such as which side won and any significant territorial changes.

 

(c) Who were defeated in this war?
Answer: In the war, both Turkey and Bulgaria were defeated. Turkey lost most of its remaining European territories, while Bulgaria suffered losses after fighting against its former allies in the second phase of the war.
In simple words: Turkey and Bulgaria were both defeated in this war.

🎯 Exam Tip: For wars with multiple phases or participants, specify all the key defeated parties clearly.

 

(d) What was the name of the Treaty signed at the end of this second Balkan War?
Answer: The treaty signed at the end of the Second Balkan War was called the Treaty of Bucharest. It was signed in August 1913. This treaty formally concluded the Balkan Wars and redrew the borders in the region.
In simple words: The treaty signed after the second Balkan War was called the Treaty of Bucharest, signed in August 1913.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the names and dates of treaties that resolve wars, as they are crucial for understanding post-conflict arrangements.

VII. Answer The Following In Detail

 

Question 1. Discuss the main causes of the First World War.
Answer: The main causes of the First World War are listed below:
1. Formation of European alliances and counter-alliances: Major European powers formed complex military alliances, like the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance, creating a tense situation where a conflict between two countries could quickly involve many.
2. Emergence of violent forms of nationalism in countries like England, France and Germany: Extreme nationalistic ideologies, such as Jingoism in England, Chauvinism in France, and Kultur in Germany, fueled rivalry and a desire for dominance among nations.
3. Aggressive attitude of the German Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II: The Kaiser's assertive and militaristic foreign policy, including his ambition for Germany to be a world leader, heightened tensions across Europe.
4. Hostility of France towards Germany: Deep-seated resentment in France towards Germany, stemming from the Franco-Prussian War and the loss of Alsace-Lorraine, contributed to a desire for revenge.
5. Opportunity for imperial power politics in the Balkans: The Ottoman Empire's decline created a power vacuum in the Balkans, leading to competition among European powers for influence and territory in the region.
6. The Balkans wars: A series of conflicts in the Balkans, such as the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, destabilized the region and escalated local disputes into broader European concerns.
7. Immediate cause which included the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew and heir to Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria-Hungary, by Princip, a Bosnian Serb, on 28 June 1914. This single event triggered a chain reaction of alliances and declarations of war, quickly leading to the outbreak of World War I.
In simple words: The First World War was caused by many things: countries forming rival alliances, strong national pride in places like England, France, and Germany, and the aggressive actions of Germany's leader. France also hated Germany. There was a struggle for power in the Balkans, leading to several wars there. The final spark was when Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in June 1914, which set off the system of alliances and started the war.

🎯 Exam Tip: Structure your answer for "causes" by categorizing them (e.g., alliances, nationalism, imperialism) and clearly distinguishing between long-term and immediate causes.

 

Question 2. Highlight the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles relating to Germany.
Answer: The Treaty of Versailles included several harsh provisions specifically targeting Germany:
1. All the central powers were directed to pay war indemnity especially Germany was to pay heavy amount for the losses suffered. Germany was forced to pay a huge sum of money to the Allied powers for the damages caused during the war.
2. Germany had to pay 6,600 million pounds as per the Reparation Commission, but can be paid in installments. This massive amount of reparations was intended to be paid over time.
3. The Germans should not have submarines and airforce, but can have a small navy and an army of one lakh men. Germany's military power was severely limited, restricting its ability to wage offensive war.
4. Austria and Germany separated and Austria was given independence. The union between Austria and Germany was forbidden, and Austria became an independent state.
5. All German colonies came under the mandated territories of League of nations. Germany lost all its overseas colonies, which were then administered by the League of Nations.
6. Germany had to give up all her overseas possessions, rights and titles to the allies. This meant a significant loss of global influence and economic resources for Germany.
7. Germany surrendered Alsace-Lorraine to France. This territory, rich in resources, was a point of contention between the two nations.
8. She signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Russia and the treaty of Bucharest with Bulgaria. Germany was forced to recognize these treaties that redistributed territory in Eastern Europe.
9. Rhineland was to be occupied by the allies. East of Rhineland area was to be demilitarised. The Rhineland region was placed under Allied occupation and a demilitarized zone was established to protect France.
10. Poland was recreated with a corridor to Baltic containing the port of Danzig of Germany. This created a Polish Corridor to the sea, splitting German territory and giving Poland access to the Baltic.
In simple words: The Treaty of Versailles made Germany pay a lot of money for war damages (6,600 million pounds) and greatly reduced its army and navy. It lost all its colonies and had to give Alsace-Lorraine back to France. The Rhineland was occupied by allies and made a neutral zone. Also, Poland was given a path to the sea, cutting through German land.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing treaty provisions, focus on the punitive measures (reparations, military restrictions) and territorial changes imposed on the losing side.

 

Question 3. Explain the course of the Russian Revolution under the leadership of Lenin.
Answer: The Russian Revolution unfolded with Lenin's leadership in several key stages:
1. Lenin was in Switzerland when the revolution broke out in Russia. He wanted to continued revolution. He returned to Russia with strong ideas about pushing the revolution further.
2. His slogan of "All power to the Soviets” soon won over the workers' leaders. Devastated by war time shortages, the people were attracted by the slogan 'Bread, Peace and Land'. These simple yet powerful slogans gained wide support from the struggling population.
3. In October Lenin persuaded the Bolshevik Central Committee to decide on immediate revolution. Trotsky prepared a detailed plan. Lenin convinced the Bolshevik party to launch an immediate armed uprising.
4. On 7 November the key government buildings, including the Winter Palace, the Prime Minister's headquarters, were seized by armed factory workers and revolutionary troops. This marked the successful takeover of strategic locations in Petrograd.
5. On 8 November 1917a new Communist government was in office in Russia. Its head this time was Lenin. The Bolshevik Party was renamed the Russian Communist Party. Lenin became the head of the new Soviet government, initiating a new communist era in Russia.
In simple words: Lenin, returning from Switzerland, led the Bolsheviks by promising "All power to the Soviets" and "Bread, Peace, and Land," which appealed to tired, hungry people. In October, he convinced his party to start an immediate revolution. On November 7, factory workers and soldiers seized important government buildings, including the Winter Palace. By November 8, 1917, Lenin was the head of the new Communist government, and the Bolshevik Party became the Russian Communist Party.

🎯 Exam Tip: Chronologically trace the key events and slogans that characterized Lenin's rise and the Bolshevik takeover during the Russian Revolution.

 

Question 4. Estimate the work done by the League of Nations, pointing out the reasons for its failure?
Answer: The League of Nations undertook several initiatives but ultimately faced significant challenges:
1. League of nations was formed in 1920 with the twin objective of avoiding war and to maintain peace in the world. Its primary goals were to prevent future wars and promote international cooperation.
2. The main work done by the League was to solve the dispute arose between Sweden and Finland over the sovereignity of Aaland Island. It ruled that the island should go to Finland. This was an early success in settling a territorial dispute peacefully.
3. League solved the frontier dispute between Poland and Germany in upper Silesia. This demonstrated its capacity to mediate complex border issues.
4. When dispute arose between Greece and Bulgaria in 1925, Greece invaded Bulgaria and the League ordered a ceasefire. It successfully intervened to stop hostilities between these two nations.
5. League had been successful in signing the Locarno Treaty in 1925 by which Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain and Italy mutually guaranteed peace in Western Europe. This treaty was seen as a major step towards ensuring European security.
6. The main reason for the failure of the League was Italy, Japan and Germany headed by dictators refused to be bound by the orders of the League and started violation and League rules. Authoritarian regimes simply ignored the League's authority.
7. When League condemned the violation, they withdrew their membership. This reduced the League's moral authority and membership base.
8. League did not had a military power of its own. It lacked the means to enforce its decisions on powerful nations.
9. Though it had a world-wide membership, it became the center of European diplomacy. Its focus was largely Euro-centric, limiting its effectiveness in global conflicts.
10. The League remained a passive witness to events, issues and incidents of violations therefore finally dissolved in 1946. It failed to prevent the outbreak of World War II, leading to its eventual dissolution.
In simple words: The League of Nations was formed in 1920 to stop wars and keep peace. It managed to solve some small arguments, like the one between Sweden and Finland over the Aaland Island, and a border dispute between Poland and Germany. It also helped stop fighting between Greece and Bulgaria in 1925 and was part of the Locarno Treaty to guarantee peace in Western Europe. However, it failed because powerful countries like Italy, Japan, and Germany ignored its rules and left the organization. The League also did not have its own army to make countries obey its decisions and mostly focused on problems in Europe. Because it couldn't stop major conflicts, it officially ended in 1946.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating the League of Nations, balance its initial successes in minor disputes with its ultimate failures, focusing on the lack of enforcement power and non-compliance by major states.

VIII. Activity

 

Question 1. Students can be taught to mark the places of battles and the capital cities of the countries that were engaged in the War.
(a) Battles of I World war:
(i) Battle of Tannenberg
(ii) Battle of Marne
(iii) Battle of Gallipoli
(iv) Battle of Jutland
(v) Battle of Verdun
(vi) Battle of Passchendaele
(vii) Battle of Caporetto
(viii) Battle of Cambrai
(ix) Battle of the Somme.
Answer: This activity lists the major battles of World War I to be located on a map.
In simple words: The activity is to find the locations of important battles from World War I, like Tannenberg and Verdun, on a map.

🎯 Exam Tip: When given a list of historical battles, practice locating them on a world map to understand the geographic scope of the conflict.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Outbreak Of World War I And Its Aftermath Additional Important Questions And Answers

I. Choose The Correct Answer

 

Question 1. The Treaty of serves was signed with:
(a) Austria
(b) Hungary
(c) Turkey
(d) Bulgaria
Answer: (c) Turkey
In simple words: The Treaty of Sevres was a peace treaty signed after World War I, and it was signed with Turkey, not the other countries listed. This treaty led to the dismantling of the Ottoman Empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to associate specific peace treaties with the correct country they were signed with to avoid common errors.

 

Question 2. The policy of imperialism followed by the European countries from 1870-1945 was known as ......
(a) New imperialism
(b) Military imperialism
(c) Neo-imperialism
Answer: (a) New imperialism
In simple words: The way European countries expanded their power and control over other lands between 1870 and 1945 is called 'New Imperialism'. This period saw a scramble for colonies across the globe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between old and new imperialism by remembering the timeframe and key characteristics like the intense scramble for colonies.

 

Question 3. President Woodrow Wilson put forward .......... points in the League of nations.
(a) 12
(b) 11
(c) 10
(d) 14
Answer: (d) 14
In simple words: President Woodrow Wilson suggested 14 main ideas, called the Fourteen Points, as a basis for peace after World War I and for creating the League of Nations. These points aimed to prevent future wars and promote global cooperation.

🎯 Exam Tip: It is crucial to remember the exact number of Woodrow Wilson's points, as it's a frequently tested detail in history exams.

 

Question 4. With a modem army and navy, ..... had emerged as an advanced industrialised power.
(a) Germany
(b) Japan
(c) Italy
Answer: (b) Japan
In simple words: Japan grew very fast with its modern army and navy, becoming a powerful industrial country. This rapid modernization allowed Japan to become a significant force in East Asia.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on understanding how certain countries rapidly industrialized and modernized their military during this period.

 

Question 5. Germany surrendered in:
(a) 1917
(b) 1918
(c) 1919
(d) 1916
Answer: (b) 1918
In simple words: Germany gave up fighting in World War I in 1918. This surrender marked the end of the war.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the exact year of key historical events like a country's surrender is essential for accurate answers.

 

Question 6. The 'Sphere of influence' was adopted by the European countries in ......
(a) Japan
(b) China
(c) India
Answer: (b) China
In simple words: European countries used the idea of 'Sphere of influence' mainly in China. This meant different European powers had special rights and control over certain areas of China, without directly colonizing it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that "Sphere of influence" typically refers to areas where foreign powers had exclusive trading or political rights, commonly seen in China.

 

Question 7. ................. is the name of the parliament of Russia.
(a) Tsar
(b) Trotsky
(c) Duma
(d) Rasputin.
Answer: (c) Duma
In simple words: The Duma was Russia's parliament. It was a legislative assembly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the specific names of important political bodies for different countries, as they often appear in questions.

 

Question 8. The word "Imperialism” is derived from ......
(a) Greek
(b) German
(c) Latin
Answer: (c) Latin
In simple words: The word "Imperialism," which means one country extending its power over others, comes from the Latin language. Latin words form the root of many political terms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Tracing the origin of political terms helps in understanding their historical context and meaning.

 

Question 9. Nicholas II abdicated from his throne on ............... 1917.
(a) March 12
(b) March 15
(c) November 18
(d) October 14
Answer: (b) March 15
In simple words: Tsar Nicholas II stepped down as the ruler of Russia on March 15, 1917. This event was a major turning point in the Russian Revolution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific dates like the abdication of a monarch are critical details for questions about revolutions and major political changes.

 

Question 10. The development of ...... speeded the movements of goods between colonies and other countries.
(a) Roadways
(b) Waterways
(c) Railways
Answer: (c) Railways
In simple words: Railways helped move goods and people much faster between colonies and other countries. This new transport system was a key part of the industrial revolution and imperial expansion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand how improvements in transportation like railways significantly impacted trade and colonial expansion during historical periods.

II. Fill In The Blanks

 

Question 1. Japan forced a war on China in the year .................
Answer: 1894
In simple words: Japan started a war with China in the year 1894.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key dates for significant conflicts as they help contextualize historical events.

 

Question 2. The new state of Albania was created according to the Treaty of ................. signed in May 1913.
Answer: London
In simple words: Albania became a new country after the Treaty of London was signed in May 1913. This treaty reshaped borders in the Balkans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect new state formations with the specific treaties that established them.

 

Question 3. Japan entered into an alliance with England in the year .................
Answer: 1902
In simple words: Japan and England formed an alliance in 1902. This alliance was a key part of international relations at the time.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note down important alliances and their formation years as they often precede major global conflicts.

 

Question 4. In the Balkans ................. had mixed population.
Answer: Macedonia
In simple words: The region of Macedonia in the Balkans had people from many different backgrounds living there. This mixed population was a source of tension.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize regions known for diverse populations, as they are often central to conflicts and political changes.

 

Question 5. In the battle of Tannenberg ................. suffered heavy losses.
Answer: Russia
In simple words: Russia lost many soldiers and faced a big defeat in the Battle of Tannenberg. This was a significant early battle of World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify which country suffered major losses in specific battles to understand the turning points of a war.

 

Question 6. ................. as Prime Minister represented France in Paris Peace Conference.
Answer: Clemenceau
In simple words: Clemenceau was the Prime Minister who spoke for France at the Paris Peace Conference. He played a major role in drafting the treaties.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the key figures and their roles in major peace conferences or treaty negotiations.

 

Question 7. ................. became Prime Minister leading a new coalition of liberals and moderate Socialists before Lenin established the Bolshevik government.
Answer: Kerensky
In simple words: Before Lenin and the Bolsheviks took over, Kerensky became the Prime Minister, leading a group of liberals and moderate socialists. He was part of the provisional government.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the sequence of leaders and governments during revolutionary periods to grasp political transitions.

 

Question 8. Locarno Treaty was signed in the year .................
Answer: 1925
In simple words: The Locarno Treaty, which aimed to secure peace in Europe, was signed in 1925. This treaty was an effort to stabilize international relations after World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the year of important treaties as they indicate significant diplomatic milestones.

 

Question 9. The new state of Albania was created according to the treaty of ................. signed in 1913.
Answer: London
In simple words: Albania was formed as a new country based on the Treaty of London, signed in 1913. This treaty redrew the map of southeastern Europe.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific treaties and their outcomes, especially when they involve the creation of new nations.

 

Question 10. Russia suffered heavy loses in the battle of .................
Answer: Tannenburg
In simple words: Russia faced significant defeats and lost many soldiers in the Battle of Tannenberg. This battle was a major setback for the Russian army.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the names of battles and which side suffered losses helps in understanding the course of a war.

 

Question 11. Trench warfare was the style followed in the battle of .................
Answer: Marne
In simple words: Trench warfare, where soldiers fought from long ditches, was a key tactic used in the Battle of Marne. This type of warfare characterized much of World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect specific battle tactics, like trench warfare, to the battles where they were most prominent.

 

Question 12. Russia signed the treaty of..............with Germany.
Answer: Brest Litovsk
In simple words: Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany. This treaty took Russia out of World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: It is important to know which treaties brought an end to participation in a war for specific countries.

 

Question 13. Italy formally joined the allies in .................
Answer: 1916
In simple words: Italy officially joined the Allied powers in 1916 during World War I. Italy initially stayed neutral but later joined the war on the side of the Allies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep track of when key countries joined different alliances during major wars.

 

Question 14. Battle of Jutland is a ................. battle.
Answer: Naval
In simple words: The Battle of Jutland was fought at sea, making it a naval battle. It was one of the largest naval battles in history.

🎯 Exam Tip: Classify battles by their type (e.g., land, naval, air) to better understand military strategies of the time.

 

Question 15. ................. is the name of the American ship sunk by Germany.
Answer: Lusitania
In simple words: The German army sank an American ship named Lusitania. This event played a role in the US joining World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific incidents like the sinking of the Lusitania are important triggers in global conflicts.

 

Question 16. ................. was one of the principle in the fourteen points of Paris peace conference.
Answer: Self determination
In simple words: "Self-determination" was a main idea in the Fourteen Points presented at the Paris Peace Conference. It meant that nations should have the right to choose their own government.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the core principles proposed in peace treaties, as they reflect the ideals of the post-war era.

 

Question 17. The war conditions led to the ................. movement in India.
Answer: Home Rule
In simple words: The conditions of the war helped start the Home Rule movement in India. This movement aimed for self-governance for India within the British Empire.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the connections between global events and nationalist movements in colonies like India.

 

Question 18. ................. modernised Turkey and changed it out of all recognition.
Answer: Kemal Pasha
In simple words: Kemal Pasha modernized Turkey greatly, changing it in many ways. He is known as the founder of the Republic of Turkey.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key leaders who spearheaded modernization and significant changes in their countries.

 

Question 19. £ is the symbol of .................
Answer: Pound sterling
In simple words: The symbol '£' stands for the Pound sterling. This is the currency used in the United Kingdom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Basic knowledge of international currency symbols can be useful in general awareness questions.

 

Question 20. The Bolshevik party was renamed as ................ party.
Answer: Russian communist
In simple words: The Bolshevik party later changed its name to the Russian Communist Party. This change reflected their revolutionary goals and ideology.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the evolution of political parties, including name changes, as they often signify shifts in ideology or goals.

III. Choose The Correct Statements

 

Question 1.
(i) The Industrial achievements of Germany in the later half of the 19th Century gave her a dominating position in Europe.
(ii) When Germany came to the scene of exploitation, it became weak in its military power.
(iii) When there was nowhere else to expand, imperialist countries grab other's possession.
(iv) Russia, Britain and France joined in the scramble for colonies.
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct
(b) (i) and (iii) are wrong
(c) (ii) and (iv) are wrong
Answer: (c) (ii) and (iv) are wrong
In simple words: Statement (ii) is wrong because Germany grew stronger, not weaker, with its industrial power. Statement (iv) is also wrong because Russia, Britain, and France formed alliances, but not to jointly scramble for colonies in the same way individual nations did.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carefully evaluate each statement in multiple-choice questions to identify factual inaccuracies, especially concerning military strength and alliances.

 

Question 2.
(i) The Central powers consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria.
(ii) Italy strongly supported Germany.
(iii) In April 1916, Britain, France and Italy signed the Treaty of London.
(iv) Italy agreed to enter the war against the central powers in-return of this territory after the war.
Answer: (d) (i) and (iv) are correct
In simple words: Statement (i) correctly lists the Central Powers. Statement (iv) is also correct, as Italy joined the Allies after they promised certain territories if they won the war.

🎯 Exam Tip: Precisely remember the composition of alliances and the motivations, such as territorial promises, that led countries to join a specific side in a war.

 

Question 3.
(i) Trenches are ditches dug by troops enabled soldiers.
(ii) It was done to protect themselves from enemy fire.
(iii) The battle of Jutland is a memorable one for Trench war fare.
(iv) Trench system used in the first world war consisted of six to seven trench lines running parallel to each other.
Answer: (b) (i) and (ii) are correct
In simple words: Statements (i) and (ii) accurately describe trenches as ditches used by soldiers for protection from enemy attacks. Trenches were a key feature of World War I, providing defense but also leading to stalemates.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the purpose and basic characteristics of significant military tactics like trench warfare.

 

Question 4.
(i) The main provision of the Versailles treaty was that all central powers were directed to pay war indemnity.
(ii) All the German colonies became mandated territories under the League of nations.
(iii) The Saar coal mine was given to Bulgaria.
(iv) Northern Schleswig was given to France.
Answer: (b) (i) and (ii) are correct
In simple words: Statement (i) is correct; the Treaty of Versailles forced the Central Powers, especially Germany, to pay for war damages. Statement (ii) is also correct, as Germany's colonies were placed under the control of the League of Nations as mandated territories.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the major punitive and territorial provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, especially those concerning Germany.

 

Question 5.
(i) Triple Alliance was signed in 1882 between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
(ii) Entente cordiale was signed in 1906 between Britain and Russia.
(iii) Triple Entente was signed between Britain, France and Russia.
(iv) The Britain violation of Belgian neutrality forced German to enter the war.
Answer: (c) (i) and (iii) are correct
In simple words: Statement (i) correctly names the countries and year of the Triple Alliance formation. Statement (iii) is also correct, detailing the formation of the Triple Entente between Britain, France, and Russia. These alliances were crucial in the lead-up to World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the specific countries involved in major pre-war alliances like the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente.

IV. Assertion and Reason

 

Question 1. Assertion (A): Inspite of warning of the three great powers, Russia, Germany and France, Japan annexed the Liaotung Peninsula with Port Arthur. Reason (R): Japan proved that it was the strongest nation of the East Asia.
(a) Both A and R are correct
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
(c) Both A and R are wrong
(d) R is right but it has no relevant to A
Answer: (a) Both A and R are correct
In simple words: Japan took over the Liaotung Peninsula even though big countries like Russia, Germany, and France warned them not to. This showed that Japan was the strongest country in East Asia at that time.

🎯 Exam Tip: When dealing with Assertion-Reason questions, first check if both statements are individually true. Then, check if the Reason correctly explains the Assertion. Always consider historical context.

 

Question 2. Assertion (A): Two peace conferences were held at the Hague in Holland in 1899 and in 1907. Reason (R): Lenin of Russia wanted to bring Universal peace and suggested these conferences.
(a) Both A and R are correct
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
(c) Both A and R are wrong
(d) R is right but it has no relevant to A
Answer: (b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
In simple words: It is true that two peace meetings happened in Hague in 1899 and 1907. However, Lenin was not the one who suggested these conferences for world peace.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between events that occurred and the motivations or individuals behind them. A statement might be factually correct, but the reason given for it could be wrong.

 

Question 3. Assertion (A): Italy formally joined with the allies fighting with Austria, initially sustained, but finally collapsed. Reason (R): Germans came to Austria's help.
(a) Both A and R are correct
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
(c) Both A and R are wrong
(d) R is right but it has no relevant to A
Answer: (a) Both A and R are correct
In simple words: Italy joined the Allies and fought against Austria, initially doing well but eventually failing. This happened because Germany came to help Austria, strengthening their side.

🎯 Exam Tip: For historical events, understanding the alliances and key turning points, like the intervention of a major power, is crucial to explain outcomes.

 

Question 4. Assertion (A): In Germany and Austria, women and children suffered from hunger and privation. Reason (R): Aeroplanes were used for bombing targeted Civilian population.
(a) Both A and R are correct
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
(c) Both A and R are wrong
(d) R is right but it has no relevant to A
Answer: (b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
In simple words: It is true that women and children in Germany and Austria suffered from a lack of food and supplies during the war. However, the reason for this suffering was not mainly due to airplanes bombing civilians, but rather broader wartime conditions like blockades and resource shortages.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider the primary causes and effects in history. While bombing might cause suffering, widespread hunger in a nation often has deeper economic and logistical roots during wartime.

 

Question 5. Assertion (A): Marxists in Russia had the fortune of getting Lenin as their leader. Reason (R): Tsar Nicholas li was under the strong influence of his wife Alexandra.
(a) Both A and R are correct
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
(c) Both A and R are wrong
(d) R is right but it has no relevant to A
Answer: (b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
In simple words: It is true that Marxists in Russia were lucky to have Lenin as their leader. It is also true that Tsar Nicholas II was heavily influenced by his wife Alexandra. However, the Tsar's wife's influence is not the reason why Marxists got Lenin as their leader; these are two separate historical facts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure the reason directly supports or explains the assertion. Two true statements do not automatically form a correct Assertion-Reason pair if they are unrelated.

 

Question 6. Assertion (A): The League of nations could apply the principle of collective security. Reason (R): It was supported by Italy, Japan and Germany.
(a) Both A and R are correct
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
(c) Both A and R are wrong
(d) R is right but it has no relevant to A
Answer: (c) Both A and R are wrong
In simple words: The League of Nations aimed for collective security, but it often failed to enforce it effectively. Also, major powers like Italy, Japan, and Germany actually weakened the League by refusing to follow its rules, rather than supporting it, which led to its downfall.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the League of Nations faced significant challenges in enforcing its principles, partly because key powers often disregarded its authority, showing that the reason given is incorrect.

V. Match the Following

 

Question 1. Match the Column I with Column II.

Answer:
A. (iv)
B. (v)
C. (i)
D. (ii)
E. (iii)
In simple words: Nicholas II belonged to the Romanov dynasty. Anti-Lenin ideas were often linked to Mensheviks. A trust is an industrial organization. Entente Cordiale was formed in 1904. The Treaty of London was signed in 1913.

🎯 Exam Tip: For matching questions, connect key figures, terms, and historical dates accurately. Creating a mental timeline helps remember specific years for treaties and alliances.

 

Question 2. Match the column I with column II.

Answer:
A. (iv)
B. (i)
C. (v)
D. (ii)
E. (iii)
In simple words: The Treaty of Bucharest ended the Second Balkan War. Kultur represents a sense of high cultural identity or "thinking high". The League of Nations council members had the power to veto decisions. Bourgeoisie refers to the middle class or a member of it. Lenin was a key figure in the Communist party.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the context of each term, such as historical treaties, cultural concepts, or political roles, will help you match them correctly.

VI. Answer the Following Questions Briefly

 

Question 1. What was the aim of the capitalist countries?
Answer: Capitalist countries aimed to produce more and more goods. They then used the extra money (surplus wealth) to build new factories, railways, and steamships, along with other projects, to grow their economy further. This constant growth was a core principle for them.
In simple words: Capitalist countries wanted to make a lot of goods and then use the extra money they earned to build more businesses and infrastructure.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining economic systems, focus on the core motivation (e.g., profit, production, wealth accumulation) and how that motivation drives actions like industrial expansion.

 

Question 2. What is colonialism?
Answer: (i) Colonialism is a system where a powerful country takes over and controls other lands, especially to use their resources for its own benefit. (ii) It also describes a relationship where a small group of foreign invaders rules over a much larger local population. This often leads to the exploitation of the native people and resources.
In simple words: Colonialism is when one strong country takes over another country, usually to use its land and people for its own gain.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define colonialism by highlighting its two main features: foreign acquisition of territory and the exploitation of the acquired land and its people.

 

Question 3. What was the immediate cause of the first world war?
Answer: The immediate cause of World War I was the killing of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, who was the nephew and heir to Franz Joseph, the Emperor of Austria-Hungary. He was assassinated by Princip, a Serbian from Bosnia. After this, Austria received support from Germany, and Serbia got help from Russia, quickly starting the war in 1914. This event triggered a chain reaction among existing alliances.
In simple words: The First World War started right after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was killed by a Serbian man in 1914. This event quickly pulled many countries into fighting because of their alliances.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always identify the specific event and the key figures involved when asked for the immediate cause of a major historical conflict.

 

Question 4. How did China became an International colony?
Answer: China became an international colony through a series of events:
1. The Boers were defeated by foreign powers in conflicts.
2. When foreign forces reached Peking (Beijing), the capital, the Empress Dowager fled.
3. The U.S.A. and England introduced the "Open Door Policy" which aimed for equal trading rights for all foreign powers in China.
4. Chinese lands were then divided among various foreign powers to gain trading rights. This made China effectively controlled by many international countries, rather than one single colonial power, hence becoming an "international colony".
In simple words: China became like a shared colony because foreign countries defeated local forces, its leaders ran away, and powerful nations divided up its land and trading rights among themselves.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing how a country became a colony, remember to include both internal weaknesses (like fleeing leaders) and external pressures (like foreign defeats and policies).

 

Question 5. What do you understand by Paris peace conference?
Answer: The Paris Peace Conference was a meeting held in January 1919, two months after the armistice (end of fighting) of World War I. Key leaders like Woodrow Wilson from America and Lloyd George from Britain were important figures there. On June 28, 1919, the peace treaty was signed in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, officially ending the war and setting new conditions for peace. The conference aimed to establish a new world order.
In simple words: The Paris Peace Conference was a big meeting in 1919 after World War I, where leaders like Woodrow Wilson met to sign the peace treaty at Versailles and decide on the new world rules.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the key details: when and where it took place, who the significant leaders were, and the main outcome (signing of the Treaty of Versailles).

 

Question 6. What was the immediate cause of the First World War?
Answer: The immediate cause of the First World War began with these key events:
1. In 1908, Austria took over Bosnia and Herzegovina, going against the Berlin Congress.
2. On June 28, 1914, Austrian Prince Francis Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo.
3. Austria then sent a final demand to Serbia, but Serbia did not accept all the terms.
4. As a result, Austria declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914, which quickly escalated due to existing alliances. This specific declaration of war set off the chain reaction.
In simple words: The First World War started right after Austria-Hungary's Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in 1914, leading Austria to declare war on Serbia.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Austria's subsequent ultimatum and declaration of war on Serbia as the direct triggers for WWI.

 

Question 7. Write the slogans raised by Lenin that attracted soviet people.
Answer: Lenin used powerful slogans that appealed to the Soviet people, especially during a time of great hardship. These slogans were "All power to the soviets" and "Bread, Peace and Land." These phrases promised solutions to their most urgent problems and gave them hope for a better future, attracting widespread support.
In simple words: Lenin used slogans like "All power to the soviets" and "Bread, Peace and Land" to get the Soviet people to support him, as these words promised them food, an end to war, and land.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about historical slogans, state them accurately and briefly explain why they resonated with the target population.

 

Question 8. Write any two terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
Answer: Two important terms of the Treaty of Versailles were:
1. Germany was made to pay a very large amount of money (war indemnity) to the winning countries. Its army was also greatly reduced in size.
2. Germany's lands overseas (colonies) were taken away and divided among the winning nations. These measures aimed to weaken Germany and prevent future conflicts.
In simple words: The treaty made Germany pay a lot of money and lose its colonies. Also, Germany had to make its army much smaller.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key provisions like war reparations (indemnity), territorial losses (colonies), and military restrictions as central components of the Treaty of Versailles.

 

Question 9. Write any two objectives of the League.
Answer: The two main goals of the League of Nations were: (i) To prevent future wars and ensure global peace, and (ii) To encourage countries to work together internationally on economic and social issues. Its establishment marked a new attempt at collective security.
In simple words: The League of Nations wanted to stop wars and help countries work together on social and money matters.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing objectives of international organizations, focus on broad goals like peace, cooperation, and conflict resolution.

 

Question 10. What do you mean by Russian Revolution?
Answer: The Russian Revolution refers to the major political changes in Russia, including the fall of the monarchy in February 1917 and the events of October that same year. These events led to the establishment of the Soviet Union and completely transformed Russia's government and society. It was a time of huge upheaval.
In simple words: The Russian Revolution means when the king was overthrown in February 1917, and then other big changes happened in October, leading to a new government in Russia.

🎯 Exam Tip: For the Russian Revolution, remember its two key phases (February and October 1917) and its main outcome: the end of monarchy and the rise of a new political system.

 

Question 11. What is Duma? Why did the Tsar dismiss the first Duma within 75 days of its election?
Answer: Duma was an elected law-making group set up in Russia in 1905 by Nicholas II. The Tsar dismissed the first Duma just 75 days after it was elected because he did not want anyone questioning his power or authority. He wanted to maintain absolute control. The Tsar felt threatened by its independence.
In simple words: The Duma was Russia's first elected assembly. The Tsar closed it quickly after 75 days because he did not want anyone to challenge his rule.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define Duma clearly and explain the Tsar's motive for its dissolution, emphasizing his desire for unchecked authority.

VII. Answer All the Questions Given Under Each Caption

1. Characteristics of Imperialism

 

Question (a) What led to concept of Imperialism?
Answer: The continuous growth of capitalism naturally led to the idea of imperialism. As capitalist countries produced more goods and sought new markets and resources, they began to expand their control over other territories. This desire for expansion drove the imperialistic concept.
In simple words: The way capitalism grew, with countries always wanting more resources and markets, naturally caused imperialism to happen.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the economic system of capitalism, particularly its need for raw materials and markets, as the primary driving force behind the rise of imperialism.

 

Question (b) What was Lenin idea on Imperialism?
Answer: According to Lenin, imperialism was the highest and final stage of capitalism. He believed it was a natural outcome of capitalism's need for expansion and control over global resources and markets. He saw it as a global struggle for economic dominance.
In simple words: Lenin thought that imperialism was the ultimate stage of capitalism, where rich countries expand their power to get more wealth and control.

🎯 Exam Tip: When referring to a specific thinker's view, use their key definition or phrase, like Lenin's "highest stage of capitalism" for imperialism.

 

Question (c) What were the purposes for which the colonies were made use of?
Answer: Colonies were used for two main purposes: they served as markets to sell goods produced by the colonizing country, and they provided large amounts of raw materials like cotton and rubber. These resources were essential for the industries of the imperial powers. This ensured a steady supply of both resources and customers.
In simple words: Colonies were used as places to sell goods and to get raw materials like cotton and rubber for the colonizing country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the dual role of colonies as both sources of raw materials and markets for finished goods, which was essential for industrial economies.

 

Question (d) What was the logic behind Imperialism apart from colonisation?
Answer: Beyond simply establishing colonies, the idea behind imperialism also involved complete militarization and the concept of "total war." This meant that imperial powers were willing to use their full military strength to achieve their goals and would engage in widespread conflicts to gain and maintain control. This aggressive military stance was a core part of their expansionist policy.
In simple words: Besides just taking over lands, imperialism also meant countries wanted to build strong armies and be ready for "total war" to control and expand their power.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the military aspect of imperialism, beyond mere territorial acquisition, to include the readiness for extensive warfare and militarization.

2. The Ambition of Germany

 

Question (a) Who was the ruler of Germany during the First World War?
Answer: The ruler of Germany during the First World War was Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II. His assertive and aggressive policies played a significant role in the events leading up to the war.
In simple words: Kaiser Wilhelm II was the leader of Germany during the First World War.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remembering key leaders and their roles during major conflicts is fundamental to historical knowledge.

 

Question (b) What did he believe?
Answer: Kaiser Wilhelm II firmly believed that Germany alone was powerful and capable enough to rule the entire world. He envisioned Germany as the dominant global power, reflecting a strong sense of national pride and expansionist ambition. This belief fueled his aggressive foreign policy.
In simple words: He believed that Germany should be the leader of the whole world.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the mindset of leaders, especially their beliefs about national superiority, helps explain their political decisions and actions.

 

Question (c) What could not be tolerated by him?
Answer: Kaiser Wilhelm II could not tolerate the British saying, "the Sun never sets in the British Empire." This statement symbolized Britain's vast global power, and Wilhelm saw it as a direct challenge to Germany's own ambitions for world dominance. He wanted Germany to have a similar or greater empire.
In simple words: He could not stand Britain's claim that its empire was so big the sun never set on it, because he wanted Germany to be the strongest.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note how national rivalries and symbols of power, like the "Sun never sets" phrase, can fuel competition and animosity between nations.

3. Naval Battles

 

Question (a) Name the Naval battle that took place in 1916?
Answer: The major naval battle that took place in 1916 was the Battle of Jutland. This significant confrontation occurred in the North Sea between the British Royal Navy and the Imperial German Navy. It was one of the largest naval battles in history.
In simple words: The big naval battle in 1916 was called the Battle of Jutland, and it happened in the North Sea.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember significant naval engagements and their locations, as they often had strategic importance during major wars.

 

Question (b) Which country started the Sub-marine warfare thereafter?
Answer: Germany started unrestricted submarine warfare after the naval battles. This tactic involved using submarines to sink ships without warning, including passenger liners, in an effort to cut off supplies to Allied forces. This aggressive approach escalated the conflict at sea.
In simple words: After that, Germany started using submarines to sink ships without warning, which was called submarine warfare.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify Germany as the primary nation that employed unrestricted submarine warfare, a key factor in drawing the United States into WWI.

 

Question (c) Name the ship that bombarded Madras?
Answer: The ship that bombarded Madras (now Chennai) was the famous German cruiser Emden. This event occurred during World War I and caused considerable alarm and some damage in the city. The Emden was known for its swift and daring raids.
In simple words: The famous Emden ship from Germany was the one that attacked Madras.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific events like the bombardment of Madras by the Emden are important details that highlight the global reach of WWI naval actions.

 

Question (d) Name the American ship torpedoed by a German Submarine.
Answer: The American ship that was torpedoed by a German Submarine was the Lusitania. This event, which killed many civilians, played a significant role in turning American public opinion against Germany and eventually contributing to the U.S. entering World War I. The attack was a major turning point.
In simple words: The American ship Lusitania was sunk by a German submarine.

🎯 Exam Tip: The sinking of the Lusitania is a critical event in WWI history; remember its name and the impact it had on U.S. involvement.

4. Course of the First World War

 

Question (a) Give the duration of the First World War.
Answer: The First World War lasted from July 28, 1914, to November 11, 1918. It was a brutal conflict that spanned over four years, profoundly impacting global politics and society. The armistice on November 11 marked its end.
In simple words: The First World War started on July 28, 1914, and ended on November 11, 1918.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately recall the start and end dates of major historical wars. November 11 is observed as Armistice Day or Remembrance Day.

 

Question (b) Who were called the Central Powers?
Answer: The countries that were on the side of Germany during World War I were known as the Central Powers. This alliance primarily included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), and Bulgaria. They fought against the Allied Powers.
In simple words: The Central Powers were the countries that fought alongside Germany in World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the key nations that formed the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria) as a distinct wartime alliance.

 

Question (c) Who were called the Allies?
Answer: The countries that were on the side of Britain during World War I were known as the Allies. This major alliance included Great Britain, France, Russia (until 1917), Italy, Japan, and the United States (from 1917). They opposed the Central Powers.
In simple words: The Allies were the countries that fought alongside Britain in World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the primary Allied Powers (Britain, France, Russia, USA, Italy, Japan) to clearly define this wartime faction.

 

Question (d) What and all were used in war?
Answer: In World War I, several new and devastating weapons were used. These included artillery (large guns), tanks, and submarines. These innovations drastically changed how battles were fought and led to unprecedented casualties. Airplanes were also used for reconnaissance and bombing.
In simple words: Artillery, tanks, and submarines were some of the main weapons used in the war.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the most impactful new technologies of WWI, such as tanks, submarines, and advanced artillery, when asked about wartime equipment.

5. Lenin

 

Question (a) Where was he born?
Answer: Lenin was born in 1870 near the middle Volga River in Russia, to educated parents. His birthplace was Simbirsk, a city that later bore his name (Ulyanovsk).
In simple words: Lenin was born in Russia in 1870, near the Volga river, to parents who had a good education.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the birth details of prominent historical figures helps in understanding their background and early life influences.

 

Question (b) What was his belief?
Answer: Lenin strongly believed that the path to freedom and political change could only be achieved through mass action. He advocated for collective, organized movements by the working class to overthrow existing oppressive systems. This was central to his revolutionary ideology.
In simple words: Lenin believed that people could only gain freedom and change things by taking action together in large groups.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight Lenin's core belief in "mass action" as the means for revolutionary change, reflecting his Marxist principles.

 

Question (c) When and why was he arrested?
Answer: Lenin was arrested in 1895 and imprisoned in Siberia. He was arrested because he actively encouraged the ideas of Marxism among factory workers in St. Petersburg, aiming to incite revolutionary movements against the Tsarist regime. His revolutionary activities were seen as a threat to the government.
In simple words: Lenin was arrested in 1895 and sent to Siberia because he was spreading Marxist ideas to factory workers in St. Petersburg.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link arrests of revolutionary figures to their political activities and the perceived threat they posed to the ruling power.

 

Question (d) How did he form the Bolshevik party?
Answer: Lenin formed the Bolshevik party by gaining the support of a small group of Marxists who were initially part of the larger Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. This group, known as Bolshmstvo (meaning 'majority'), eventually developed into the distinct and highly organized Bolshevik party under Lenin's leadership. He built it on principles of strict discipline and revolutionary action.
In simple words: Lenin got support from a small group of people who believed in his ideas, and this group then became the Bolshevik party.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Lenin's role in uniting and leading a specific faction of Marxists to form the Bolshevik party, emphasizing his organizational skills.

6. Results of the War

 

Question (a) How were the terms of the treaties drafted?
Answer: The terms of the treaties that ended World War I were primarily based on the "Fourteen Points" proposed by American President Woodrow Wilson. These points aimed to establish lasting peace through principles like self-determination, open diplomacy, and the formation of a League of Nations. While not all points were adopted, they heavily influenced the peace talks.
In simple words: The treaties were mostly written based on the "Fourteen Points" suggested by the American President Woodrow Wilson.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" as a significant framework and influence for the post-WWI peace treaties.

 

Question (b) What did Germany surrendered to France?
Answer: Germany surrendered Alsace and Lorraine to France as part of the terms of the post-World War I peace settlement. These territories had been a point of contention and conflict between the two nations for many years, symbolizing a major territorial loss for Germany. This transfer was a key outcome of the war.
In simple words: Germany gave up the regions of Alsace and Lorraine to France after the war.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify Alsace-Lorraine as the significant territory Germany returned to France, which was a long-standing grievance and a key outcome of the peace treaty.

 

Question (c) Where was monarchy abolished?
Answer: After World War I, monarchies were abolished in several major European empires. These included Germany, Russia, Austria, and Turkey. The defeat and internal upheavals associated with the war led to the downfall of these ancient ruling systems and the rise of new political structures like republics. This marked a significant shift in European governance.
In simple words: After the war, kings and queens were no longer in power in Germany, Russia, Austria, and Turkey.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that WWI led to the collapse of several European empires and the end of monarchical rule in many of them.

 

Question (d) Name the new Republics.
Answer: After World War I, some of the new republics that emerged from the old empires included Czechoslovakia and Poland. These nations gained independence and established new forms of government, redrawing the map of Central and Eastern Europe. Other states also formed as new independent entities.
In simple words: New countries like Czechoslovakia and Poland were formed as republics after the war.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that the end of WWI led to the creation of several new nation-states and republics, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe.

VIII. Answer the Following in Detail

 

Question 1. Write a note on the structure and composition of its League of Nations.
Answer: The League of Nations was formed at the Paris Peace Conference after World War I, with strong support from U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. It was designed to promote international cooperation and peace. The League's main parts included:
1. The Assembly: Here, all member countries were represented and each had one vote. They also had the power of veto.
2. The Council: This was the executive body of the League. Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and the United States were initially named as permanent members, though the US never joined.
3. The Secretariat: This administrative body was responsible for the League's day-to-day operations. Its staff was appointed by the Secretary-General after consulting with the Council.
4. The Permanent Court of International Justice: It was made up of fifteen judges, handling legal disputes between nations.
5. The International Labour Organization: This organization worked to improve working conditions globally, and included four representatives from each country. The League represented a pioneering effort in international governance.
In simple words: The League of Nations was set up to keep peace after World War I. It had a main Assembly where all countries met, a smaller Council for big decisions, a Secretariat for daily work, a court for legal problems, and an organization to help workers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly list and describe the main organs of the League of Nations (Assembly, Council, Secretariat, Permanent Court, ILO) and their respective functions to score full marks.

 

Question 2. What were the results of the first world war?
Answer: The First World War had profound and lasting results, changing the world in many ways:
**The Paris Peace Conference:**
1. The war officially ended with the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.
2. The city of Danzig was made an international zone, not belonging to any one country.
3. New nations like Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia gained their independence.
**The formation of the League of Nations:**
1. The war caused immense suffering and loss to people everywhere.
2. Because of this, all nations wished for a lasting body to keep peace, leading to the creation of the League of Nations in 1920.
3. However, the winning countries imposed harsh and unfair treaties on the defeated nations. This outcome, unfortunately, planted the seeds for the Second World War. The war also changed global power dynamics and spurred technological advancements.
In simple words: The First World War ended with the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, creating new countries and making Danzig an international city. It also led to the formation of the League of Nations to keep peace, but the harsh treaties laid the groundwork for future conflicts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize the results into key areas like peace settlements (Paris Peace Conference), territorial changes (new nations), and new international organizations (League of Nations), and remember the unintended consequence of the unfair treaties.

 

Question 3. What was the impact of First world war on India?
Answer: The First World War had significant and widespread impacts on India, affecting its economy, society, and politics:
1. The war had multiple effects on India's economy, society, and political landscape.
2. Indians actively participated in the war on Britain's side, hoping they would be rewarded with independence afterwards.
3. However, this hope turned into disappointment for many Indians.
4. Indian soldiers served in battlefields across Europe, Africa, and West Asia.
5. India contributed a massive £230 million in cash and over £125 million in loans for war expenses.
6. India also sent war materials worth £250 million.
7. The country faced widespread economic hardship and distress.
8. Towards the end of the war, India suffered from a worldwide influenza epidemic.
9. The war conditions sparked the rise of the Home Rule Movement in India.
10. The Indian National Congress, which had split, saw its extremist and moderate factions reunite.
11. The Ottoman Empire, under the Turkish Sultan, was defeated in World War I, and its territories were divided between Britain and France.
12. This situation led to the formation of the Khilafat Movement in India, a significant Muslim movement in support of the Ottoman Caliph. Overall, the war intensified nationalistic feelings and pushed India closer to demanding self-rule.
In simple words: The First World War greatly affected India, leading to economic problems and the spread of disease. Indians helped Britain in the war, hoping for independence, but instead, their disappointment grew, causing nationalist movements like Home Rule and Khilafat to start.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing impacts, cover economic contributions and distress, political awakening (Home Rule, Khilafat), and the disappointment over unfulfilled promises of self-rule.