RBSE Solutions Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Social, Economic Justice and Women Reservation

Rbse Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Text Book Questions

Rbse Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. In which part of the Constitution, provision for social and economic justice has been made?
(a) Section 1
(b) Section 2
(c) Section 3
(d) Section 4
Answer: (d) Section 4
In simple words: The Indian Constitution includes rules for social and economic fairness in its fourth section. This part aims to ensure everyone gets what they need fairly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the four parts of the Constitution for justice: social, economic, political, and cultural. Knowing which part addresses each helps in MCQs.

Question 3. Which provision has been made in the constitution for the upliftment of traditionally exploited and marginalised people?
(a) Provision of reservation
(b) Housing for all
(c) Panchayati Raj System
(d) None of the options
Answer: (a) Provision of reservation
In simple words: The Constitution helps people who have been treated unfairly for a long time by giving them reservations. This means setting aside opportunities for them to improve their lives.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on keywords like "upliftment" and "marginalised" to identify solutions like reservation policies in the Constitution.

Question 4. Which article in the constitution provides the equality of opportunities?
(a) Article 15
(b) Article 16
(c) Article 20
(d) Article 32
Answer: (b) Article 16
In simple words: Article 16 of the Constitution says that everyone should have an equal chance for jobs and other opportunities. This ensures fairness for all citizens.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between Article 15 (prohibition of discrimination) and Article 16 (equality of opportunity) as they are often confused.

Question 5. From which date was the Free and Compulsory Education Act effective?
(a) 26 January 1950
(b) 4 August 2009
(c) 1 April 2010
(d) 15 April 2015
Answer: (c) 1 April 2010
In simple words: The law that makes education free and required for children started on April 1, 2010. This was a big step to make sure all children go to school.

🎯 Exam Tip: Exact dates for important acts like the Right to Education Act are crucial for multiple-choice questions. Remember the "1st April" date.

Question 7. Which constitutional Amendment bill regarding Women Reservation is pending in the parliament?
(a) 108th
(b) 118th
(c) 43rd
(d) 74th
Answer: (a) 108th
In simple words: The 108th Amendment bill, which is about reserving seats for women in parliament, has not been passed yet. It is still waiting for approval.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with the amendment number for specific bills; small numerical differences can lead to wrong answers.

Rbse Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Mention the names of two social reformers advocating social justice.
Answer: Two important social reformers who supported social justice were Mahatma Buddha and Mahatma Gandhi. They both worked hard to make society fair for everyone.
In simple words: Mahatma Buddha and Mahatma Gandhi were two social reformers who stood for fairness in society.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for names, provide specific and relevant historical figures clearly.

Question 2. What are the main reasons of war or rebellion?
Answer: Countries that do not have social justice are more likely to have civil wars and rebellions. When people feel treated unfairly, they often fight back.
In simple words: A main reason for wars and rebellions is when there is no social justice in a country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Relate internal conflicts and instability directly to the lack of social justice for a comprehensive answer.

Question 3. What were the four Varnas of the Indian social system?
Answer: The four main groups in the old Indian social system were Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra. These groups divided people based on their work and roles.
In simple words: The four Varnas in India's old social system were Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the four Varnas clearly and in the correct traditional order when asked about the ancient Indian social system.

Question 6. What percentage of posts in the Panchayati Raj Institutions is reserved for women?
Answer: In Panchayati Raj Institutions, 33% (or one-third) of the posts are kept reserved for women. This helps women take part in local governance.
In simple words: One-third or 33% of positions in local village councils (Panchayati Raj) are set aside for women.

🎯 Exam Tip: Providing the exact percentage or fraction is important for questions asking for numerical data related to reservations.

Rbse Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Write the meaning/concept of social justice.
Answer: Social justice means creating fairness, unity, and human rights for everyone in society without any discrimination. No one should be treated unfairly because of their social group, religion, or culture. It also means that all members of society should be able to grow and develop according to their abilities. This concept ensures that everyone has equal respect and opportunities.
In simple words: Social justice means treating everyone equally and fairly, without showing bias based on their social group, religion, or culture, so all can develop fully.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define social justice by highlighting key aspects: equality, unity, human rights, and non-discrimination, along with the idea of equal development opportunities.

Question 2. Why has the provisions of reservation in the constitution been made on the basis of the caste system?
Answer: Social justice aims to bring equality, unity, and human rights to all in society, without any discrimination. However, traditional Indian society was unfair, with the caste system and community divisions creating big problems for achieving social justice. For centuries, social reformers like Mahatma Buddha and Mahatma Gandhi worked for fairness in India. After independence, the people who wrote the Constitution made social justice a top priority. They believed that simply giving a "right to equality" would not be enough to help those who had been oppressed for many years. So, to improve their lives and protect their interests, scheduled castes and tribes were given reservations in government jobs and in law-making bodies. This was done to correct historical injustices and ensure their proper representation in society.
In simple words: Reservations based on caste were made to correct old injustices and give fair chances to scheduled castes and tribes. This was done because traditional society was unequal, and just saying "everyone is equal" was not enough to help those who had been oppressed for centuries.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that reservations are a corrective measure for historical discrimination, not just a preference, and link them to the broader goal of social justice and representation.

Rbse Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Long Answer Type Question

Question 1. "Establishment of the concept of social justice is possible only in the social structure based on equality." Do you agree with this statement ? Explain the whole concept.
Answer: Yes, it is true that social justice can only exist in a society built on equality. The idea of social justice comes from the strong desire to treat everyone equally. No person should face unfair treatment because of their social group, religion, or cultural beliefs. Such discrimination is a form of injustice. If any part of society faces discrimination, true social justice cannot be achieved. Social justice means putting rules and laws into practice based on fairness. It is a system that protects everyone's freedom, equality, and rights. The traditional Indian society was very unfair, with casteism and community divisions being big problems for social justice. The lack of social justice meant that India could not remain united and strong. For many centuries, people fought for social justice, and many reformers worked to establish it. Countries without social justice are more likely to face civil wars and rebellions. Good leaders have always made social justice a part of their policies. Our society used to be based on the Varna System, which included Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra. Over time, this system became corrupt and turned into the caste system. This led to inequality, separation, regionalism, and a harmful "upper" and "lower" caste mindset, which benefited only a few.
In simple words: Social justice needs a society where everyone is equal. If there's discrimination based on caste, religion, or culture, true justice can't exist. Historically, India faced challenges with the Varna and caste systems, which caused inequality and conflict, showing that fairness is key for a united and stable society.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing social justice, clearly state your agreement with the statement. Then, explain the concept by linking it to equality, non-discrimination, and historical context like the Varna system, emphasizing its importance for national unity.

Question 2. Evaluate the provisions of welfare state provided in the Indian constitution favouring the establishment of social justice.
Answer: The Indian Constitution has many rules to make India a welfare state and ensure social justice. Some key provisions are:
Article 16: This article ensures that all citizens have an equal chance to get jobs in the state. This means no one is left out based on unfair reasons.
Article 19(1)6: This article gives every citizen the right to choose any job, livelihood, or business. It allows people to work freely and earn a living.
Article 39: This article has very important rules for the state's policy, aiming to ensure that:
1. All citizens, both men and women, have the right to enough ways to earn a living.
2. The country's physical wealth and its ownership are shared in a way that benefits everyone in the community.
3. The economy is managed so that wealth, resources, and ways of production are not controlled by only a few people.
4. Men and women get the same pay for doing the same work.
5. The health and strength of working men and women, and the young age of children, are not misused. Also, children are not forced to do jobs that are too hard for their age or strength, especially due to economic needs.
Article 39 (a) and 39 (b): These articles also focus on economic justice. The government removed systems like Zamindari (landlord system) and Privy Purse (special payments to former Indian kings) to help establish economic fairness.
Besides these constitutional rules, India's Five-Year Plans have also tried hard to achieve economic justice. Even with these efforts for social and economic justice, there is still a big gap between rich and poor in India. More work is needed to solve this problem.
In simple words: The Indian Constitution helps build a fair society by ensuring equal job opportunities (Article 16), freedom to work (Article 19), and fair distribution of wealth (Article 39). It also ensures equal pay for equal work and protects workers and children. Efforts like ending the Zamindari system also aimed for fairness, though economic differences still remain.

🎯 Exam Tip: When evaluating provisions, list specific articles (e.g., Article 16, 19, 39) and explain how each contributes to social and economic justice. Use clear, bulleted points for Article 39's principles.

Question 3. Write an essay on the present status and future of woman reservation.
Answer: Indian society has traditionally been patriarchal, meaning men have held more power. Because of this, women's progress in India has not been as good as it could have been. Over the last 70 years, there has been clear progress in women's education. However, Indian women still struggle to get enough opportunities for jobs, starting businesses, or participating in politics. Unless women achieve social, economic, and political equality with men, neither the country nor women themselves can truly progress. Therefore, it is important to give women all necessary facilities in every field so they can be equal to men in power and abilities. Currently, many states have reserved government jobs for women. The Indian Army, Air Force, and Navy are now hiring women for short service commissions. While the number of women in other government jobs is growing, their overall share in employment compared to men is still very low.
Women Reservation in Panchayati Raj Institutions:
Through the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments, one-third of seats in all Panchayati Raj Institutions are reserved for women. This helps women develop properly and actively participate in local self-governance. This provision has greatly increased women's involvement in Panchayati Raj Institutions. It has not only empowered women socially and politically but has also enabled them to play a key role in local development. Many elected women have been active in Gram Sabhas and Panchayats. Due to these reservations, women's participation in Panchayati Raj Institutions has now exceeded 42.3%.
This reservation also helps remove social barriers, allowing women to contribute fully to politics and society, ensuring their social, political, and economic rights. Increasing women's participation through reservation in the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha would be a positive step for Indian democracy, strengthening the process of democratisation. For this, there have been ongoing demands and efforts. For example, the Women Reservation Bill was introduced several times (in 1996, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2008, 2010, 2016), but it is still pending due to political disagreements, demands for caste reservations within the bill, and other vested interests.
In simple words: Women's reservation aims to fix the historical gender imbalance in India. While education has improved, women still lack equal opportunities in many fields. In local governance (Panchayati Raj), 33% of seats are reserved for women, boosting their participation and empowerment. However, a similar bill for national parliament seats is still pending due to political challenges.

🎯 Exam Tip: Structure your essay by first discussing the historical context, then current status (e.g., Panchayati Raj success), and finally, future challenges (e.g., pending bills) for a complete overview.

Rbse Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Other Important Questions

Rbse Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. Which of the following is mentioned in the Preamble of Indian Constitution?
(a) Social justice
(b) Political justice
(c) Economic Justice
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options
In simple words: The Preamble of the Indian Constitution talks about ensuring social, political, and economic justice for everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: The Preamble is foundational. Memorize the key ideals it sets out, especially the types of justice it promises.

Question 2. Which of the following is the means to attain social justice?
(a) Right to equality
(b) Right to freedom
(c) Religious right
(d) Right to property
Answer: (a) Right to equality
In simple words: The most important way to achieve social justice is through the right to equality. This means ensuring everyone is treated fairly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that while all fundamental rights are important, the Right to Equality directly addresses the core principle of social justice.

Question 4. In Which article of Indian constitution all people are considered equal before the law?
(a) Article 14
(b) Article 15
(c) Article 16
(d) Article 17
Answer: (a) Article 14
In simple words: Article 14 of the Indian Constitution states that everyone is equal in the eyes of the law. This means the law applies to everyone in the same way.

🎯 Exam Tip: Article 14 is a cornerstone of the Right to Equality, ensuring legal equality for all citizens. Remember its significance.

Question 5. Under which article of Indian constitution has been banned legally?
(a) Article 16
(b) Article 17
(c) Article 18
(d) Article 19
Answer: (b) Article 17
In simple words: Article 17 of the Indian Constitution makes the practice of untouchability illegal. This was a big step towards social fairness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Article 17 is crucial for understanding social justice, as it directly addresses a historical social evil. Know its specific prohibition.

Question 6. Who of the following is the main social reformer?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Mahali swami
(c) Kabir
(d) All of the options
Answer: (d) All of the options
In simple words: Mahatma Gandhi, Mahali Swami, and Kabir were all important people who worked to improve society and bring about social justice.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize that social reform movements often involve multiple leaders across different eras and philosophies.

Rbse Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 2. What is the meaning of social justice?
Answer: Social justice means establishing equality, unity, and human rights among all members of society. It ensures that no one faces discrimination based on their religion, caste, race, or place of birth. It aims for fairness in all aspects of life.
In simple words: Social justice means treating everyone equally, fairly, and with respect, making sure there is no discrimination in society.

🎯 Exam Tip: A concise definition of social justice should include the core elements: equality, human rights, and non-discrimination.

Question 3. Name any two framers of Indian constitution.
Answer: Two important people who helped create the Indian Constitution were Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar and Dr. Rajendra Prasad. They played key roles in shaping the country's laws.
In simple words: Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar and Dr. Rajendra Prasad were key figures in writing India's Constitution.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the names of prominent members of the Constituent Assembly, especially those who chaired committees or were highly influential.

Question 4. What provisions have been made by the framers of constitution to provide equal status to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes?
Answer: The people who drafted the Indian Constitution made provisions for reservation in government jobs and in the legislature (law-making bodies) for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. This was done to give them equal status and help them overcome historical disadvantages.
In simple words: The Constitution includes reservations for Scheduled Castes and Tribes in jobs and legislative bodies to ensure they get equal opportunities and status.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize that reservations are a deliberate constitutional measure to uplift disadvantaged groups and integrate them into the mainstream.

Question 5. Under which part of Indian constitution, Fundamental Rights are mentioned?
Answer: Fundamental Rights are mentioned in Part 3 of the Indian Constitution. This part lists the basic rights that all citizens have.
In simple words: Fundamental Rights are found in Part 3 of the Indian Constitution.

🎯 Exam Tip: It is essential to remember the specific parts of the Constitution that deal with major topics like Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles.

Question 6. What provision has been made in Article 15 of Indian constitution?
Answer: Article 15 of the Indian Constitution prohibits any kind of discrimination against citizens. It states that no one can be treated unfairly based on their religion, ethnicity, caste, race, or place of birth. This ensures equal treatment for all.
In simple words: Article 15 of the Constitution bans discrimination against anyone based on their religion, caste, race, or birthplace, ensuring everyone is treated equally.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the specific grounds of discrimination prohibited by Article 15 to show thorough understanding.

Question 8. When was 86th amendment of the constitution implemented?
Answer: The 86th constitutional amendment was put into effect on April 1, 2010. This amendment made elementary education a fundamental right.
In simple words: The 86th constitutional amendment became active on April 1, 2010.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific date of implementation for significant constitutional amendments, as they are often tested.

Question 9. What has been the concept of Marxist political thinkers regarding the economic condition of society?
Answer: Marxist political thinkers, analyzing history through the lens of economic materialism, believed that in every era, society is divided into two main groups based on economic status: the exploiter (the rich) and the exploited (the poor). They thought that wealth and power imbalances create these divisions.
In simple words: Marxist thinkers believed that in every time period, society is split into two groups: the rich who exploit, and the poor who are exploited, based on their money and power.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing Marxist views, highlight the concept of class division (exploiter vs. exploited) and economic materialism as central ideas.

Question 10. What has been the impact of continuously increasing economic disparity in India?
Answer: The growing economic inequality in India has led to several serious problems. It has fueled trends like the Naxal movement, increased corruption, the criminalization of politics, smuggling, and terrorism. These issues pose significant challenges to the unity and integrity of India, making the country less stable.
In simple words: Rising economic differences in India have caused problems like the Naxal movement, corruption, and terrorism, threatening the country's unity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect economic disparity to its direct social and political consequences, such as unrest and crime, for a comprehensive answer.

Question 11. Whose statement is this, “Nobody can attain true freedom without economic security and economic freedom.”
Answer: This statement was made by American President Franklin Roosevelt. He believed that real freedom requires both financial stability and the ability to make one's own economic choices.
In simple words: American President Franklin Roosevelt said that true freedom needs both money security and economic independence.

🎯 Exam Tip: For quotes, accurately attribute the statement to the correct personality and mention their role if relevant.

Question 12. Which article of Indian constitution are related to the directive principles of state policy?
Answer: Part 4 of the Indian Constitution, which includes articles from 36 to 51, deals with the Directive Principles of State Policy. These principles guide the government in making laws for the welfare of the people.
In simple words: Articles 36 to 51 in Part 4 of the Indian Constitution contain the Directive Principles, which tell the government how to work for public good.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state both the Part number and the article range when asked about the location of specific constitutional provisions.

Question 13. What was the reason of abolishing Jamindari system and Privy Purse system of Indian kings?
Answer: The main reason for getting rid of the Zamindari system (landlord system) and the Privy Purse system (special payments to former Indian kings) was to establish economic justice in India. These systems created inequality, and removing them helped to ensure fairer distribution of wealth and resources.
In simple words: The Zamindari and Privy Purse systems were ended to bring economic justice to India, as they caused unfairness and inequality.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link the abolition of these historical systems directly to the goal of economic justice and reducing inequality.

Question 15. By Which constitutional amendments, women have been given reservation in the Panchayati Raj Institutions?
Answer: Women were given reservation in the Panchayati Raj Institutions through the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments in India. These amendments helped ensure women's participation in local self-government.
In simple words: The 73rd and 74th amendments to the Constitution gave women reservations in Panchayati Raj Institutions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the specific constitutional amendments (73rd and 74th) that empowered women in local governance.

Rbse Class 12 Political Science Chapter 16 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Which states usually experience slippery hold (unstability) on the power?
Answer: Countries that lack social justice cannot maintain unity and strength. Because of casteism, separatism, regionalism, and other social inequalities, foreign invaders and later the British were able to conquer India by using a "divide and rule" policy. States that do not have social justice often face unstable power. In other words, such states are more likely to have civil wars and rebellions. Good leaders have always made social justice a part of their policies. On the other hand, rulers and governments that acted against social justice have always had a weak grip on power.
In simple words: Countries without social justice, where there's inequality and division, often have unstable governments and face civil unrest or rebellion. Rulers who ignore social justice tend to lose power easily.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the instability of power directly to the absence of social justice and the presence of internal divisions like casteism and regionalism.

Question 2. What provisions have been made in Indian constitution for establishing social justice?
Answer: To achieve social justice, a society based on equality is essential. Without social justice, the development of citizens and the unity of a nation are impossible. Social justice is crucial for democracy to work. That's why the makers of our Constitution prioritized making proper provisions for social justice. They included the following:
1. Social, economic, and political justice are mentioned in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution.
2. The Right to Equality is included in Fundamental Rights.
3. To improve the lives and protect the interests of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, reservations have been provided for them in government jobs and legislative bodies, to ensure necessary equality.
In simple words: The Indian Constitution promotes social justice through its Preamble (mentioning social, economic, political justice), Fundamental Rights (like the Right to Equality), and reservations for Scheduled Castes and Tribes in jobs and laws. These steps aim to create an equal and fair society.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the three main pillars: Preamble, Fundamental Rights, and Reservations, as constitutional mechanisms for social justice. Clearly state the purpose of each.

Question 3. What is the practical aspect of social justice in India?
Answer: Even though the Indian Constitution has many rules for social justice, a part of society still lacks basic facilities. Provisions for reserving opportunities for disadvantaged people exist, but only a limited number actually benefit. This is because, over the last 70 years, an elite group has emerged from socially backward classes. They have repeatedly used reservations (in government jobs and politics) to secure their own positions within these communities, leaving many others behind. People from the same families have repeatedly benefited, preventing others from getting these advantages. Only a few educated and skilled individuals from villages have been able to use these benefits. Even scheduled tribes who are disconnected from society and the mainstream have only received partial benefits from reservations. Indian party politics has weakened social justice by promoting vote bank politics. Even after laws were put in place, the help given to disadvantaged groups often felt like mercy or sympathy rather than a right to equality. This situation is very unfortunate.
In simple words: In reality, social justice in India faces challenges. While there are reservation policies for disadvantaged groups, only a few influential families have repeatedly benefited, creating an elite class within them. This situation, combined with vote-bank politics, means that support for the underprivileged often feels like charity instead of a deserved right, which is a sad fact.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the implementation challenges of social justice, such as the emergence of an "elite group" within beneficiaries and the impact of vote bank politics, rather than just stating the theoretical provisions.

Question 4. "Economic justice means all the people of a society are able to get at least the minimum necessities of life”. Explain. Or Explain the meaning of economic justice.
Answer: Money and property have always been very important in society. They play a big role in gaining power and a higher status. Everyone tries to increase their wealth and property. If the resources of economic power (wealth and property) are not shared fairly in a society, it leads to economic injustice or inequality. Economic justice means that economic resources and wealth are distributed fairly in society. This ensures that everyone can live a respectful life with at least the basic needs met, rather than having a few people control most of the wealth.
In simple words: Economic justice means that everyone in society can get basic necessities and live a dignified life. It also means that money and resources are shared fairly, not controlled by just a few rich people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define economic justice by emphasizing both the provision of basic necessities and the equitable distribution of wealth and resources, contrasting it with economic inequality.

Question 5. What has been said in the constitution of India about economic justice? Or What provisions have been made in the constitution to make the aspect of economic justice practically successful?
Answer: The Indian Constitution includes many provisions to achieve and successfully implement economic justice. It aims to ensure that everyone has a fair chance to thrive. Here are some key points:
According to **Article 16**, all citizens should have equal opportunities for employment in government jobs. This means fair access to jobs for everyone.
**Article 19(1)6** ensures that all citizens have the right to pursue any occupation, livelihood, or business. This promotes economic freedom and choice.
**Article 39** contains the most significant provisions, directing the state to formulate policies that ensure:
1. All citizens, regardless of gender, have the right to adequate means of earning a living.
2. The ownership and control of material resources are distributed to serve the common good.
3. The economic system prevents the concentration of wealth and means of production in a few hands. This helps avoid monopolies and ensures broader distribution of resources.
4. Men and women receive equal pay for equal work, promoting gender equity in the workplace.
In simple words: The Indian Constitution ensures economic justice through articles like Article 16 (equal job opportunities), Article 19 (freedom to work), and Article 39. Article 39 specifically directs the state to ensure everyone can earn a living, resources are distributed fairly, wealth is not concentrated, and men and women get equal pay.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing constitutional provisions, cite specific articles and briefly explain how each contributes to economic justice. Emphasize the role of the state in implementing these directives.

Question 6. What provisions have been made in India to establish economic justice?
Answer: Since India gained independence, the condition of the poor has improved, but the gap between the rich and the poor continues to grow. To establish economic justice, the Indian government has made the following provisions:
1. To reduce economic differences between people.
2. To ban the right to unlimited property, ensuring wealth is not hoarded.
3. To provide economic security to its citizens by offering employment opportunities to everyone.
4. To ensure fair distribution of wealth and resources in society.
5. To create new plans and policies specifically for the welfare of poor people.
6. To establish an effective tax system and improve it to collect revenue fairly.
7. To make provisions for reservation based on income rather than caste, to help those who are economically weak.
In simple words: To achieve economic justice, India has focused on reducing wealth gaps, limiting property ownership, providing jobs, fairly distributing wealth, creating welfare plans for the poor, improving tax systems, and considering income-based reservations.

🎯 Exam Tip: List a variety of measures (legal, policy, and social) that India has adopted to address economic justice, showing a comprehensive understanding of the government's approach.

Question 1. What is the ground reality of economic justice in India?
Answer: India has continuously worked to end economic inequality and achieve economic justice. Many rules in the Constitution, like Article 39, help make economic justice real. The Directive Principles of State Policy also support this goal. Old systems such as Zamindari (landlord system) and Privy Purse (payments to former kings) were removed to help establish economic fairness. One of the main goals is to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor.
Because of these efforts, India has shown good economic growth. For instance, in the financial year 2015-16, India's economy grew by 7%, which was higher than China's 6.5%.
Demonetisation means when a government legally stops certain old currency notes from being used. In India, the last demonetisation happened on November 8, 2016, for Rs 500 and Rs 1000 banknotes. The government stated this was to stop black marketing, smuggling, fake currency, and funding for illegal activities and terrorism. After this strong action, India's growth rate was expected to be around 8-9% in the following years.
Despite the increasing growth rate, problems caused by economic differences still exist. True economic justice will only happen when the benefits of this growth reach all parts of society. Many people in rural areas still lack digital facilities. The benefits of technology and the internet have not yet reached them. This difference in digital access between villages and cities is known as the 'digital divide'.
Programs like 'Make in India' are designed to bring cities and villages to the same level of development and help overcome corruption. Also, 'Start-up India' is expected to bring big changes through online businesses (e-commerce), which will indirectly help the poor.
In simple words: India has made many efforts to bring economic fairness, using laws like Article 39 and removing old systems. The country has seen good economic growth, like after the demonetisation of Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes. However, there are still big differences between rich and poor, and many rural areas lack digital access, creating a 'digital divide'. Schemes like 'Make in India' and 'Start-up India' aim to fix these issues and help everyone equally.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing about economic justice, remember to discuss both constitutional provisions and specific government schemes or policies that aim to reduce inequality, along with their actual impact and challenges.