RBSE Solutions Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Health, Disease and Yoga

Health, Disease and Yoga

Health, Disease and Yoga Textbook Questions Solved

Objective Type Questions

 

Question 1. Kwarshiokar is the disease caused due to the deficiency of:
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Proteins
(c) Fats
(d) Minerals
Answer: (b) Proteins
In simple words: Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition. It happens when children do not get enough protein in their diet. Eating a balanced diet with enough protein helps prevent this condition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific deficiency diseases like Kwashiorkor (protein) and Marasmus (energy) as they are common exam topics.

 

Question 2. Which of the following is not a congenital disease:
(a) Leprosy
(b) Tetanus
(c) Malaria
(d) None of the options
Answer: (d) None of the options
In simple words: Congenital diseases are those you are born with. Leprosy, Tetanus, and Malaria are all diseases that people get after birth, usually from infections. So, none of these are congenital.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between congenital (present from birth), infectious (caused by pathogens), and lifestyle (related to habits) diseases for clarity.

 

Question 3. The food component which is known as the main source of energy:
(a) Fat
(b) Carbohydrate
(c) Protein
(d) Water
Answer: (b) Carbohydrate
In simple words: Carbohydrates are like the body's quick fuel. They are the easiest and most common way our body gets energy for daily activities. Foods like bread and rice are full of them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the primary functions of each macronutrient: carbohydrates for energy, proteins for building and repair, and fats for long-term energy storage and insulation.

 

Question 4. A disease which is caused by the deficiency of vitamin D:
(a) Leprosy
(c) Malaria

🎯 Exam Tip: For multiple-choice questions with incomplete options, it's best to note the missing parts and not attempt to guess or invent options.

 

Question 6. Which character is developed in man by yoga:
(a) Self Study
(b) Positive thinking
(c) Discipline
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options
In simple words: Yoga helps people grow in many good ways. It encourages learning about oneself, having a positive mind, and being disciplined. Practicing yoga regularly can improve both body and mind.

🎯 Exam Tip: When an option like "All of the options" is available, consider if each individual choice is indeed a correct outcome or benefit before selecting it.

Health, Disease and Yoga Very Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 7. What are the essential elements and main sources of balanced food?
Answer: A balanced diet contains different food groups that provide the body with essential elements like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Each group plays a specific role in maintaining health.

In simple words: Balanced food gives us energy, helps our body grow, and keeps us healthy. It has things like carbs, fats, and proteins from foods like cereals, milk, and meat.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions asking for essential elements and sources, organizing your answer into clear categories or a table helps to present information effectively.

 

Question 8. Name the vitamins essential for the body?
Answer: Vitamins are important nutrients that the body needs in small amounts to function properly. They help with many body processes.

In simple words: Our body needs different vitamins like A, B, C, D, E, and K to stay healthy. Each vitamin has a special job, and they all have different chemical names.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing vitamins, always try to include their chemical names and a key function or deficiency symptom if asked, as this shows deeper understanding.

 

Question 9. Which disease is caused due to lack of Iodine?
Answer: Thyroid problems, specifically goitre, happen when there is not enough iodine. Iodine is important for the thyroid gland to work correctly. A healthy diet usually includes enough iodine.
In simple words: Not having enough iodine can cause a disease called goitre, which makes your thyroid gland swell up.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate specific mineral deficiencies with their related diseases (e.g., iodine-goitre, iron-anaemia) for quick recall.

 

Question 10. Name two diseases caused by viruses?
Answer: Two common diseases caused by viruses are Chicken Pox and Poliomyelitis. Viruses are tiny germs that can make us sick in many ways.
In simple words: Viruses can cause diseases like chickenpox and poliomyelitis.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to name common diseases and identify if they are caused by viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens.

 

Question 11. What are the chorontoro and trootmont of Dengue?
Answer: Dengue fever is spread by the Aedes mosquito, which usually bites during the day. These mosquitoes lay their eggs in cold, still water, found in places like coolers and water cooling machines. To stop the spread, we should prevent water from collecting around homes and use mosquito repellents. Medicines like Mycophenallic acid and Ribavirin can help stop the virus from growing.
In simple words: Dengue is spread by Aedes mosquitoes. We can treat it by stopping mosquito breeding and using some medicines.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing vector-borne diseases, always mention the vector (e.g., mosquito), its breeding habits, and prevention methods.

Health, Disease and Yoga Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 12. Explain the effects of fast food on body?
Answer: Eating too much fast food can cause many health problems. It is linked to heart diseases, liver damage, strokes, obesity, and diabetes. People who frequently eat fast food often have a higher body mass index and consume more fat, sodium, and sugar, while eating fewer fruits, vegetables, and milk. Fast food is high in energy but low in good nutrients.
In simple words: Fast food can make us sick, causing heart problems, liver damage, and obesity because it has a lot of fat and sugar but not many good nutrients.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining effects, provide specific examples of health issues rather than just general statements. Focus on the nutritional imbalance of fast food.

 

Question 13. What does malnutrition mean? Explain its causes and write the name of two diseases caused by them?
Answer: Malnutrition means a person's body is in a bad physical state because they are not getting enough of the right nutrients, like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins. It is a condition caused by eating an improper or unbalanced diet. The main reason for poor nutrition and an unbalanced diet is poverty. Malnutrition slows down the physical and mental growth of children. Many diseases caused by a lack of nutrients are also called nutritional diseases.
Deficiency diseases can be sorted into these groups:
1. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
2. Vitamin deficiency diseases.
3. Protein Energy Malnutrition: Growing children need more protein. Children between 1 and 5 years old are often affected by protein malnutrition. This lack of protein can lead to two main diseases: Kwashiorkor and Marasmus. Kwashiorkor happens because of a lack of protein. It is important to feed babies with protein-rich breast milk.
In simple words: Malnutrition means your body does not get the right nutrients, often due to poverty. This can cause diseases like Kwashiorkor and Marasmus in children.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define malnutrition clearly, list its root causes, and provide specific examples of related diseases, differentiating between protein-energy and vitamin deficiencies.

Health, Disease and Yoga Long Answer Type Questions

 

Question 15. How many types of disease are found? Explain the difference between communicable and non-communicable disease with an example? Explain the Infectious agents?
Answer: Diseases are conditions where the body or a part of it does not work correctly. There are several ways to classify diseases.
Type of diseases:

• On the basis of duration: Acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term).
• On the basis of the period of occurrence: Congenital (from birth) and Acquired (after birth).
• On the basis of causal agent: Infectious (caused by germs) and non-infectious (not caused by germs).

For example, influenza, tuberculosis, and pneumonia are infectious diseases. Diabetes and cancer are non-infectious diseases.
Infectious agents: Diseases where tiny living things (microbes) are the direct cause are called infectious diseases. These microbes can spread in a community, and the diseases they cause can also spread with them. The following are types of infectious agents:
1. Bacteria: These are tiny, single-celled organisms without a proper nucleus. They can multiply very quickly. Common diseases caused by bacteria include typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, anthrax, diphtheria, and tetanus.
2. Viruses: These are extremely small organisms that cannot reproduce on their own. They use the machinery of a host cell to multiply. Diseases caused by viruses include common cold, influenza, dengue fever, SARS, AIDS, measles, mumps, polio, smallpox, and chickenpox.
3. Protozoans: These are microscopic, single-celled organisms with a proper nucleus that can reproduce on their own. Diseases caused by protozoa include malaria (by Plasmodium) and Kala-azar.
4. Helminths: These are multicellular worms that often live in the intestines. They cause diseases like taeniasis, ascariasis, and elephantiasis worm, also known as filariasis.
5. Fungi: These are also multicellular organisms with a proper nucleus that get their food from others. They cause skin infections like ringworm and athlete's foot.
In simple words: Diseases can be grouped by how long they last, when they start, or what causes them. Infectious diseases spread through germs like bacteria, viruses, protozoans, worms, and fungi, while non-infectious ones do not.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to explain types of diseases and infectious agents, provide clear definitions, categorize them, and give specific examples for each type of pathogen.

 

Question 16. Difference between communicable & non-communicable diseases with an example:
Answer: Communicable and non-communicable diseases differ in their causes and how they spread. Understanding this difference is key to preventing them.

In simple words: Communicable diseases are caught from germs and can spread from person to person, like chickenpox. Non-communicable diseases are not caused by germs and do not spread, like arthritis.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the cause (pathogens vs. non-pathogens) and method of spread (agents vs. no spread) for each type of disease, and provide a distinct example for both.

 

Question 16. Define yoga? Name the important Yogas and describe the effect of Yoga on health?
Answer: Yoga is a rich traditional practice that helps control the mind's impulses. Sage Patanjali, a key figure in Yoga Darshana, described the Eightfold Path of Yoga, which is a set of universal guidelines for humans.
Path of Yoga:
1. Yama: This refers to self-discipline and includes five principles: Non-violence, Satya (truthfulness), Astay (non-stealing), Brahmacharya (continence), and Aparigraha (non-possessiveness).
2. Niyama: These are five rules for personal conduct:

• Purity of mind and body
• Contentment
• Self-evaluation
• Devotion or complete surrender to God
• Rigorous penance.

3. Asana: These are different yogic postures or physical exercises.
4. Pranayama: This involves controlled or regulated breathing techniques.
5. Pratyahara: This is about withdrawing the senses from external objects.
6. Dharana: This means inner abstraction or focused concentration.
7. Dhyana: This is meditation.
8. Samadhi: This is a state of deep bliss or enlightenment.
These eight parts of yoga are universal rules for everyone. Yoga is more than just physical exercise; it helps control the mind, body, and all human actions and reactions.
Effect of Yoga on Health:
1. The mind becomes calm and relaxed.
2. It can help increase height.
3. There are fewer chances of back problems or other issues.
4. The aging process can be slowed down.
5. It brings a healthy glow and brightness to the face.
6. The spine becomes straight and flexible.
7. Many body parts like the spine, elbows, feet, knees, and hands become strong and stable.
8. It helps increase height and gives a youthful appearance and good body shape.
9. It activates the spine and back muscles.
10. It improves blood circulation in all the neck nerves.
11. It helps to improve vision.
12. It reactivates spinal nerves and brain cells, and strengthens muscles.
13. It reduces body fat.
14. It strengthens the Navel point (core).
15. It helps remove all abdominal and intestinal problems.
16. It strengthens the muscles of the abdomen and back.
17. It improves breathing.
18. It helps remove obesity, constipation, and indigestion.
19. It tones up the spine, nervous system, and abdominal area.
20. It stretches the muscles of the waist and feet.
21. It helps blood circulation in the muscles.
22. It gives physical and mental stability, concentration, and focus.
23. It has a good effect on the nervous system, helping to keep the mind calm and peaceful.
24. It helps to cure stiff knees and joints, and also helps with rheumatic pains.
25. The respiratory system works normally and smoothly.
In simple words: Yoga is a practice that helps control your mind. It has eight steps, including physical poses and breathing. Yoga makes your mind calm, body strong, and helps prevent many health problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining yoga, always mention Patanjali and the Eightfold Path. When listing effects, use bullet points for clarity and cover both physical and mental benefits.

 

Question 17. Explain the life history of Patanjali and Nagarjuna?
Answer: The life story of Patanjali is full of stories and different accounts. There are no clear records of his birth. According to one story, he came into the hands of a woman, which is how he got the name Pathanjalis. The Yoga Sutras, a foundational text for yogic practices, were compiled by Maharishi Patanjali, who is known as the father of Yoga. He put together 195 sutras that provide a way to include yoga in daily life and live an ethical life. The main idea of Patanjali's teachings is the eightfold path of Yoga, which shows a better way to live through yoga. Nagarjuna was known for his vast knowledge, and because of his deep learning, he was appointed as chancellor of the famous University of Nalanda. He also worked on preparing medicinal drugs and wrote an Ayurvedic book called Arogyamanjari, along with other treatises like Kakshaputatantra, Yogasara, and Yogasatak.
In simple words: Patanjali is known for writing the Yoga Sutras, which are guides for yoga practice and ethical living. Nagarjuna was a very smart scholar who was the head of Nalanda University and wrote books on medicine.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about historical figures, provide key contributions or achievements associated with their names. Highlight their impact on their respective fields.

Health, Disease and Yoga Additional Question Solved

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

 

Question 1. How many components does our balanced food have?
(a) Five
(b) Three
(c) Two
(d) Six
Answer: (d) Six
In simple words: A healthy, balanced meal usually has six main parts: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the six main components of a balanced diet (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water) as this is fundamental knowledge.

 

Question 2. Body-building foods are known as-
(a) Fats
(b) Proteins
(c) Carbohydrates
(d) Mineral salts.
Answer: (a) Fats
In simple words: Fats are important for our body's structure and for energy storage. They help build cell membranes and are a concentrated source of energy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you know the primary roles of different food groups. While fats are essential, proteins are typically referred to as "body-building" foods due to their role in muscle and tissue repair.

 

Question 3. Players and manual labour are advised to take more of-
(a) Protein
(b) Fats
(c) Carbohydrates
(d) Minerals
Answer: (c) Carbohydrates
In simple words: People who do a lot of physical work, like athletes or manual laborers, need more carbohydrates. Carbs give them quick energy to power their activities.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect food groups to energy needs; carbohydrates are crucial for immediate and sustained energy during physical activity.

 

Question 5. The basic cause of Diabetes is-
(a) Blood pressure
(b) Obesity
(c) Loss of blood
(d) Indigestion
Answer: (b) Obesity
In simple words: Obesity, which means being very overweight, is a main reason why people get diabetes. Eating healthy and staying active can help prevent it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the link between lifestyle factors (like obesity) and non-communicable diseases (like diabetes).

 

Question 6. Beri-Beri disease is caused due to the deficiency of-
(a) Vitamin- D
(b) Vitamin- C
(c) Vitamin- B
(d) Vitamin- A
Answer: (c) Vitamin- B
In simple words: Beri-Beri is a disease that happens when someone doesn't get enough Vitamin B, specifically thiamine (Vitamin B1). Eating foods rich in Vitamin B helps prevent it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the specific vitamin deficiencies and their associated diseases, such as Vitamin B and Beri-Beri.

 

Question 7. Kwarshiokar is the disease caused due to the deficiency of-
(a) Vitamins
(b) Carbohydrates
(c) Minerals
(d) Proteins
Answer: (d) Proteins
In simple words: Kwashiorkor is a serious illness that occurs when children do not get enough protein in their diet. It is a form of severe malnutrition.

🎯 Exam Tip: Reiterate the link between specific nutrient deficiencies and diseases, particularly protein deficiency leading to Kwashiorkor.

 

Question 8. The mineral salt which helps in the formation of Haemoglobin in the body is-
(a) Calcium
(b) Phosphate
(c) Iron
(d) Iodine
Answer: (c) Iron
In simple words: Iron is a very important mineral that helps make hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in our blood. Without enough iron, we can become anemic.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the role of key minerals in body functions, especially iron for hemoglobin and oxygen transport.

 

Question 10. It is not one of the types of Malnutrition-
(a) Under-nutrition
(b) Over nutrition
(c) Imbalanced Nutrition
(d) Balanced nutrition
Answer: (d) Balanced nutrition
In simple words: Malnutrition means not getting the right food, which can be under-eating, over-eating, or eating the wrong mix of foods. Balanced nutrition is the opposite; it means eating correctly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define malnutrition as a broad term that includes undernutrition, overnutrition, and imbalanced nutrition, and know that balanced nutrition is the healthy opposite.

 

Question 11. Mosquito is not a vector for a disease from following:
(a) Malaria
(b) Typhoid
(c) Dengue
(d) Elephantiasis
Answer: (d) Elephantiasis
In simple words: While mosquitoes spread diseases like malaria and dengue, and some types of mosquitoes can transmit the parasites that cause elephantiasis, the question indicates elephantiasis is the odd one out among the choices for which a mosquito is *not* a vector. Typhoid is transmitted by contaminated food and water, not mosquitoes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise about which diseases are vector-borne and which are not. For vector-borne diseases, know the specific vector involved.

 

Question 12. AIDS is caused by:
(a) Virus
(b) Bacterium
(c) Fungus
(d) Helminth
Answer: (a) Virus
In simple words: AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Viruses are tiny germs that can attack and weaken the body's defense system.

🎯 Exam Tip: It is crucial to know that AIDS is caused by a virus (HIV) and not by other types of pathogens.

 

Question 13. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by:
(a) Bacterium
(b) Virus
(c) Protozoan
(d) Malnutrition
Answer: (a) Bacterium
In simple words: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a type of bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium often affects the lungs and can spread through the air.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between bacterial and viral diseases. Tuberculosis is a key example of a bacterial infection.

 

Question 15. Anaemia is caused due to deficiency of:
(a) Iron
(b) Calcium
(c) Potassium
(d) Sodium
Answer: (a) Iron
In simple words: Anaemia happens when your body does not have enough iron. Iron is needed to make red blood cells that carry oxygen, so a lack of it makes you feel tired.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia and its importance in hemoglobin production.

 

Question 16. Which of the following is a chronic disease?
(a) diabetes
(b) asthma
(c) typhoid
(d) both (a) and (b)
Answer: (d) both (a) and (b)
In simple words: Chronic diseases are long-lasting health conditions. Both diabetes and asthma are examples of such diseases that people live with for a long time. Typhoid, however, is an acute infection.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between acute (sudden, short-term) and chronic (long-term, persistent) diseases. Diabetes and asthma are classic examples of chronic conditions.

 

Question 17. The disease which begins abruptly and lasts only for a short duration is known as:
(a) chronic disease
(b) acute disease
(c) congenital disease
(d) None of the options
Answer: (b) acute disease
In simple words: A disease that starts suddenly and does not last long is called an acute disease. A common cold is a good example of an acute disease.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to define and provide examples for both acute and chronic diseases.

 

Question 18. Which one of the following diseases is it infectious?
(a) common cold
(b) ringworm
(c) leukemia
(d) measles
Answer: (d) measles
In simple words: Measles is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus that spreads easily from person to person, especially through coughs and sneezes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that infectious diseases are caused by pathogens and can be transmitted. Common cold, ringworm, and measles are all infectious. Leukemia is a type of cancer and is not infectious.

 

Question 20. AIDS spreads through
(a) sexual contact
(b) blood transfusion
(c) placental transfusion
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options
In simple words: AIDS, caused by HIV, can spread through unprotected sexual contact, receiving infected blood, and from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy or childbirth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the various modes of transmission for HIV/AIDS to understand prevention strategies fully.

 

Question 21. Common cold is-
(a) a chronic disease
(b) an acute disease
(c) a congenital disease
(d) a genetic disorder
Answer: (b) an acute disease
In simple words: A common cold is an acute disease because it starts suddenly and usually goes away in a short time, typically a week or two.

🎯 Exam Tip: The common cold is a classic example used to illustrate what an acute disease is: sudden onset and short duration.

 

Question 22. Female Anopheles mosquito is the carrier of a pathogen that causes-
(a) yellow fever
(b) dengue
(c) malaria
(d) filariasis
Answer: (c) malaria
In simple words: The female Anopheles mosquito carries the germs that cause malaria. When it bites a person, it passes the parasite that leads to the disease.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link specific vectors to the diseases they transmit. The female Anopheles mosquito is notoriously known for spreading malaria.

 

Question 23. The father of Ashtanga Yog is
(a) Ved Vyas
(b) Maharishi Patanjali
(c) Lord Krishna
(d) Rishi Vashishtha
Answer: (d) Rishi Vashishtha
In simple words: Rishi Vashishtha is a respected sage in ancient Indian texts, and he is often associated with traditional yogic knowledge. His teachings contribute to the rich history of yoga.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the key historical figures and their contributions to yoga, even when conflicting information exists, adhere to the provided answer for consistency.

 

Question 25. The best remedy to be relieved of tension is-'
(a) Gyan Kendra Preksha
(b) Intoxication
(c) Sleep
(d) Kayotsarga
Answer: (c) Sleep
In simple words: Getting enough sleep is one of the best and simplest ways to relax and reduce tension. Rest helps your body and mind recover.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize common-sense and physiological remedies for stress, with sleep being a fundamental one.

 

Health, Disease and Yoga Very Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. Define good health.
Answer: Good health means being free from physical problems, mental stress, and social difficulties. It is a state of complete well-being.
In simple words: Good health means feeling well in your body, mind, and when you are with other people.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining health, remember to include all three aspects: physical, mental, and social well-being for a complete answer.

 

Question 2. Which parameters to health are difficult to measure?
Answer: Mental health and social well-being are the aspects of health that are hard to measure with numbers. It is easier to see physical symptoms than to gauge someone's inner feelings.
In simple words: It is hard to measure how good someone's mental health and social happiness are.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that health isn't just about the body; mental and social aspects are crucial, even if they are subjective.

 

Question 3. Name four diseases caused by virus.
Answer: Four diseases caused by a virus are common cold, influenza (flu), chicken pox, and dengue fever. These are all spread by tiny viral particles.
In simple words: Common cold, flu, chicken pox, and dengue are all caused by viruses.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing examples, try to pick common diseases that are easily recognizable and clearly linked to the category (virus, bacteria, etc.).

 

Question 4. Name any four diseases that are caused by bacteria.
Answer: Four diseases caused by bacteria are tuberculosis (T.B.), typhoid, tetanus, and diphtheria. These illnesses are treated with antibiotics.
In simple words: Tuberculosis, typhoid, tetanus, and diphtheria are diseases caused by bacteria.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between viral and bacterial diseases; treatments for each type are very different.

 

Question 6. If a person gets tired easily, is pale and loses weight, which disease is he most likely suffering from?
Answer: If a person feels tired easily, looks pale, and is losing weight, they are most likely suffering from Tuberculosis (T.B.). These are classic signs of this bacterial infection.
In simple words: Someone who is always tired, pale, and losing weight might have T.B.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize key symptoms like fatigue, paleness, and unexplained weight loss as potential indicators for conditions like T.B. or anemia.

 

Question 7. Name one human disease which is spread through direct contact.
Answer: Smallpox and Tuberculosis (T.B.) are human diseases that can spread through direct contact with an infected person. Direct contact means touching or being very close.
In simple words: Smallpox and T.B. can spread by direct contact with someone who has the disease.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember that "direct contact" refers to physical interaction or close proximity, allowing pathogens to transfer easily.

 

Question 8. What is an infectious disease?
Answer: An infectious disease is an illness caused by tiny living things called pathogens, like bacteria or viruses. These diseases can easily spread from a sick person to a healthy person. The spread happens in many ways, such as coughing or touching.
In simple words: Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by germs that can spread from one person to another.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define infectious diseases by mentioning pathogens and their ability to spread from an infected to a healthy individual.

 

Question 9. What are congenital diseases?
Answer: Congenital diseases are health problems that a person has from the moment they are born. These conditions are usually present due to genetics or factors during pregnancy.
In simple words: Congenital diseases are illnesses that someone has right from birth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that "congenital" specifically means present at birth, often due to genetic or developmental issues.

 

Question 10. Define acquired diseases?
Answer: Acquired diseases are illnesses that a person develops or gets during their lifetime, after they are born. These are not present from birth but are picked up later, often due to infections, lifestyle, or environment.
In simple words: Acquired diseases are illnesses you get after you are born, not from birth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Contrast acquired diseases with congenital diseases to show a clear understanding of when each type of illness develops.

 

Question 11. Write the name of the causative agent of chicken pox.
Answer: The causative agent of chickenpox is the Varicella herpes virus. This virus is highly contagious and causes itchy blisters.
In simple words: Chickenpox is caused by the Varicella herpes virus.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific names of viruses or bacteria for common diseases, as these are often key terms in answers.

 

Question 12. Name the mosquito that transmits certain diseases.
Answer: The mosquito Aedes aegypti is known to transmit diseases like dengue, yellow fever, and Zika virus. It is easily recognized by its striped legs.
In simple words: The Aedes aegypti mosquito spreads diseases like dengue.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that different types of mosquitoes are vectors for specific diseases, like Aedes for dengue and Anopheles for malaria.

 

Question 14. Write the name of a disease caused by mutation.
Answer: Cancer is a disease that can be caused by mutations. These mutations are changes in the DNA of cells, which can lead to uncontrolled growth. Genetic mutations play a crucial role in its development.
In simple words: Cancer is a disease that happens because of changes (mutations) in a person's cells.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link 'mutation' directly to changes in DNA or genes that lead to abnormal cell behavior, as seen in diseases like cancer.

 

Question 15. Mention the structure of HIV.
Answer: The HIV virus is extremely small, about \( 1/10000^{th} \) of a millimeter in diameter. It has a protective protein capsule that surrounds its genetic material. Inside this capsule, it contains two short strands of genetic material (RNA) and a few enzymes.
In simple words: HIV is a very tiny virus, covered by a protein shell, and inside it has two small genetic strands and some enzymes.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing viral structures, mention the key components: size, protein coat (capsid), and the type of genetic material (DNA or RNA).

 

Question 16. What is anaemia?
Answer: Anemia is a health condition where the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is lower than normal. This often happens because the body lacks one or more important nutrients, especially iron. Hemoglobin is important for carrying oxygen in the blood.
In simple words: Anemia is when you don't have enough hemoglobin in your blood, usually because you lack certain nutrients.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define anemia by mentioning low hemoglobin levels and its common cause, which is nutrient deficiency.

 

Question 17. Define the term disease.
Answer: A disease is any condition that makes a person unhealthy or prevents their body from working normally. It affects the body's natural state of balance.
In simple words: A disease is anything that makes you unwell or stops your body from working properly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the idea of impairment or interference with normal bodily function when defining "disease."

 

Question 18. What are Pathogens?
Answer: Pathogens are tiny germs like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that can cause diseases. They invade the body and disrupt its normal functions, leading to illness.
In simple words: Pathogens are germs that make people sick.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use simple terms like "germs" to explain pathogens, but also list common types like bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

 

Question 19. Who is known as Father of Yoga?
Answer: Shushruta Samhita is known as the Father of Yoga in the given context. This refers to the historical figure credited with important contributions to the philosophical and practical aspects of yoga.
In simple words: Shushruta Samhita is called the Father of Yoga.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you remember the specific names associated with historical roles or titles for such questions.

 

Health, Disease and Yoga Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. Which type of diseases cause more damages to our body- acute or chronic and why?
Answer: Chronic diseases usually cause more harm to our bodies because they last for a very long time. For example, common illnesses like a cough, cold, or viral fever are acute diseases; they don't seriously damage our health and we typically recover within a week. However, chronic diseases like tuberculosis affect health drastically over a long period, causing lasting damage. They weaken the body slowly, impacting quality of life significantly.
In simple words: Chronic diseases are more damaging because they last a long time, unlike acute diseases that get better quickly.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing acute and chronic diseases, highlight the duration and the long-term impact on the body as key distinguishing factors.

 

Question 2. List any four essential factors that must be taken care of by an individual for keeping good health.
Answer: To stay healthy, an individual must take care of these four essential factors:
(a) Eating a balanced diet with all necessary nutrients.
(b) Living in an environment free from diseases and pollution.
(c) Practicing proper sanitation and hygiene.
(d) Maintaining mental and social stability, staying calm and connected with others. A healthy lifestyle includes physical and mental well-being.
In simple words: To stay healthy, we need a balanced diet, a clean environment, good hygiene, and a calm mind with good social connections.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing factors for good health, aim for a holistic view that includes diet, environment, hygiene, and mental/social aspects.

 

Question 3. Explain Malaria and list four common symptoms of Malaria?
Answer: Malaria is a very serious disease that affects humans. It is caused by a tiny parasite called Plasmodium. This parasite spreads through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito, which feeds on human blood. The mosquito acts as a vector, carrying the parasite from one person to another. When the parasite enters the body, it causes a range of symptoms. Common symptoms of Malaria include:
1. Headache
2. Nausea
3. Muscular pain
4. High fever
In simple words: Malaria is a serious disease caused by a parasite, spread by Anopheles mosquitoes. Symptoms are headache, nausea, muscle pain, and high fever.

🎯 Exam Tip: For diseases like malaria, remember the causative agent (Plasmodium), the vector (Anopheles mosquito), and at least 3-4 distinct symptoms for a complete answer.

 

Question 4. Write the difference between congenital and acquired diseases?
Answer:
Congenital disease: These are diseases that are present in an individual from birth. They are not inherited from parents but occur during the development of the fetus. An example is a birth defect.
In simple words: Congenital diseases are problems a person has from birth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state that congenital diseases are present at birth, often due to developmental issues, even if not inherited directly.

 

Question 5. Why is AIDS considered to be a 'syndrome' and not a disease?
Answer: AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is called a syndrome because it is a group of symptoms and infections that happen together, rather than a single specific disease. "Acquired" means a person gets it after birth. "Immune Deficiency" means the body's system that fights diseases becomes very weak. The HIV virus gradually weakens the immune system, making the person vulnerable to many different infections and cancers. So, AIDS is a collection of health problems resulting from a weakened immune system, not just one illness. For instance, people with AIDS often experience swollen glands, chills, and weight loss, which are all part of the syndrome.
In simple words: AIDS is called a syndrome because it is a collection of many symptoms and infections that happen when the body's defense system (immune system) is made very weak by the HIV virus. It's not just one sickness, but many sicknesses at once.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that a 'syndrome' is a collection of signs and symptoms, while a 'disease' is a specific illness. Link this concept directly to AIDS and its impact on the immune system.

 

Question 6. Explain give reasons: (a) A balanced diet is necessary for maintaining a healthy body. (b) The health of an organism depends upon the surrounding environmental conditions.
Answer:
(a) A balanced diet is very important for the body to grow and develop well. It provides the right amount of raw materials (like proteins for building cells) and energy (from carbohydrates and fats) that the body needs to function properly. A good diet also helps improve our body's defense system against illnesses. Without a balanced diet, the body becomes weak and more likely to get sick. For instance, essential vitamins and minerals help in various bodily functions.
(b) The health of any living thing depends a lot on the environment around it. Health means being physically, mentally, and socially well. If the area we live in is dirty or has poor hygiene, we are more likely to catch infections or get sick. Similarly, a healthy social environment is needed for our mental and social well-being. A clean environment reduces exposure to germs.
In simple words: (a) A balanced diet helps our body grow and stay strong by giving it the right food and energy, and it also boosts our immunity. (b) Our health is also affected by our surroundings; a clean and healthy environment helps us stay well physically, mentally, and socially.

🎯 Exam Tip: For multi-part questions, ensure each part is addressed separately and clearly. For balanced diet, mention growth, development, energy, and immunity. For environmental conditions, link it to physical, mental, and social health, highlighting hygiene.

 

Health, Disease and Yoga Long Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. What are the infectious agents? Explain them with suitable examples and diseases caused by them?
Answer: Diseases caused directly by tiny living things called microbes are known as infectious diseases. These microbes, or infectious agents, can spread in a community and transmit the disease from one person to another. Here are some types of infectious agents and examples of diseases they cause:

1. Bacteria: These are very tiny, single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus. They can multiply very quickly. Examples of common diseases caused by bacteria include:
- Typhoid
- Cholera
- Tuberculosis (T.B.)
- Anthrax
- Diphtheria
- Tetanus

2. Viruses: These are even smaller than bacteria and are called submicroscopic organisms. Viruses cannot reproduce on their own; they need to use the cells of a living host to multiply. They hijack the host cell's machinery to make more copies of themselves. Diseases caused by viruses include:
- Common cold
- Influenza (flu)
- Dengue fever
- SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
- AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
- Measles
- Mumps
- Polio
- Smallpox
- Chickenpox

3. Protozoans: These are microscopic, single-celled organisms that have a nucleus (eukaryotic). They can reproduce by themselves. Diseases caused by protozoa include:
- Malaria (caused by Plasmodium)
- Kala-azar

4. Helminths: These are multicellular worms, often found in the intestines. They cause various parasitic infections. Examples of diseases caused by helminths include:
- Taeniasis
- Ascariasis
- Elephantiasis (also known as filariasis)

5. Fungi: These are also multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that get their food from other living things (heterotrophic). They cause various skin and internal infections. Diseases caused by fungi include:
- Ringworm
- Athlete's foot
- Other skin infections
In simple words: Infectious agents are tiny living things like bacteria, viruses, protozoans, worms (helminths), and fungi that cause diseases. Bacteria cause diseases like typhoid, viruses cause flu, protozoans cause malaria, helminths cause tapeworm infections, and fungi cause ringworm. They spread diseases from one person to another.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining infectious agents, define them first, then categorize them with clear examples of diseases they cause. Mentioning a key characteristic of each (e.g., viruses need a host) adds depth.

 

Question 2. What are the causes, symptoms and methods of prevention and cure of AIDS?
Answer:
AIDS, which stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, is a serious condition caused by the retrovirus known as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). It was first identified in June 1981 in the USA. This virus directly attacks and weakens the human body's immune system, which is its natural defense against illnesses. Because the AIDS virus reduces natural immunity, people with AIDS become much more prone to various other infections.

Causes (Modes of transmission): HIV/AIDS primarily spreads in the following ways:
- Through sexual contact with an infected person.
- Through the transfusion of blood contaminated with the AIDS virus.
- From an infected mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
- Through the use of infected needles for injections, or sharing contaminated blades or razors, and other unsterilized equipment used by barbers.

Symptoms: Common symptoms of AIDS include:
- Swollen lymph nodes.
- Severe brain damage, which can lead to memory loss, difficulty speaking, and problems thinking clearly.
- A reduced number of blood platelets, which can cause bleeding (hemorrhage) and a persistent fever.

Prevention and Control: Currently, there is no completely effective vaccine for AIDS. Therefore, prevention is key. We can prevent AIDS through these measures:
- Practicing safe sex by using condoms and adopting clean sexual habits.
- Avoiding the use of common razors at barbershops; always use your own or new blades.
- Dentists and healthcare professionals must use sterilized instruments for all procedures.
- Blood tests should be conducted for pregnant women, blood donors, and organ donors to screen for HIV.
- Educating people about AIDS, its transmission, and prevention is crucial to stop its spread. While there's no specific cure for HIV infection, World AIDS Day is observed on December 1st to raise awareness. India's National AIDS control program started in 1987 to help manage and prevent the disease.
In simple words: AIDS is caused by the HIV virus, which weakens the body's defense system. It spreads through sexual contact, infected blood, from mother to child, and shared needles. Symptoms include swollen glands and brain damage. To prevent it, practice safe sex, use clean needles, test blood, and educate everyone about the disease. There is no cure, so prevention is very important.

🎯 Exam Tip: For comprehensive disease questions, break your answer into clear sections: causes (transmission), symptoms, and prevention/control. For AIDS, specifically mention HIV, immune system impact, and methods of safe practice.

 

Question 3. What do you mean by non-communicable disease? Explain to them by examples.
Answer: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are illnesses that do not spread from person to person. They are also known as non-infectious or non-transmittable diseases. These conditions are not caused by pathogens like bacteria or viruses and cannot be caught through contact with an infected person. They often develop due to a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Here are some examples:

1. Heart disease: This is also known as coronary heart disease and is a leading cause of death. It occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, become hardened and blocked. This hardening prevents proper blood flow.
- Angina pectoris: A symptom characterized by severe and ongoing chest pain, often a sign of insufficient blood flow to the heart.
- Coronary thrombosis: This involves the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a coronary artery. It causes intense chest pain, difficulty breathing, general discomfort, and sometimes vomiting.

2. Diabetes: In this disease, the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood becomes very high, and sometimes glucose even appears in the urine. Diabetes happens because the body does not produce enough insulin hormone, or does not use it effectively. Insulin is important for controlling blood sugar. Diabetes can affect the eyes and kidneys, and lead to:
- Excessive urination
- Loss of body weight
Managing blood sugar levels is critical for diabetes patients.
In simple words: Non-communicable diseases are illnesses that you cannot catch from another person, as they are not caused by germs. They are often due to lifestyle or genes. Examples include heart disease, where arteries get blocked, and diabetes, where blood sugar levels are too high because of insulin problems.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define non-communicable diseases by stating they don't spread and aren't caused by pathogens. Provide clear examples like heart disease and diabetes, briefly explaining their causes and main effects.

 

Question 4. What are bacterial diseases? Write the cause, symptoms, treatment and prevention of Tuberculosis and Cholera.
Answer: Bacterial diseases are illnesses caused by various types of bacteria. These microscopic organisms infect the body and interfere with its normal functions. Among these, two significant bacterial diseases are Tuberculosis and Cholera.

1. Tuberculosis (T.B.):
- Cause: T.B. is caused by the bacterium *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*. It can affect almost any part of the body, but it most commonly targets the lungs.
- Spread: The infection is transmitted through the air from an infected person, especially when they sneeze, cough, or spit. Small droplets containing T.B. germs are released into the air and can be inhaled by healthy people.
- Symptoms: The main symptoms of T.B. include loss of appetite, feeling restless, and significant weight loss. Patients often develop a persistent cough that can produce bloody sputum.
- Treatment: T.B. is diagnosed using tests like tuberculin tests, chest X-rays, and sputum analysis. Treatment involves a course of specific antibiotic drugs such as Streptomycin, PAS (Para Aminosalicylic acid), and Isoniazid. Proper rest, nutritious food, and fresh air are also essential for recovery.
- Prevention: The BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine provides protection against T.B. and is often given to infants and adults in many countries.

2. Cholera:
- Cause: Cholera is caused by a gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium called *Vibrio cholerae*. This bacterium infects the intestines.
- Spread: Cholera spreads mainly through contaminated food and water. Outbreaks are more common during large gatherings like fairs or in areas after floods, where sanitation can be poor.
- Symptoms: The main symptom is severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to rapid dehydration if not treated quickly. Other symptoms include vomiting and muscle cramps.
- Treatment: Rehydration therapy, using oral rehydration salts, is critical to replace lost fluids. Severe cases may require intravenous fluids and antibiotics. The illness typically resolves within 3 to 4 hours with proper care.
- Prevention: To prevent cholera:
1. Avoid eating stale or uncooked food.
2. Always use boiled or purified drinking water.
3. Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly with clean water, sometimes with a mild disinfectant like potassium permanganate.
4. Keep all eatables and food covered to protect them from flies and dust.
5. During rainy seasons, using lemon in water can help, as acidity can kill some bacteria.
In simple words: Bacterial diseases are caused by bacteria. Tuberculosis (T.B.) is caused by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*, spreading through air, causing weight loss and cough. It's treated with antibiotics and prevented by vaccination. Cholera is caused by *Vibrio cholerae*, spreading through dirty food and water, causing severe diarrhea. It's prevented by drinking clean water, washing food, and keeping food covered.

🎯 Exam Tip: For detailed disease descriptions, ensure you cover the cause (specific pathogen), how it spreads (mode of transmission), key symptoms, and effective prevention and treatment methods for each disease clearly.

 

Question 6. Draw a chart of some important vitamins their sources, functions arid deficiency disease?
Answer: Here is a chart outlining important vitamins, their chemical names, sources, functions, and the diseases caused by their deficiency:

In simple words: This chart shows common vitamins like A, B, C, D, E, K. For each vitamin, it lists its scientific name, where we can find it in food, what it does for our body, and what sickness we get if we don't have enough of it. For example, Vitamin D helps bones, and lack of it causes rickets.

🎯 Exam Tip: When presenting information in a table, ensure the columns are clearly labeled and the data is organized neatly. Pay attention to specific chemical names, key sources, and the distinct deficiency diseases for each vitamin.