RBSE Solutions Class 5 Maths Chapter 3 Multiplication and Division Exercise 3.1

Question 1.
(i) 286 x 125
(ii) 677 x 212
(iii) 637 x 380
(iv) 999 × 400
(v) 777 x 222
(vi) 609 × 605
(vii) 987 x 321
(viii) 845 x 599
(ix) 988 × 514
(x) 900 × 888
Answer:
(i) 35750
(ii) We multiply 677 by 212. We can break 212 into 200 + 10 + 2.
\( \begin{array}{r} 677 \\ \times 212 \\ \hline 1354 \quad (677 \times 2) \\ 6770 \quad (677 \times 10) \\ 135400 \quad (677 \times 200) \\ \hline 143524 \end{array} \)
So, 677 multiplied by 212 gives 143524.
(iii) We multiply 637 by 380. We can break 380 into 300 + 80 + 0.
\( \begin{array}{r} 637 \\ \times 380 \\ \hline 000 \quad (637 \times 0) \\ 50960 \quad (637 \times 80) \\ 191100 \quad (637 \times 300) \\ \hline 242060 \end{array} \)
Thus, 637 multiplied by 380 gives 242060.
(iv) We multiply 999 by 400. We can break 400 into 400 + 00 + 0.
\( \begin{array}{r} 999 \\ \times 400 \\ \hline 000 \quad (999 \times 0) \\ 0000 \quad (999 \times 00) \\ 399600 \quad (999 \times 400) \\ \hline 399600 \end{array} \)
Therefore, 999 multiplied by 400 results in 399600.
(v) 172494
(vi) We multiply 609 by 605. We can break 605 into 600 + 00 + 5.
\( \begin{array}{r} 609 \\ \times 605 \\ \hline 3045 \quad (609 \times 5) \\ 0000 \quad (609 \times 00) \\ 365400 \quad (609 \times 600) \\ \hline 368445 \end{array} \)
So, 609 multiplied by 605 gives 368445.
(vii) We multiply 987 by 321. We can break 321 into 300 + 20 + 1.
\( \begin{array}{r} 987 \\ \times 321 \\ \hline 987 \quad (987 \times 1) \\ 19740 \quad (987 \times 20) \\ 296100 \quad (987 \times 300) \\ \hline 316827 \end{array} \)
Hence, 987 multiplied by 321 equals 316827.
(viii) We multiply 845 by 599. We can break 599 into 500 + 90 + 9.
\( \begin{array}{r} 845 \\ \times 599 \\ \hline 7605 \quad (845 \times 9) \\ 76050 \quad (845 \times 90) \\ 422500 \quad (845 \times 500) \\ \hline 506155 \end{array} \)
Thus, 845 multiplied by 599 gives 506155.
(ix) We multiply 988 by 514. We can break 514 into 500 + 10 + 4.
\( \begin{array}{r} 988 \\ \times 514 \\ \hline 3952 \quad (988 \times 4) \\ 9880 \quad (988 \times 10) \\ 494000 \quad (988 \times 500) \\ \hline 507832 \end{array} \)
Therefore, 988 multiplied by 514 results in 507832.
(x) We multiply 900 by 888. We can break 888 into 800 + 80 + 8.
\( \begin{array}{r} 900 \\ \times 888 \\ \hline 7200 \quad (900 \times 8) \\ 72000 \quad (900 \times 80) \\ 720000 \quad (900 \times 800) \\ \hline 799200 \end{array} \)
Hence, 900 multiplied by 888 equals 799200.
In simple words: To multiply large numbers, you can break one number into hundreds, tens, and ones. Then, multiply the other number by each part and add all the results together. This method makes big multiplications easier to handle step-by-step.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always align numbers carefully when multiplying, especially when breaking down a number into place values. A small mistake in alignment can lead to a wrong answer. Double-check your addition at the end.

Question 4. 165 students are studying in Government Higher Secondary School, Tada. A donor donates Rs 550 per student for their uniform. Find out the total donated amount.
Answer: There are 165 students in the school.
Each student receives Rs 550 for their uniform from a donor.
To find the total amount donated, we multiply the number of students by the amount per student.
Total amount donated \( = 165 \times 550 \)
\( = 90750 \)
So, the total amount donated by the donor is Rs 90750. This kind act helps many students get proper school uniforms.
In simple words: Multiply the number of students (165) by the money given for each student (Rs 550). This will tell you the total money donated.

🎯 Exam Tip: When calculating total costs or amounts, always multiply the quantity by the cost per unit. Make sure to clearly state the units (like Rs or number of students) in your answer.

Question 5. A drum contains 220 ltr oil. How much oil will 340 drums contain?
Answer: One drum holds 220 litres of oil.
We need to find out how much oil 340 such drums will hold.
To calculate the total oil, we multiply the amount of oil in one drum by the number of drums.
Total oil in 340 drums \( = 220 \times 340 \)
\( = 74800 \)
Therefore, 340 drums will contain 74800 litres of oil. This shows the large capacity of storing oil in multiple drums.
In simple words: Multiply the amount of oil in one drum (220 litres) by the number of drums (340). This gives the total oil.

🎯 Exam Tip: For problems involving multiple identical items, multiplication is the correct operation to find the total quantity. Ensure your final answer includes the correct unit, which is litres (ltr) in this case.

Question 6. Price of a single chair is Rs 678. What will be the price of 296 chairs?
Answer: The price of one chair is Rs 678.
We need to find the total price for 296 chairs.
To do this, we multiply the price of one chair by the number of chairs.
Price of 296 chairs \( = 678 \times 296 \)
We can break 296 into 200 + 90 + 6 for multiplication.
\( \begin{array}{r} 678 \\ \times 296 \\ \hline 4068 \quad (678 \times 6) \\ 61020 \quad (678 \times 90) \\ 135600 \quad (678 \times 200) \\ \hline 200688 \end{array} \)
So, the total price of 296 chairs is Rs 200688. This calculation helps understand the cost of buying items in bulk.
In simple words: Take the cost of one chair (Rs 678) and multiply it by how many chairs you want (296) to get the total cost.

🎯 Exam Tip: When solving word problems, always identify what is given and what needs to be found. For finding total cost, multiplication is key. Show your working steps clearly to avoid errors.

Question 7. How many plants will be in 213 flowerbeds, if each flowerbed has 525 plants?
Answer: Each flowerbed contains 525 plants.
There are 213 flowerbeds in total.
To find the total number of plants, we multiply the number of plants per flowerbed by the total number of flowerbeds.
Total plants in 213 flowerbeds \( = 525 \times 213 \)
We can break 213 into 200 + 10 + 3 for multiplication.
\( \begin{array}{r} 525 \\ \times 213 \\ \hline 1575 \quad (525 \times 3) \\ 5250 \quad (525 \times 10) \\ 105000 \quad (525 \times 200) \\ \hline 111825 \end{array} \)
Therefore, 213 flowerbeds will have a total of 1,11,825 plants. This shows how many plants can beautify a large area.
In simple words: Multiply the plants in one flowerbed (525) by the number of flowerbeds (213) to find the total count of all plants.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to carry over numbers correctly during multiplication and addition steps. A small error can significantly change your final plant count.

Question 8. How many balls are there in 634 boxes, if each box contains 408 balls?
Answer: Each box holds 408 balls.
There are 634 such boxes.
To find the total number of balls, we multiply the number of balls in one box by the total number of boxes.
Total balls in 634 boxes \( = 634 \times 408 \)
\( = 258672 \)
Therefore, there are 258672 balls in 634 boxes. This demonstrates how many items can be stored when organized into multiple containers.
In simple words: Multiply the balls in one box (408) by the total number of boxes (634) to find out all the balls together.

🎯 Exam Tip: When multiplying numbers, especially those with zeros in the middle (like 408), be careful with place values. A zero acts as a placeholder and needs to be handled correctly in the multiplication process.