NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Mathematics: Chapter 10 गुणनखण्ड
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Practice Class 8 Mathematics Solutions: Chapter 10 गुणनखण्ड
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Question 1. निम्नलिखित के गुणनखण्ड कीजिए
(i) \( a^2 - 4 \)
(ii) \( a^2 - 49b^2 \)
(iii) \( p^3 - 121p \)
(iv) \( (a - b)^2 - c^2 \)
(v) \( a^4 - b^4 \)
(vi) \( 5x^3 - 125x \)
(vii) \( 63a^2 - 112b^2 \)
(viii) \( 9x^2y^2 - 16 \)
(ix) \( (l + m)^2 - (l - m)^2 \)
Answer:
(i) \( a^2 - 4 \)
\( a^2 - 4 = (a)^2 - (2)^2 \)
\( \implies = (a - 2) (a + 2) \)
(ii) \( a^2 - 49b^2 \)
\( a^2 - 49b^2 = (a)^2 - (7b)^2 \)
\( \implies = (a - 7b) (a + 7b) \)
(iii) \( p^3 - 121p \)
\( p^3 - 121p = p(p^2 - 121) \)
\( \implies = p\{(p^2 - (11)^2\} \)
\( \implies = p(p - 11) (p + 11) \)
(iv) \( (a - b)^2 - c^2 \)
\( (a - b)^2 - c^2 \)
\( \implies = (a - b - c) (a - b + c) \)
(v) \( a^4 - b^4 \)
\( a^4 - b^4 = (a^2)^2 - (b^2)^2 \)
\( \implies = (a^2 - b^2)(a^2 + b^2) \)
\( \implies = (a - b)(a + b)(a^2 + b^2) \)
(vi) \( 5x^3 - 125x \)
\( 5x^3 - 125x = 5x(x^2 - 25) \)
\( \implies = 5x(x^2 - 5^2) \)
\( \implies = 5x(x - 5)(x + 5) \)
(vii) \( 63a^2 - 112b^2 \)
\( 63a^2 - 112b^2 = 7(9a^2 - 16b^2) \)
\( \implies = 7\{(3a)^2 - (4b)^2\} \)
\( \implies = 7(3a - 4b) (3a + 4b) \)
(viii) \( 9x^2y^2 - 16 \)
\( 9x^2y^2 - 16 = (3xy)^2 - (4)^2 \)
\( \implies = (3xy - 4) (3xy + 4) \)
(ix) \( (l + m)^2 - (l - m)^2 \)
\( (l + m)^2 - (l - m)^2 \)
\( \implies = \{(l + m) - (l - m)\}\{(l + m) + (l - m)\} \)
\( \implies = (l + m - l + m)(l + m + l - m) \)
\( \implies = (2m)(2l) \)
\( \implies = 4lm \)
In simple words: इन सभी व्यंजकों में, हमने बीजगणित के सूत्रों जैसे \(a^2 - b^2 = (a-b)(a+b)\) का इस्तेमाल करके गुणनखंड किए हैं। हर व्यंजक को छोटे-छोटे टुकड़ों में तोड़ दिया गया है।
🎯 Exam Tip: गुणनखंड करते समय, हमेशा पहले उभयनिष्ठ गुणनखंड (common factor) की तलाश करें, जैसे कि प्रश्न (vi) में \(5x\), और फिर \(a^2 - b^2\) जैसे सूत्रों का उपयोग करें।
Question 2. निम्नलिखित के गुणनखण्ड कीजिए
(i) \( lx^2 + mx \)
(ii) \( 2x^3 + 2xy^2 + 2xz^2 \)
(iii) \( a(a + b) + 4(a + b) \)
(iv) \( (xy + y) + x + 1 \)
(v) \( 5a^2 - 15a - 6c + 2ac \)
(vi) \( am^2 + bm^2 + bn^2 + an^2 \)
Answer:
(i) \( lx^2 + mx \)
\( lx^2 + mx = x(lx + m) \)
(ii) \( 2x^3 + 2xy^2 + 2xz^2 \)
\( 2x^3 + 2xy^2 + 2xz^2 = 2x(x^2 + y^2 + z^2) \)
(iii) \( a(a + b) + 4(a + b) \)
\( a(a + b) + 4(a + b) = (a + b)(a + 4) \)
(iv) \( (xy + y) + x + 1 \)
\( (xy + y) + (x + 1) \)
\( \implies = y(x + 1) + 1(x + 1) \)
\( \implies = (x + 1)(y + 1) \)
(v) \( 5a^2 - 15a - 6c + 2ac \)
\( 5a^2 - 15a - 6c + 2ac \)
\( \implies = 5a^2 - 15a + 2ac - 6c \)
\( \implies = 5a(a - 3) + 2c(a - 3) \)
\( \implies = (a - 3)(5a + 2c) \)
(vi) \( am^2 + bm^2 + bn^2 + an^2 \)
\( am^2 + bm^2 + bn^2 + an^2 \)
\( \implies = am^2 + bm^2 + an^2 + bn^2 \)
\( \implies = m^2(a + b) + n^2(a + b) \)
\( \implies = (a + b)(m^2 + n^2) \)
In simple words: इन सभी सवालों में, हमने सबसे पहले उभयनिष्ठ गुणनखंडों को बाहर निकाला है। अगर कोई गुणनखंड सभी पदों में नहीं है, तो हमने पदों को समूहित करके उभयनिष्ठ गुणनखंड निकाले हैं, जिससे सवाल हल हो गए।
🎯 Exam Tip: जब चार पद हों, तो पदों को समूहित करने का प्रयास करें और प्रत्येक समूह से उभयनिष्ठ गुणनखंड निकालें ताकि एक नया उभयनिष्ठ गुणनखंड बन सके।
Question 3. निम्नलिखित व्यंजकों के गुणनखण्ड कीजिए
(i) \( x^2 + 5x + 6 \)
(ii) \( q^2 + 11q + 24 \)
(iii) \( m^2 - 10m + 21 \)
(iv) \( x^2 + 6x - 16 \)
(v) \( x^2 - 7x - 18 \)
(vi) \( k^2 - 11k - 102 \)
(vii) \( y^2 + 2y - 48 \).
(viii) \( d^2 - 4d - 45 \)
(ix) \( m^2 + 16m + 63 \)
(x) \( n^2 - 19n - 92 \)
(xi) \( p^2 - 10p + 16 \)
(xii) \( x^2 + 4x - 45 \)
Answer:
(i) \( x^2 + 5x + 6 \)
\( x^2 + 5x + 6 = x^2 + 2x + 3x + 6 \)
\( \implies = x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2) \)
\( \implies = (x + 2)(x + 3) \)
(ii) \( q^2 + 11q + 24 \)
\( q^2 + 11q + 24 = q^2 + 3q + 8q + 24 \)
\( \implies = q(q + 3) + 8(q + 3) \)
\( \implies = (q + 3)(q + 8) \)
(iii) \( m^2 - 10m + 21 \)
\( m^2 - 10m + 21 = m^2 - 3m - 7m + 21 \)
\( \implies = m(m - 3) - 7(m - 3) \)
\( \implies = (m - 3)(m - 7) \)
(iv) \( x^2 + 6x - 16 \)
\( x^2 + 6x - 16 = x^2 + 8x - 2x - 16 \)
\( \implies = x(x + 8) - 2(x + 8) \)
\( \implies = (x + 8)(x - 2) \)
(v) \( x^2 - 7x - 18 \)
\( x^2 - 7x - 18 = x^2 - 9x + 2x - 18 \)
\( \implies = x(x - 9) + 2(x - 9) \)
\( \implies = (x - 9)(x + 2) \)
(vi) \( k^2 - 11k - 102 \)
\( k^2 - 11k - 102 = k^2 - 17k + 6k - 102 \)
\( \implies = k(k - 17) + 6(k - 17) \)
\( \implies = (k - 17)(k + 6) \)
(vii) \( y^2 + 2y - 48 \)
\( y^2 + 2y - 48 = y^2 + 8y - 6y - 48 \)
\( \implies = y(y + 8) - 6(y + 8) \)
\( \implies = (y + 8)(y - 6) \)
(viii) \( d^2 - 4d - 45 \)
\( d^2 - 4d - 45 = d^2 - 9d + 5d - 45 \)
\( \implies = d(d - 9) + 5(d - 9) \)
\( \implies = (d - 9)(d + 5) \)
(ix) \( m^2 + 16m + 63 \)
\( m^2 + 16m + 63 = m^2 + 9m + 7m + 63 \)
\( \implies = m(m + 9) + 7(m + 9) \)
\( \implies = (m + 9)(m + 7) \)
(x) \( n^2 - 19n - 92 \)
\( n^2 - 19n - 92 = n^2 - 23n + 4n - 92 \)
\( \implies = n(n - 23) + 4(n - 23) \)
\( \implies = (n - 23)(n + 4) \)
(xi) \( p^2 - 10p + 16 \)
\( p^2 - 10p + 16 = p^2 - 8p - 2p + 16 \)
\( \implies = p(p - 8) - 2(p - 8) \)
\( \implies = (p - 8)(p - 2) \)
(xii) \( x^2 + 4x - 45 \)
\( x^2 + 4x - 45 = x^2 + 9x - 5x - 45 \)
\( \implies = x(x + 9) - 5(x + 9) \)
\( \implies = (x + 9)(x - 5) \)
In simple words: इन सभी द्विघात व्यंजकों को गुणनखंडित करने के लिए, हमने बीच वाले पद को दो ऐसे भागों में तोड़ा है जिनका गुणनफल पहले और अंतिम पद के गुणनफल के बराबर हो और योगफल बीच वाले पद के बराबर हो। फिर उभयनिष्ठ गुणनखंड लेकर इन्हें हल किया है।
🎯 Exam Tip: द्विघात व्यंजक \(ax^2 + bx + c\) का गुणनखंड करते समय, दो ऐसी संख्याएँ खोजें जिनका गुणनफल \(ac\) हो और योगफल \(b\) हो। फिर मध्य पद को उन दो संख्याओं के रूप में विभाजित करें।
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RBSE Solutions for Class 8 Mathematics Chapter 10 गुणनखण्ड
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