RBSE Solutions Class 9 Physical Education Chapter 8 First-Aid

Chapter 8 First-Aid

Textbook Questions Solved

Multiple Choice Questions

 

Question 1. The colour of arterial blood is:
(a) Bright red.
(b) Bluish red.
(c) Dark red.
(d) Yellowish red.
Answer: (a) Bright red.
In simple words: Arterial blood is bright red because it carries a lot of oxygen from the lungs to the body. Oxygenated blood appears bright red due to the oxygen binding with hemoglobin.

🎯 Exam Tip: The color of blood indicates its oxygen content. Arterial blood is oxygen-rich, so it's bright red, while venous blood is oxygen-poor and darker.

 

Question 2. The First-aid box should NOT contain
(a) Coconut oil.
(b) Glycerin.
(c) Coconut.
(d) Glucose.
Answer: (c) Coconut.
In simple words: A first-aid box should not have a coconut in it. First-aid kits are for immediate medical help, not for food items.

🎯 Exam Tip: A first-aid box should only contain items useful for immediate medical help, like bandages, antiseptics, and basic medicines.

 

Question 3. First aid means
(a) Treating the patient in the Nursing home.
(b) Looking after the patient in the hospital.
(c) Asking the other people for help.
(d) Giving immediate and temporary help to the patient.
Answer: (d) Giving immediate and temporary help to the patient.
In simple words: First aid is quick, temporary help for someone who is hurt or sick, before a doctor comes. This helps them feel better or keeps their condition from getting worse.

🎯 Exam Tip: First aid is about providing immediate care at the scene of an accident or sudden illness to prevent the condition from worsening.

 

Question 5. Patient's temperature is measured with the
(a) Scale.
(b) Measuring rod.
(c) Thermometer.
(d) Barometer.
Answer: (c) Thermometer.
In simple words: We use a thermometer to check a patient's temperature. It helps us know if someone has a fever or normal body heat.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use a clean, calibrated thermometer to get an accurate temperature reading, as this is crucial for diagnosing illness.

 

Question 6. Pulse rate of the normal person (adult) per minute is between
(a) 72 to 80 times.
(b) 15 to 18 times.
(c) 72 to 76 times.
(d) 20 to 25 times.
Answer: (a) 72 to 80 times.
In simple words: A normal adult's pulse usually beats 72 to 80 times in one minute. This rate can change based on activity or how healthy a person is.

🎯 Exam Tip: A normal resting heart rate for adults is typically between 60 and 100 beats per minute, but for a very healthy person it can be lower.

 

Question 7. When the ends of the two bones get entangled into each other, it is known as
(a) Simple Fracture.
(b) Impact fracture.
(c) Complicated fracture.
(d) Greek stick fracture.
Answer: (b) Impact fracture.
In simple words: If two bones get jammed together when they break, it's called an impact fracture. This happens when one bone end is forced into another.

🎯 Exam Tip: Impact fractures are severe breaks where bone fragments are pushed into each other, often requiring specific medical attention.

 

Question 9. Which of the following is NOT a method of artificial respiration?
(a) Sheiffer Method.
(b) Salvon technique.
(c) Selvister's Method.
(d) Mouth to mouth breathing.
Answer: (b) Salvon technique.
In simple words: The "Salvon technique" is not a recognized way to do artificial breathing. Common methods include Shaeffer, Silvester, and mouth-to-mouth.

🎯 Exam Tip: It's important to know the correct and recognized methods of artificial respiration, such as mouth-to-mouth, to provide effective life support.

 

Question 10. The first aider, at the sight of the drowning person, should immediately
(a) Pull him out by holding his hair or clothes.
(b) Shift him to the shady place.
(c) Make him lie down.
(d) Give him artificial respiration.
Answer: (a) Pull him out by holding his hair or clothes.
In simple words: If someone is drowning, the first helper should quickly pull them out of the water, perhaps by their hair or clothes. The first step is to get them to safety.

🎯 Exam Tip: Safety of both the rescuer and victim is paramount. Always ensure you can safely extract a drowning person without endangering yourself.

Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. How will you treat the patient of Dislocation of bones?
Answer: To treat a bone dislocation, first, apply cold compresses to the area to help reduce pain and swelling. It is very important never to try to put the bone back into place yourself, as this can cause more harm. After applying cold compresses, use a sling or other support to keep the dislocated joint still. Then, make sure to take the patient to a doctor immediately for professional medical attention. Getting immediate medical care is important to prevent long-term damage.
In simple words: To treat a dislocated bone, use cold packs for pain. Never try to fix the bone yourself. Use a sling to support it and take the person to a doctor right away.

🎯 Exam Tip: For dislocations, remember R.I.C.E. (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) and always seek professional medical help without trying to "pop" the bone back in.

 

Question 2. Write the techniques of bandaging the injured parts of the body.
Answer: There are different ways to bandage injured body parts, with triangular bandages being very useful. A triangular bandage is good because it can be folded into a broad bandage, a narrow bandage, or even used as a sling to support an arm. It can also be folded into a pad (compress) to put over a wound. These bandages help protect wounds and support injured areas. This flexibility makes them suitable for various types of injuries.
In simple words: To bandage injuries, a triangular bandage is very helpful. It can be folded in different ways, like a broad strip, a narrow strip, or even used to hold an arm in a sling. It can also be folded to press on a wound.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the versatility of a triangular bandage is key, as it can be adapted for many types of injuries and support needs.

 

Question 3. What is First-Aid Box? Which medicines and articles should it contain? Write any seven in each case.
Answer: A first-aid box is a special container that holds medical supplies and tools to help someone who has had an accident or suddenly fallen ill. It is used to give immediate help before a doctor arrives.
For medicines, a first-aid box should include items like pain-relieving tablets (e.g., Paracetamol, Aspirin), antiseptic cream, Dettol for cleaning wounds, and basic remedies like coconut oil or glycerin.
For articles, it should contain sterile gauze pieces, adhesive tapes, cotton, bandages, scissors, safety pins, and a thermometer. Having a well-stocked kit can make a big difference in an emergency.
In simple words: A first-aid box has medicines and tools to help injured people right away. It should have pain tablets, antiseptic cream, Dettol, gauze, bandages, and scissors.

🎯 Exam Tip: Regularly check and replenish your first-aid box to ensure all items are in date and ready for use in an emergency.

 

Question 4. What should the first-aider do to give immediate relief to the Victim of sprain?
Answer: To give immediate relief to someone with a sprain, a first-aider should take several steps. First, ensure the sprained part rests and is secured with a bandage to prevent any sudden movements. Apply cold compresses, like a wet bandage with cold water or ice, to reduce swelling. After some initial rest, applying hot water fomentation can also help ease the pain. Gently rub the affected area with pain relief ointment like Iodex or use a mild massage with mustard oil. For temporary pain relief, a traditional method involves heating a lemon piece with sprinkled salt and placing it on the sprain. These steps aim to reduce pain and support healing.
In simple words: For a sprain, let the injured part rest and tie it with a bandage. Use cold water or ice on the bandage. Later, use hot water packs. Rub pain relief cream or mustard oil gently. You can also use a warm lemon slice with salt for pain.

🎯 Exam Tip: The initial management of a sprain often involves R.I.C.E. (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) to reduce swelling and pain, followed by gentle movement as healing progresses.

 

Question 5. Write a brief note on the types of fractures.
Answer: Fractures, or broken bones, can be classified into different types based on how the bone breaks and if the skin is open.
1. Simple Fracture: This is a break where the bone is broken, but the skin remains unbroken. It is often less complicated than other types.
2. Compound Fracture: In this type, the bone not only breaks but also pierces through the skin, creating an open wound. This makes it more serious due to the risk of infection.
In simple words: A simple fracture means the bone is broken, but the skin is not cut open. A compound fracture means the broken bone goes through the skin, making a wound.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the difference between simple and compound fractures is vital for first aid because compound fractures carry a high risk of infection due to the open wound.

 

Question 6. Write the full form of the given medical terms: Syp, Cap, T.D.S, A.D., S.O.O, B.D, Oint, P.C, H.S, B.B.F.
Answer: Here are the full forms for some common medical terms used in prescriptions:
Syp - Syrup
Cap - Capsule
T.D.S - Three times in a day, at an interval of eight hours.
A.D. - On alternate days.
S.O.O - In case of need
B.D - Two times a day
Oint - Ointment
P.C - After lunch
H.S - Before going to bed at night
B.B.F - Before breakfast.
Understanding these abbreviations helps ensure correct medication usage.
In simple words: These are short forms for medical terms. Syp means Syrup, Cap means Capsule, T.D.S means three times a day, A.D. means every other day, S.O.O means only when needed, B.D means two times a day, Oint means Ointment, P.C means after lunch, H.S means before sleep, and B.B.F means before breakfast.

🎯 Exam Tip: Medical abbreviations are used to clearly communicate instructions. Knowing them helps avoid confusion when giving or taking medicine.

 

Question 7. What is the technique of bandaging injured foot?
Answer: To bandage an injured foot using a triangular bandage, first, spread the bandage flat on the ground. Fold its base edge by about 5 cm. Position the injured foot on the bandage, making sure the toes point towards the bandage's tip. Next, take the tip of the bandage and fold it over the foot towards the ankle, covering the entire foot. Then, bring the two loose ends of the bandage around the foot in a crossing pattern. Finally, tie these ends securely above the ankle. This method provides support and stability to the injured foot.
In simple words: To bandage a foot, lay a triangular bandage flat. Fold one edge about 5 cm. Put the injured foot on it with toes pointing to the tip. Fold the tip over the foot to the ankle. Cross the two loose ends over the foot and tie them tightly above the ankle.

🎯 Exam Tip: When applying a bandage, ensure it's firm enough to provide support but not so tight that it cuts off circulation to the foot.

Long Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. What does First-Aid imply? What is its significance? Which medicines and articles should the first aid box contain?
Answer: First aid means giving quick, temporary help to someone who is hurt or suddenly sick, before a doctor can arrive. The most important goal of first aid is to save a life. It is very important today because accidents can happen anywhere, like at home, school, work, or on the road. Quick first aid can prevent a situation from getting worse.
A first aid box should contain important items like pain-relieving tablets, antiseptic creams, sterile gauze, bandages, scissors, and a thermometer. Having these ready helps provide immediate care.
In simple words: First aid is quick help given to someone hurt or sick until a doctor comes. Its main goal is to save lives. It's important because accidents happen everywhere. A first aid box needs pain medicines, antiseptic, bandages, scissors, and a thermometer.

🎯 Exam Tip: A comprehensive understanding of first aid includes not only what to do but also the importance of being prepared with a well-stocked first aid kit.

 

Question 2. Which basic points are you required to keep in mind while attending upon an accident victim? Write about them briefly.
Answer: When helping an accident victim, a first-aider should focus on a few key points. First, stop any severe bleeding, then ensure the person is breathing properly. After that, work to prevent further shock or injury. It is crucial to stay calm and speak confidently to the victim. The first-aider should also contact medical professionals as soon as possible and only do what is necessary until help arrives.
If the accident is in a public place, a bystander might be the first-aider, while at school, a trained teacher would typically help. It's essential that schools and workplaces have a fully equipped first-aid box and that first-aiders know where to find medical help quickly. Timely and skilled first aid can be life-saving.
In simple words: When helping an injured person, first stop bleeding, check breathing, and prevent shock. Stay calm and call a doctor. Only do what is needed until real help comes. Schools should have first-aid boxes, and helpers should know where to find doctors.

🎯 Exam Tip: The 'ABCs' of first aid (Airway, Breathing, Circulation/Bleeding) are fundamental priorities when attending to an accident victim.

 

Question 3. What does Haemorrhage or bleeding mean? What are the main types of Haemorrhages? How will you treat the patient of arterial haemorrhage and Nose bleeding?
Answer: Haemorrhage, or bleeding, is when blood escapes from blood vessels, often due to an injury. It needs immediate treatment, which depends on the type of bleeding. When blood is exposed to air, it usually clots, forming a scab that should not be removed. Applying cold water or ice to the bleeding area can also help.
There are several main types of haemorrhages:
1. Arterial Haemorrhage: This is bleeding from an artery, which is usually bright red and comes out in spurts.
2. Venous Haemorrhage: This is bleeding from a vein, which is typically darker red and flows steadily.
3. Capillary Haemorrhage: This is minor bleeding from capillaries, like a graze, which usually oozes slowly.
4. Nasal Haemorrhage: This is a nosebleed.
5. Ear Haemorrhage: This is bleeding from the ear.
To treat arterial haemorrhage, apply direct and firm pressure to the wound, if possible elevate the injured part, and seek immediate medical help. For a nosebleed, have the person sit up, lean slightly forward, and pinch the soft part of their nose for 10-15 minutes, breathing through their mouth. Applying cold packs to the bridge of the nose can also help.
In simple words: Haemorrhage is bleeding. Blood can come from arteries, veins, or small capillaries. Nosebleeds and earbleeds are also types. To stop arterial bleeding, press hard on the wound. For a nosebleed, sit up, lean forward, and pinch your nose for 10-15 minutes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguishing between arterial (bright red, spurting) and venous (dark red, flowing) bleeding is crucial for appropriate first aid response.

 

Question 4. What immediate steps are required to be taken in the cases of drowning? Which are the methods of artificial breathing? Explain them.
Answer: In cases of drowning, immediate actions are vital. First, safely pull the drowning person out of the water, for example, by their hair or clothes. Move them to a dry, shady area. Loosen their clothing, then clean any weeds or mud from their face, mouth, and nose. It's crucial to try and restart their breathing, as water in the lungs can stop the diaphragm from working. Lay the person on their abdomen with their face downwards, and gently raise their abdomen to help drain water from their nose and mouth. Finally, cover them with a blanket to keep them warm and offer warm drinks like tea or coffee once they are conscious.
There are several methods for artificial breathing:
1. Shaeffer Method: The person lies face down with hands spread near their head. The first aider kneels by their side, places hands firmly under their ribs, and leans forward to apply pressure, then releases it. This rhythmic pressure helps push air out and draw air in.
2. Mouth to Mouth Respiration: This involves sealing your mouth over the victim's mouth and blowing air into their lungs.
3. Silvester Method: This method involves laying the patient straight on their back with a pillow under their head. Another helper pulls the patient's tongue out. The first aider kneels near the head, holds the patient's arms under the elbows, and then pulls them up, down, right, and left while applying pressure near the ribs. This process is repeated until natural breathing resumes, helping to move air in and out of the lungs.
The Shaeffer Method involves placing the drowned person face downwards on their abdomen with their arms spread. The rescuer kneels by their side, placing hands under the victim's lower ribs. By leaning forward, pressure is applied to the diaphragm, contracting the chest. Releasing the pressure allows the chest to expand. This sequence of pressure and release is repeated until the person starts breathing on their own, helping to empty water from the lungs and bring in air.
In simple words: For someone who has drowned, first pull them out of the water. Take them to a dry spot, loosen clothes, and clean their face. Try to restart their breathing. Lie them on their tummy, face down, and lift their stomach to let water drain. Keep them warm and give warm drinks. Ways to help someone breathe include the Shaeffer method, Mouth-to-Mouth, and Silvester method. In the Shaeffer method, the person lies on their stomach. You press on their back and then release, helping them breathe out and in. You keep doing this until they breathe by themselves. The Silvester method involves arm movements to help expand and compress the chest.

🎯 Exam Tip: Prioritizing the removal of a drowning victim from water, followed by assessing and restoring breathing, are critical life-saving steps.

 

Question 5. Classify the wounds. How should the wounds be treated and bandaged?
Answer: Wounds can be classified into several types based on how they are caused and their appearance:
1. Incised wounds: These are deep cuts made by sharp objects like knives, daggers, or glass.
2. Slashed wounds: These are cuts caused by objects like swords or axes, often involving significant bone injury.
3. Punctured wounds: These are deep holes made by pointed objects such as nails, bayonets, or daggers, with a small opening on the skin surface.
4. Contused wounds: These wounds result from blunt force, causing bruising, crushed tissues, and a higher risk of infection, potentially leaving permanent marks.
5. Gunshot wounds: These include injuries from bullets or splinters.
Cure for the wounds: The main goal of treating wounds is to prevent infection. Proper dressing protects wounds from germs and helps them heal faster. First, gently remove or cut away clothing around the wound and clip any hair. Clean the wound thoroughly with an antiseptic like Dettol or carbolic acid, then apply an antiseptic like tincture iodine or spirit. If there are foreign objects like mud or wood splinters, carefully remove them using gauze or forceps. Deeper wounds should never be touched with bare hands. Spraying antiseptic is advisable.
In simple words: Wounds are different kinds of cuts or injuries. Incised wounds are deep cuts from sharp things. Slashed wounds are from sharp tools like axes and can hurt bones. Punctured wounds are deep holes from sharp points like nails. Contused wounds are from blunt hits, causing bruises and often getting infected. Gunshot wounds are from bullets or splinters. To treat wounds, first, stop germs. Clean the wound gently, remove clothes and hair around it. Use antiseptic liquid and then an antiseptic cream. Take out any dirt or splinters carefully. Don't touch deep wounds with bare hands.

🎯 Exam Tip: Proper wound cleaning and protection against infection are the most critical steps in first aid for any type of wound.

Additional Questions Solved

Multiple Choice Questions

 

Question 2. Which of the following is a method of artificial respiration?
(a) Thomson method
(b) Selvister method
(c) Chanlia method
(d) Powell method
Answer: (b) Selvister method
In simple words: Among the given choices, the Silvester method is a recognized technique for providing artificial respiration. This method involves specific arm movements to help a person breathe when they cannot do so on their own.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with different artificial respiration methods as they are crucial for life support in emergencies.

 

Question 3. Which of the following is NOT a part of first-aid box?
(a) Thermometer
(b) Hammer
(c) Cotton
(d) Bandage
Answer: (b) Hammer
In simple words: A hammer is not typically found in a standard first-aid box, as it is a tool for construction or repair, not for medical emergencies. Essential first-aid items include a thermometer, cotton, and bandages.

🎯 Exam Tip: A first-aid box should contain only items relevant to immediate medical care and first response.

Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. Explain how mouth to mouth respiration is done.
Answer: To perform mouth-to-mouth respiration, first, open your mouth wide and seal it firmly over the victim's mouth. Then, blow air gently into their mouth. This action helps air enter their lungs. Similarly, remove your mouth and let the victim's chest fall to allow air to come out of their lungs. Keep repeating this breathing process until the person starts to breathe on their own and regains consciousness. This helps supply oxygen to the body.
In simple words: For mouth-to-mouth breathing, open your mouth wide and cover the person's mouth tightly. Blow air into their mouth. Then, let their chest fall to let air out. Keep doing this until they wake up and breathe on their own.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure a clear airway before starting mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and maintain a steady rhythm of breaths until natural breathing resumes or medical help arrives.

Long Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. Explain the different kinds of fracture.
Answer: Fractures, or bone breaks, are categorized by the nature of the injury.
1. Simple fracture: This is a break where the bone is broken, but the skin remains intact, meaning there's no open wound.
2. Compound fracture: This occurs when the bone breaks and pierces through the skin, causing an open wound and potentially damaging blood vessels. This type has a higher risk of infection.
3. Complicated fracture: This is a severe fracture where the broken bone not only pierces the skin but also injures internal organs, blood vessels, or muscles, leading to a deep wound.
4. Comminuted fracture: This type of fracture happens when the bone shatters into many small pieces. Each type requires specific medical attention.
In simple words: There are different types of bone breaks. A simple fracture is when the bone breaks but the skin is not cut. A compound fracture is when the broken bone cuts through the skin. A complicated fracture is when the bone breaks and also harms internal organs. A comminuted fracture is when the bone breaks into many small parts.

🎯 Exam Tip: The severity and treatment of a fracture depend heavily on its type; open fractures (compound/complicated) are more critical due to infection risk.

 

Question 2. What is a sprain? Mention some symptoms and methods to cure sprain.
Answer: A sprain happens when there is a strong stretch or tear in the ligaments (which connect bones to other bones) or tendons (which connect muscles to bones) around a joint. This can occur from a sudden fall or walking on an uneven surface, causing the ligament to stretch too far. Sprains are very painful, and the injured area should not be massaged with oil because this can make it worse or even lead to bone dislocation.
Symptoms of Sprain:
1. The affected area swells up and causes pain when you try to move it.
2. Sometimes, a strong strain on the ligament or tendon can cause slight bleeding under the skin.
3. The skin around the joint may turn black or blue due to internal bleeding.
4. Even a gentle touch or small movement causes pain in the sprained part.
Methods to cure sprain:
1. Keep the sprained part at rest to avoid any jerk.
2. Give hot water fomentation to the sprained part.
3. Apply Iodex and rub it slowly on the affected part.
4. Gentle massage with mustard oil is also good.
5. Sprinkle salt on the chopped piece of lemon, heat it and keep it on the sprained part to give temporary relief from pain.
In simple words: A sprain is when a ligament or tendon around a joint gets stretched too much, often from a fall. It hurts a lot, and you should not rub it with oil. Signs of a sprain are: The area swells and hurts when you move it. Sometimes, blood leaks under the skin, and the joint turns black. Even a light touch can cause pain. To cure a sprain, rest it, use hot water packs, rub with pain cream or mustard oil, or use a warm lemon slice with salt for temporary relief.

🎯 Exam Tip: The R.I.C.E. method (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) is the immediate and most effective first aid for sprains to reduce swelling and pain.

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