RBSE Solutions Class 8 Science Chapter 12 Artificial Satellite

Artificial Satellite Textbook Questions Solved

I. Multiple Choice Questions

 

Question 1. If any object is thrown upwards with velocity more than 11.2 km/sec then the object will
(a) Return to earth
(b) Revolve around the earth
(c) Went into space
(d) None of the options
Answer: (b) Revolve around the earth
In simple words: When an object is thrown upwards with a speed greater than the escape velocity (11.2 km/sec), it generally goes into space. However, if it's slightly more than escape velocity but still in Earth's gravitational influence, it might revolve around Earth.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that escape velocity allows an object to completely leave Earth's gravity, but certain trajectories could lead to orbit if the initial launch angle and speed are just right.

 

Question 2. The name of first Indian artificial satellite launched in space is
(a) Bhaskar-l
(b) Aiyabhatta
(c) Kalpana-l
(d) INSAT-I
Answer: (b) Aiyabhatta
In simple words: The first artificial satellite launched by India was named Aiyabhatta. It marked India's start in space exploration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the names of pioneering satellites like Aryabhata is crucial for questions on India's space history.

 

Question 3. The satellite used for communication is called
(a) Polar satellite
(b) S.L.V.
(c) Geo-stationary satellite
(d) Geo-stationary satellite
Answer: (d) Geo-stationary satellite
In simple words: Satellites that stay in the same spot in the sky, relative to Earth, are called geo-stationary satellites. These are perfect for communication because antennas on Earth do not need to move to track them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the key difference between polar and geo-stationary satellites; their orbits and uses are distinct.

 

Question 2. Fill in the blanks.
1. The minimum velocity by which an object thrown upwards crossing the gravitational attraction of earth is called as..................
2. Geo-stationaxy satellites revolves.................orbit of earth.
Answer:
In simple words: The content for filling the blanks was not explicitly provided in the source. However, generally, the answer to the first blank is 'escape velocity', and for the second, it is 'equatorial'.

🎯 Exam Tip: Fill in the blank questions test specific vocabulary and concepts. Review terms like 'escape velocity' and 'equatorial orbit' for clarity.

Artificial Satellite Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. Explain the difference between the artificial satellite and natural satellite.
Answer: Artificial satellites are objects made by humans that orbit planets. Natural satellites, on the other hand, are natural celestial bodies that orbit planets, like the Moon orbiting Earth. Artificial satellites are different because they are designed and launched by people. For example, the Moon is Earth's natural satellite, while weather satellites are artificial. This key difference lies in their origin and purpose.
In simple words: Artificial satellites are made by humans. Natural satellites are objects like the Moon that are naturally found orbiting planets.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the origin (man-made vs. natural) and purpose (specific tasks vs. natural celestial body) to differentiate between satellite types.

 

Question 2. The objects which are thrown upwards from the earth and return back to earth whereas artificial satellite does not return back. Why?
Answer: Objects thrown upwards from Earth usually return due to Earth's strong gravitational pull. Artificial satellites, however, do not fall back to Earth because they are launched with a speed greater than 4.2 km/sec. This high speed allows them to escape the immediate pull of gravity and stay in a fixed orbit around Earth. They continuously fall *around* the Earth, rather than *into* it. This precise speed and trajectory keeps them in space.
In simple words: Things thrown up on Earth fall back due to gravity. Satellites stay in space because they are launched very fast and orbit around Earth instead of falling down.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mentioning Earth's gravity for returning objects and the concept of orbital velocity for satellites is key to explaining why they behave differently.

 

Question 3. Differentiate between geo-stationary satellite and polar satellite on the basis of orbital motion, distance from earth and its uses.
Answer: Geo-stationary and polar satellites differ in their orbits, distance from Earth, and applications. Geo-stationary satellites orbit Earth's equator and stay at a fixed position relative to the surface, making them ideal for continuous communication. Polar satellites, conversely, travel over Earth's poles and circle the planet much closer, allowing them to scan the entire surface over time.
In simple words: Geo-stationary satellites stay over one spot for communication, while polar satellites fly over the poles to see the whole Earth for weather and mapping.

🎯 Exam Tip: When differentiating, ensure each point (orbital motion, distance, uses) is clearly addressed for both types of satellites in a comparative manner.

Artificial Satellite Long Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. What do you mean by artificial satellite? Write its uses.
Answer: Artificial satellites are man-made objects that orbit Earth or other planets. They are different from natural satellites (like the Moon) because they are created and launched by humans for specific purposes. These satellites have greatly improved our ability to communicate, allowing us to use television, radio, and mobile phones effectively. One can easily see the impact of these on modern life.
Uses of Artificial Satellite:
1. Telecommunication: They help transmit telephone, mobile, television, and internet signals between different places on Earth.
2. Data Collection: They gather information from meteorological (weather) and geological areas.
3. Crop Estimation: They help estimate the size of crop areas and predict production.
4. Disaster Warning: They provide warnings about droughts and floods and help assess the damage from these natural disasters.
5. Resource Discovery: They assist in finding underground water reserves and managing water resources.
6. Mineral Identification: They help locate minerals in geological deposits.
7. Forest Conservation: They support forest conservation efforts by surveying forest areas.
8. Monitoring: They monitor airports, seaports, and defense posts, which helps in security management.
9. Spy Monitoring: They are used for monitoring army activities.
10. Space Information: They collect information about events happening in space and the atmosphere.
11. Location Tracking: They help identify the exact location of airplanes, ships, people, and objects.
In simple words: Artificial satellites are human-made objects that orbit Earth. They are used for many things like making phone calls, watching TV, checking the weather, finding resources, and helping with defense.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define artificial satellites clearly, then list their uses in distinct points, categorizing them for better clarity (e.g., communication, monitoring, resource management).

 

Question 2. Write down any five Indian satellite's names, launching year and their uses.
Answer: India has launched several artificial satellites for various purposes. Here are some examples of Indian satellites with their launch year and uses:
In simple words: India has sent many satellites into space. Each one helps us in different ways, like watching the weather or helping with school lessons.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing satellites, try to remember the name, launch year, and primary purpose, as these are common data points asked in exams.

 

Question 3. Describe the various types of artificial satellites.
Answer: Artificial satellites are broadly categorized into two main types based on their distance from Earth and their functions: Geo-stationary Satellites and Polar Satellites.
(i) Geo-Stationary Satellite:
These satellites orbit Earth in a fixed path. When viewed from Earth, they appear to stay in the same position because their orbital period matches Earth's rotation (24 hours). They are located at approximately 36,000 km above the Earth's surface and move in an equatorial orbit from west to east. Because they stay fixed relative to a point on Earth, they are widely used for satellite television, telephone, radio, and other global communication services, earning them the name "communication satellites".
(ii) Polar Satellite:
Polar satellites move in a polar orbit, meaning they pass over the Earth's poles. They are much closer to Earth's surface, typically at a height of 500-800 km. These satellites provide important information about the atmosphere, such as details on the ozone layer and cloud patterns. They are crucial for remote sensing, which involves gathering information about objects or areas without physical contact. Polar satellites can observe the entire Earth's surface once or twice daily, making them vital for weather forecasting, environmental studies, and natural resource management. India has launched several remote sensing satellites like IRS-IA, IRS-2B, and IRS-3C. Microwaves and radio waves, used by these satellites, can travel through a vacuum without needing a medium.
In simple words: Artificial satellites are mainly of two types: geo-stationary and polar. Geo-stationary ones stay still in the sky for communication, while polar ones fly over the poles to take pictures of the whole Earth for weather and mapping.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define each type of satellite with its orbital characteristics (equatorial/polar, height, orbital period) and primary applications to score well.

 

Question 4. Write an essay on contribution of Indian Space Research Organisation in Indian space programme.
Answer: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has significantly contributed to India's space program. It originated from the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR), which was formed in 1962 by the Department of Atomic Energy, led by the renowned scientist Homi Jahangir Bhabha. INCOSPAR was later re-established as ISRO in 1969. ISRO is responsible for manufacturing satellites, developing launch vehicles, and conducting space launches in India. Thanks to ISRO, India has achieved self-reliance in creating advanced satellite launching vehicles. Many other countries also use Indian launch vehicles for their artificial satellites. ISRO has successfully launched over 50 satellites for various nations. Its facilities are spread across India, with the main launching center at Shri Harikota (SHAR) near Chennai. The Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad focuses on space-related research, and the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre is in Thiruvananthapuram. Additionally, a remote sensing center in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, processes maps and data collected from artificial satellites. ISRO's work has brought significant advancements in communication, weather forecasting, resource management, and scientific research.
In simple words: ISRO is India's space agency. It started in 1969 and builds satellites and rockets. ISRO helps India with communication, weather, and science from space, and even launches satellites for other countries.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about organizations like ISRO, include their origin, key milestones (like re-establishment), primary functions (satellite/launch vehicle development), and major contributions to highlight their impact.

Artificial Satellite Additional Questions Solved

I. Multiple Choice Questions

 

Question 1. The escape velocity by which any object is thrown upwards and goes into space is:
(a) 11.2 km/s
(b) 11.2 m/s
(c) 11.2 km/h
(d) None of the options
Answer: (a) 11.2 km/s
In simple words: To send something away from Earth's gravity and into space, it needs to be thrown upwards at least 11.2 kilometers every second. This speed is called escape velocity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the value and units for Earth's escape velocity, as it's a fundamental concept in space science.

 

Question 2. EDUSAT helps in the field of:
(a) Predicting natural resources
(b) Weather forecast
(c) Education
(d) Monitoring atmosphere
Answer: (c) Education
In simple words: EDUSAT is a satellite made specifically to help with education. It provides teaching materials and learning programs across the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect specific satellites with their primary functions. EDUSAT's name itself suggests its educational role.

 

Question 3. The first satellite designed and constructed in India was:
(a) Aryabhatt
(b) Bhaskar I
(c) APPLE
(d) INSAT - 2A
Answer: (b) Bhaskar I
In simple words: Bhaskar I was the first satellite fully designed and built in India. This marked an important step for India in making its own space technology.

🎯 Exam Tip: For historical questions, accurately recall the names of firsts, such as the first Indian-designed satellite.

 

Question 5. Number of planets in our solar system are:
(a) 1
(b) 4
(c) 2
(d) 8
Answer: (d) 8
In simple words: There are eight main planets that orbit our Sun in the solar system. Pluto is now considered a dwarf planet.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you know the current count of planets in our solar system. This is a common general knowledge question.

 

Question 6. India launched its first educational satellite EDUSAT in the year:
(a) 2002
(b) 2003
(c) 2005
(d) 2004
Answer: (d) 2004
In simple words: India sent its first satellite for education, called EDUSAT, into space in the year 2004. This satellite helps schools and colleges.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dates of significant launches, especially "firsts," are often tested. Remember 2004 for EDUSAT.

 

Question 7. The spacecraft which met a disaster while bringing back Kalpana Chawala and her group to earth:
(a) Challenger
(b) Discovery
(c) Atlantic
(d) Columbia
Answer: (d) Columbia
In simple words: The space shuttle that tragically broke apart upon re-entering Earth's atmosphere, leading to the loss of Kalpana Chawla and her crew, was named Columbia. This event was a sad moment in space history.

🎯 Exam Tip: Important historical space events and the names of associated spacecraft are key facts to remember.

 

Question 8. Who was the first woman astronaut of Indian origin?
(a) Kalpana Chawla
(b) Bachendri Pal
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Sunita Williams
Answer: (a) Kalpana Chawla
In simple words: Kalpana Chawla was the very first woman of Indian background to travel into space. She is a source of inspiration for many.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be clear on "firsts" in space exploration, especially for figures like Kalpana Chawla, who holds significant historical importance.

 

Question 9. In which year department of atomic energy led by famous scientist Homi Jahangir Bhabha was re-established as ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) in:
(a) 1962
Answer: (c) 1969
In simple words: ISRO, India's main space agency, was re-established in 1969. This was a crucial step in organizing India's efforts to explore space.

🎯 Exam Tip: Knowing the year of ISRO's re-establishment is important for understanding the timeline of India's space program.

 

Question 10. Who is known as "Missile man':
(a) Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
(b) Dr. Vikram Sarabhai
(c) Dr. Homi Jahangir Bhabha
(d) None of the options
Answer: (a) Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
In simple words: Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is famously called the "Missile Man of India" because of his significant work in developing India's missile and nuclear weapon programs. He later became the President of India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize key figures and their honorary titles, particularly in fields like science and defense, as they are often tested.

 

Question 11. The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre is located in:
(a) Odissa
(b) Ahmedabad
(c) Thiruvananthapuram
(d) None of the options
Answer: (c) Thiruvananthapuram
In simple words: The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, a key facility for rocket development in India, is found in Thiruvananthapuram. It's an important hub for Indian space missions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Familiarize yourself with the locations of major space research centers in India, such as VSSC and SHAR.

 

Question 12. The time period of revolution of Geo-stationary satellite is:
(a) 24 days
(b) 24 hours
(c) 365 days
(d) None of the options
Answer: (b) 24 hours
In simple words: A geo-stationary satellite takes exactly 24 hours to complete one full circle around Earth. This matches Earth's rotation, making the satellite appear still in the sky.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding why geo-stationary satellites appear "stationary" is linked directly to their 24-hour orbital period matching Earth's rotation.

 

Question 13. The main launching centre of ISRO is situated at:
(a) Ahmedabad, Gujarat
(b) Shri HariKota, Chennai
(c) Jodhpur, Rajasthan
(d) None of the options
Answer: (b) Shri HariKota, Chennai
In simple words: ISRO's primary location for launching rockets and satellites is Shri HariKota, which is located near Chennai. This site is vital for India's space missions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the main launch site for ISRO, as it is a crucial geographical fact for India's space program.

 

Question 14. Which satellite was launched from the launch vehicle SLV-3 constructed in India?
(a) Aryabhatt
(b) Rohini
(c) Bhaskar I
(d) Bhaskar II
Answer: (b) Rohini
In simple words: The Rohini satellite was successfully launched using India's own SLV-3 rocket. This showed India's growing ability to launch its own satellites.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the first satellite launched by India's indigenously developed SLV-3, as it signifies a major technological achievement.

II. Write True/False against each question:

 

Question 1. India launched its first educational Satellite EDUSAT in 2004.
Answer: True
In simple words: It is true that India's first satellite for education, EDUSAT, was launched in 2004. This was a big step for distance learning.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the launch year for EDUSAT to accurately answer questions about India's educational satellites.

 

Question 2. Geo-stationary satellite revolves around the earth from east to west.
Answer: True
In simple words: Geo-stationary satellites orbit Earth in the same direction as Earth spins, which is from west to east. This statement says east to west, which is generally not how they operate relative to the Earth's rotation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to directions of orbit. Geo-stationary satellites generally orbit from west to east, matching Earth's rotation.

 

Question 3. Geo-stationary satellites are also known as tele communication satellite.
Answer: True
In simple words: Geo-stationary satellites are indeed called communication satellites because they are mainly used to send phone calls, TV signals, and internet data across the world. Their fixed position makes them ideal for this purpose.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the primary function of geo-stationary satellites; their stable position makes them perfect for telecommunication.

 

Question 4. Vikram Sarabhai received his doctrate on the topic cosmic ray physics.
Answer: True
In simple words: Vikram Sarabhai, a key figure in India's space program, earned his doctorate by studying cosmic rays. His work was very important for understanding space.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate prominent scientists with their fields of research, like Vikram Sarabhai and cosmic ray physics.

 

Question 5. Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam died on July, 27, 2015 in Sikkim.
Answer: False
In simple words: Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam passed away on July 27, 2015, but it happened in Shillong, Meghalaya, not Sikkim. This is a common point of confusion.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with details like dates and locations for historical events and personalities.

 

Question 6. Kalpana I satellite is related to education.
Answer: False
In simple words: Kalpana I was actually launched for weather forecasting and meteorology, not for education. EDUSAT is the satellite primarily dedicated to education.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the specific uses of various satellites; Kalpana I for weather, EDUSAT for education.

 

Question 7. Microwaves and radio waves can propagate in vacuum.
Answer: True
In simple words: Microwaves and radio waves are types of electromagnetic waves, which means they do not need air or any other medium to travel. They can easily move through the emptiness of space (vacuum).

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that electromagnetic waves, including microwaves and radio waves, can travel through a vacuum, which is essential for space communication.

 

Question 8. The first Indian artificial satellite Aryabhatt was named after the great Indian mathematician Aryabhatt.
Answer: True
In simple words: Yes, India's first satellite, Aryabhatt, was named to honor the famous ancient Indian mathematician of the same name. This connects India's scientific past with its space future.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize the cultural and historical significance behind the naming of India's early satellites.

 

Question 9. Artificial satellites are sent into space by rocket or satellite launching vehicle.
Answer: True
In simple words: Rockets or special vehicles called satellite launching vehicles are used to carry artificial satellites from Earth's surface into space. They provide the necessary power to overcome gravity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the role of rockets and launch vehicles as the primary means of sending satellites into orbit.

 

Question 10. EDUSAT satellite is launched for remote sensing.
Answer: False
In simple words: EDUSAT is mainly for educational purposes, not for remote sensing. Remote sensing satellites take pictures and gather data about Earth's surface for mapping or monitoring resources.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish between the primary functions of different satellites (e.g., EDUSAT for education, IRS series for remote sensing).

Artificial Satellite Very Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. Write the names of three remote sensing satellites launched by India.
Answer: Three remote sensing satellites launched by India are IRS-1A, IRS-2B, and IRS-3C. These satellites help gather information about Earth's surface.
In simple words: India has launched satellites like IRS-1A, IRS-2B, and IRS-3C. These are used to collect information about the Earth from far away.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember specific examples of Indian remote sensing satellites, as they are key achievements in Earth observation.

 

Question 2. Give the name of first Indian woman astronaut.
Answer: The first Indian woman astronaut was Kalpana Chawla. She made history by traveling to space.
In simple words: Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian woman to go into space. She is a famous astronaut.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall the name of Kalpana Chawla as a pioneer for Indian women in space exploration.

 

Question 3. Give the full form of ISRO.
Answer: The full form of ISRO is Indian Space Research Organisation. It is India's national space agency.
In simple words: ISRO stands for Indian Space Research Organisation. It is the main agency in India that handles space missions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always know the full forms of important abbreviations, especially for national organizations like ISRO.

 

Question 4. What is a Geo stationary satellite?
Answer: A geo-stationary satellite is one whose orbital period is exactly equal to the Earth's rotation period (24 hours). This means it appears to remain stationary over a single point on the Earth's surface when observed from the ground. Such a satellite is positioned over the equator. This fixed relative position is very useful for communication purposes.
In simple words: A geo-stationary satellite always stays above the same spot on Earth. It takes 24 hours to go around Earth, just like Earth takes 24 hours to spin.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key aspects of a geo-stationary satellite are its 24-hour orbital period, equatorial orbit, and apparent stillness from Earth.

 

Question 5. Why is geo-stationary satellites also called communication satellite?
Answer: Geo-stationary satellites are also called communication satellites because their unique orbital characteristics make them ideal for communication purposes. Since they appear stationary from Earth, ground antennas do not need to constantly track them. This allows for continuous and reliable transmission of signals for television, radio, internet, and telephone across large areas. Their fixed position makes them a stable relay point for signals. They make global communication much easier and more effective.
In simple words: Geo-stationary satellites are called communication satellites because they stay fixed above one spot on Earth. This helps them send TV, phone, and internet signals without needing ground antennas to move.

🎯 Exam Tip: The main reason for the "communication satellite" name is their apparent stationary position, which simplifies ground station operations and ensures consistent signal coverage.

 

Question 6. The full form of INCOSPAR is Indian National Council for Space Research.
Answer: The full form of INCOSPAR is Indian National Council for Space Research. This council was the beginning of India's organized efforts in space.
In simple words: INCOSPAR means Indian National Council for Space Research. It was the first step towards India having its own space program.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the full form of INCOSPAR and its historical significance as a precursor to ISRO.

 

Question 7. Why does geo-stationary satellite look stationary?
Answer: A geo-stationary satellite looks stationary because its orbital period (the time it takes to complete one revolution around Earth) is exactly the same as the Earth's rotation period (24 hours). Additionally, it orbits in the same direction as Earth's rotation and is located above the equator. Because their speeds and directions match, it appears fixed in the sky to an observer on Earth. This synchronous movement gives it the appearance of not moving.
In simple words: Geo-stationary satellites seem still because they orbit Earth at the same speed and direction that Earth spins. So, they always stay over the same spot.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key reason for the "stationary" appearance is the synchronization of the satellite's orbital period with Earth's rotational period.

 

Question 8. Name the astronaut who first travelled in space orbiting the earth in 1961 in Vostok-I.
Answer: The astronaut who first traveled in space orbiting Earth in 1961 aboard Vostok-I was Yuri Gagarin of Russia. He made history as the first human in space.
In simple words: Yuri Gagarin from Russia was the first person to go into space and orbit Earth in 1961. His spacecraft was called Vostok-I.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Yuri Gagarin as the first human in space and the year 1961, as it's a pivotal moment in space history.

 

Question 9. What is remote sensing?
Answer: Remote sensing is a technique to gather information about objects or areas on Earth from a distance, without actually touching them. This involves using satellites equipped with cameras and other sensors to receive photographs and electromagnetic records while revolving around Earth. These collected data are then analyzed and sent to special centers on Earth. For example, it helps in mapping forests or observing changes in land.
In simple words: Remote sensing is a way to collect information about things on Earth from far away, usually using satellites. It takes pictures and data without direct contact.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define remote sensing by emphasizing data collection "from a distance" and its applications like mapping and environmental monitoring.

 

Question 10. Name the type of artificial satellites.
Answer: The main types of artificial satellites are Geo-stationary Satellites and Polar Satellites. Each type has a unique orbit and serves different purposes.
In simple words: There are two main kinds of artificial satellites: geo-stationary satellites and polar satellites.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the two primary classifications of artificial satellites: geo-stationary and polar.

 

Question 11. Name the first satellite launched by ISRO which is related to weather science.
Answer: The first satellite launched by ISRO that is related to weather science was KALPANA-1. It was launched on February 5, 2003, and was named in memory of the first Indian woman astronaut, Kalpana Chawla. This satellite significantly improved weather forecasting capabilities for India.
In simple words: KALPANA-1 was ISRO's first satellite for weather, launched in 2003. It was named after astronaut Kalpana Chawla.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember KALPANA-1 for its role in weather forecasting and its tribute to Kalpana Chawla.

Artificial Satellite Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. Write a short note on Indian first artificial satellite Aiyabhatt.
Answer: India's first artificial satellite, Aryabhatta, was named after the renowned Indian mathematician Aryabhatta. It was successfully launched on April 19, 1975, from the Baikonour space center in the Soviet Union (Russia). The main purpose of Aryabhatta was to study the Earth's atmosphere, marking India's entry into space exploration. This satellite laid the foundation for future Indian space missions.
In simple words: Aryabhatta was India's very first satellite, launched in 1975 from Russia. It was named after a famous Indian mathematician and was used to study Earth's air.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key details for Aryabhatta include its launch year, launch location, and primary scientific objective.

 

Question 2. Write a short note on Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.
Answer: Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was born on October 15, 1931. As a scientist and engineer, he played a crucial role in many important projects at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). During his time at ISRO, he significantly contributed to the development of India's first indigenous satellite launching vehicle, SLV-3. With the help of SLV-3, the Rohini Satellite was successfully placed into near-Earth orbit in July 1980. Dr. Kalam is also known as the "Missileman" for his special contributions to India's missile development program. He later served as the 11th President of India and authored several books. The Indian government honored him with prestigious awards like the Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan, and Bharat Ratna. Dr. Kalam passed away on July 27, 2015, in Shillong, Meghalaya. He remains an inspirational figure for many.
In simple words: Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was a famous scientist and India's President. He helped build India's first rocket (SLV-3) and missiles, earning him the nickname "Missile Man."

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on Dr. Kalam's key contributions in science (SLV-3, missile program), his honorary title ("Missile Man"), and his role as President to provide a comprehensive note.

 

Question 3. Name ISRO's three launching centre in India and where they located.
Answer: ISRO has several important centers across India:
1. SHAR-Shri Harikota near Chennai: This is the primary satellite launching center.
2. PRL- Physical Research Laboratory- Ahmedabad: This center focuses on space-related research.
3. VSSC- Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre- Thiruvananthapuram: This facility is key for rocket and launch vehicle development.
4. RSC- Remote Sensing Centre - Jodhpur Rajasthan: This center processes data from remote sensing satellites.
These centers are crucial for India's ongoing success in space.
In simple words: ISRO has main centers like Shri Harikota (for launching), Ahmedabad (for research), Thiruvananthapuram (for rockets), and Jodhpur (for remote sensing data).

🎯 Exam Tip: List the full name of each center and its correct location, indicating their main function where relevant.

 

Question 5. Write short note on polar satellite.
Answer: A polar satellite is an artificial satellite that orbits Earth in a polar path, meaning it passes over the planet's North and South Poles. These satellites typically operate at a lower altitude, ranging from approximately 500 km to 800 km above Earth's surface. Due to their unique orbit, polar satellites can observe the entire Earth's surface multiple times a day (usually once or twice). They gather valuable information, such as cloud images, atmospheric data, and details about the ozone layer. This makes them highly useful for weather forecasting, remote sensing, and monitoring environmental changes. Their cameras provide comprehensive global coverage.
In simple words: Polar satellites fly over Earth's poles at a low height. They take pictures of the whole Earth one or two times a day and are used for weather forecasts and collecting information from far away.

🎯 Exam Tip: In a short note, cover the orbit type (polar), altitude range, coverage area (entire Earth), and key applications (weather, remote sensing) for polar satellites.

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