RBSE Solutions Class 12 Political Science Chapter 15 New Social Movements

 

Question 1. An example of Reformative Movement is :
(a) Naxalite Movement
(b) Save Daughter Movement
(c) Bodo Movement
(d) Cauvery water dispute
Answer: (b) Save Daughter Movement
In simple words: A reformative movement tries to change specific parts of society, not the whole system. The "Save Daughter Movement" works to change mindsets and practices related to girls, which is an example of this.

🎯 Exam Tip: Reformative movements aim for gradual changes within a system, while revolutionary movements seek complete overhaul. Remember to identify the scope of change when classifying movements.

 

Question 3. Banvasi Kalyan Parishad is :
(a) Government Department
(b) Non-governmental Organization
(c) Organization saving trees
(d) People living in the forest
Answer: (b) Non-governmental Organization
In simple words: The Banvasi Kalyan Parishad is a private group that works to help people, it is not run by the government.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the difference between governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) – NGOs operate independently to serve specific causes.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 15 Very Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. Mention the name of any Labour union.
Answer: Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh.
In simple words: The Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh is a group that works to help laborers.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for examples, recall commonly known organizations or movements related to the topic.

 

Question 2. To what is Narmada Bachao Andolan related?
Answer: This movement is related to saving the Narmada river. It is closely linked to the leader of this movement, Medha Patkar.
In simple words: This movement is about protecting the Narmada river, and Medha Patkar is a key person in it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect movements with their primary goals and important leaders to recall information easily.

 

Question 3. In which state is the Shetkari Sanghatana active?
Answer: Shetkari Sanghatana is active in Maharashtra.
In simple words: The Shetkari Sanghatana, a farmers' group, mostly works in the state of Maharashtra.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to link specific organizations or movements with their geographical location or primary area of operation.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 15 Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 2. Collect the information about any two Feminist Movements.
Answer: After India gained independence, from 1950 to 1970, many women's groups were formed across the country. Here are two feminist movements:
i. **Hindu Code Bill-Feminist Movement:** In the 1950s, feminist members started a debate about the Hindu Code Bill. The government then formed a committee that made suggestions for the Bill. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar also supported the feminists. However, due to strong opposition from the Congress party, the Bill was finally passed in 1956.
ii. **Anti-Tari (Alcohol) Movement:** This movement began in 1990 by women in Dubargunta village of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh. It was a very unique and important feminist social movement. The movement created a stir in the state when women attacked government jeeps bringing alcohol into their village. Poor families were spending too much money on alcohol, more than they earned. This led to more violence against women, hunger in families, and lack of education for children. Because of this, educated women decided to fight against alcohol. News of this spread, and women from around 5,000 villages joined. The movement slowly spread across the entire state and opposed wine contractors and the government.
In simple words: After independence, women started movements. One was about the Hindu Code Bill to change laws for women. Another was the Anti-Tari movement where women fought against alcohol sales because it caused problems for their families.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing movements, mention their primary goal, key events, and the impact they had on society.

 

Question 3. Write the names of two movements carried out against development projects.
Answer: Two movements started against development projects are as follows-
i. **Save Narmada Movement:** This is a social movement that opposes the many large dams being built across the Narmada river. The river flows through Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra. The Sardar Sarovar dam in Gujarat, one of the biggest dams on the river, was a main focus of this movement. Scientists, environmental activists, and the local people strongly opposed this project. They launched a movement to protect special flowers, plants, and the centuries-old natural balance of the Western Ghats. Finally, the government had to postpone the project and declared the area a 'Reserved Forest Area'.
ii. **Human Rights Movement:** All human beings have some rights from birth. But sadly, today human rights are openly ignored all over the world. Violence against people is increasing both within India and internationally. The Human Rights Protection Act was passed in India in 1993.
In simple words: Two movements against big projects are the Save Narmada Movement, which fought against dam construction, and the Human Rights Movement, which works to protect people's basic rights.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on movements that directly challenge large-scale projects and understand their underlying reasons for opposition.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 15 Long Answer Type Question

 

Question 1. Write an analytical essay on the nature and types of new social movements in India.
Answer: **Nature of new social movements:** New social movements, instead of pushing for specific changes in public policy, focus on bringing social changes in identity, lifestyle, and culture. They view the social aspect as more important than economic or political aspects. These movements include issues that were ignored by earlier social movements. These new movements often oppose injustice. The goal of these movements is to work for the collective welfare of everyone, not just a specific section. In India, these movements began in the 1960s.
**Types of new social movements:**
i. **Environment Conservation Movement:** In India, the environmental movement started in 1973 along with the Chipko Movement. Many international meetings have been organized worldwide regarding the environment. In India, women and poor people actively participate in the environmental movement. The Save Narmada Movement is also an environmental movement. The Appiko Movement was launched in Karnataka to stop deforestation.
ii. **Human Rights Movement:** Human beings have some fundamental rights from their birth. However, it is very sad that today human rights are openly ignored all over the world. Violence against humans is increasing at both national and international levels. The Human Rights Protection Act was passed in 1993.
iii. **Women Empowerment Movement:** After India's independence, many organizations raised women's issues. In India, which has historically been a patriarchal society,
iv. **Peasant Movement:** These types of movements started after 1991. Their main goal is to protect and promote the rights of farmers. Organizations like Bharatiya Kisan Sangh, Bharatiya Kisan Union, and Shetkari Sanghatana are working towards protecting farmers' rights.
v. **Labour Movement:** These movements are run to protect the benefits of laborers and workers in various services. Organizations like Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh and Swadeshi Jagaran Manch are making efforts in this direction.
vi. **Movements against Development Hazards:** Although development is an important and ongoing process, it has also created some hazardous outcomes. These include displacement of people due to the construction of dams on rivers or other projects, environmental damage, and disputes over river water. Therefore, various movements have been launched to draw the government's attention to these problems.
In simple words: New social movements in India focus on changing how people live and think, not just on rules. They care about everyone's well-being and started around the 1960s. Types include groups protecting the environment (like Chipko), groups fighting for human rights, groups helping women gain power, farmers' rights movements, labor movements, and groups opposing harmful effects of big development projects.

🎯 Exam Tip: For analytical essays, always break down the topic into different sections (e.g., nature, types, impact) and provide specific examples for each point.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 15 Other Important Questions

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 15 Multiple Choice Questions

 

Question 1. When were social movements started?
(a) in the decade of 1950
(b) in the decade of 1930
(c) in the decade of 1960
(d) in the decade of 1970
Answer: (c) in the decade of 1960
In simple words: New social movements in India generally began in the 1960s.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to dates and time periods mentioned for the origin of movements, as these are often key factual points.

 

Question 4. Which is related to the movement against developmental hazards?
(a) Save Narmada Movement
(b) Beti Bachao Andolan
(c) Kaveri Water Dispute
(d) Reformative Movement
Answer: (a) Save Narmada Movement
In simple words: The "Save Narmada Movement" is an example of a group that fights against problems caused by big development projects like dams.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand which movements are associated with specific issues, such as environmental protection or resistance to large projects.

 

Question 5. In India, example of Alternative Movement is :
(a) Naxalite Movement
(b) Beti Bachao Andolan
(c) Kaveri Water Dispute
(d) Feminist Movement
Answer: (d) Feminist Movement
In simple words: An Alternative Movement tries to change a specific part of society. The Feminist Movement, which works for women's rights, is an example of this.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the various types of social movements and identify key examples for each category.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 15 Very Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. Define social movement
Answer: A social movement is a large group of people who come together to either promote or stop some social change. Their objective is to fix social problems or bring about social reform.
In simple words: A social movement is when many people work together to change something in society or solve a problem.

🎯 Exam Tip: Start definitions with clear, concise language and then expand on the purpose or characteristics.

 

Question 3. Is the concept of 'social movement' and a 'welfare state' opposite to each other?
Answer: No, the concepts of 'social movement' and a 'welfare state' are not opposite; instead, they complement each other. In fact, a social movement acts as a non-traditional but active partner in a democratic process, helping the state's efforts towards public welfare.
In simple words: No, social movements and a welfare state are not against each other. They work together. Social movements actually help the government in a democracy to improve public welfare.

🎯 Exam Tip: For 'yes/no' questions, always state your answer clearly first and then provide a brief explanation to support it.

 

Question 4. Classify the social movements.
Answer: Social movements can be divided into four main types:
1. Revolutionary movements
2. Reformative movements
3. Corrective movements
4. Alternative movements
In simple words: Social movements are sorted into four types: revolutionary (big changes), reformative (small changes), corrective (fixing things), and alternative (new ways of living).

🎯 Exam Tip: When classifying, present the categories clearly, preferably as a numbered or bulleted list for easy understanding.

 

Question 5. Mention any two features of Revolutionary movements.
Answer: Two features of Revolutionary movements are as follows:
1. These social movements support big, quick changes in existing social rules and systems.
2. These movements can sometimes use violence.
In simple words: Revolutionary movements want fast, big changes in society. Sometimes, they might even become violent to achieve their goals.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing features, keep each point distinct and use simple language to describe its characteristic.

 

Question 6. Mention any one difference between Revolutionary and Reformative movements.
Answer: Revolutionary movements want complete, quick changes in social rules and systems. In contrast, Reformative movements aim for gradual (slow and steady) changes to fix social problems and unfairness.
In simple words: Revolutionary movements want big, sudden changes in society, but reformative movements want slow, step-by-step changes to improve things.

🎯 Exam Tip: When comparing, highlight one clear contrasting point between the two concepts for a concise answer.

 

Question 8. When was new social movement commenced?
Answer: New social movements started in the 1960s.
In simple words: The newer social movements began in India during the 1960s.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember key decades or periods for the start of major social phenomena.

 

Question 9. Where was new social movement started first of all?
Answer: New social movements first appeared in Western industrial countries. They arose there because of problems related to post-industrial society, post-materialistic values, and modern changes.
In simple words: New social movements first started in Western industrial countries. They came from new problems in those modern societies.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the global origins of concepts, even when discussing their impact within a specific country.

 

Question 10. What has been the impact of social movement on civil society?
Answer: Social movements have strengthened the idea of civil society in modern states.
In simple words: Social movements have made the idea of a "civil society" (where people work together outside government) stronger in countries today.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the broader implications and influence of social movements on democratic structures.

 

Question 11. What is the difference between the organization of leftist ideology and the organization of other ideology?
Answer: Organizations with a leftist ideology question the government's authority and administrative rights. On the other hand, organizations with other ideologies, like Banvasi Kalyan Parishad, help the government's work at the social level without challenging its power.
In simple words: Leftist groups challenge the government's power, while other groups, like Banvasi Kalyan Parishad, support the government's social work without challenging it.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing political ideologies, identify their core stance regarding government authority and societal change.

 

Question 13. When were new peasant movements started? What was their main objective?
Answer: New peasant movements began after 1991. Their main goal was to protect the interests of farmers during the open market system of globalization and privatization.
In simple words: New farmer movements started after 1991. They aimed to protect farmers' interests during new economic changes like globalization.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the timeline and economic context that often drive the emergence of new social movements.

 

Question 14. Name any three farmers organizations related to new peasants (farmers) movement
Answer: Three farmers' organizations linked to new peasant movements are:
1. Bharatiya Kisan Singh
2. Bharatiya Kisan Union, and
3. Shetkari Sangathana
In simple words: Three farmer groups involved in new farmer movements are Bharatiya Kisan Singh, Bharatiya Kisan Union, and Shetkari Sangathana.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide clear and specific examples when asked to name organizations or entities.

 

Question 15. Name any one main organization which is presently conducting women empowerment movement in India?
Answer: Many organizations are currently working successfully on women's empowerment movements. Among them, the contribution of Rashtriya Sevika Samiti is notable.
In simple words: Many groups help women gain power in India. One important group doing this is the Rashtriya Sevika Samiti.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recognize specific organizations that are prominent in major social movements within India.

 

Question 16. Mention some hazardous outcomes of developmental projects.
Answer: Some dangerous results of development projects include moving people from their homes due to building dams on rivers or other projects, harm to the environment, and fights over river water.
In simple words: Big projects can cause problems like people losing their homes, damage to nature, and disputes over water.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be aware of the negative consequences of large-scale development, such as displacement and environmental impact.

RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 15 Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 2. Bring out the difference between Revolutionary and Reformative social movements.
Answer: **Difference between Revolutionary and Reformative social movements:**
**Revolutionary social movements:**
1. These movements want radical (very big and quick) changes in the established social rules and systems.
2. These movements can also be violent, for example, the Naxalite Movement and Leftist Movement.
**Reformative Social Movements:**
1. These movements support gradual (slow and steady) changes to fix existing social differences and problems.
2. These movements usually get support from constitutional and parliamentary traditions.
3. Most non-governmental organizations fall into this category.
In simple words: Revolutionary movements want fast, complete changes in society, sometimes even using violence. Reformative movements, however, prefer slow, step-by-step changes to improve things and often work with the government.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly list distinguishing characteristics for each type of movement when asked to differentiate between them.

 

Question 3. Write a note on new social movements in India.
Answer: **New Social Movements in India:** These movements address issues or demands that earlier social movements overlooked. Such issues include environmental protection, human rights, women's rights, and public awareness campaigns (Jan Jagaran Andolan). These movements are inspired by a new understanding of unfairness in human life. Their goal is to create a social system based on fairness for everyone. They do not protect the interests of just one group but work for the good of the whole public. In India, these movements began in the 1960s. Examples include the Farmers Movement, Labour Movement, Women Empowerment Movement, and Movements against Development Hazards.
In simple words: New social movements in India started around the 1960s. They focus on problems like protecting the environment, human rights, and women's rights. Their main goal is to create a fair society for everyone, not just a few people.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a note, include the origin, core objectives, and examples to provide a comprehensive overview.

 

Question 4. Explain the main objectives of women movement which took place in India.
Answer: Over time, this awareness grew, and by the 1990s, the women's movement started asking for equal political representation for women. With the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments, women were given reserved seats in local government bodies. After this, they also demanded reservations in parliament and state assemblies. Today, organizations like 'All India Women Council' and several other women's groups continue to speak out against violence against women and unequal treatment between genders.
In simple words: Women's movements in India aimed for equal rights. By the 1990s, they asked for women to have more representation in politics, leading to reserved seats in local elections. Even today, groups fight against violence and inequality towards women.

🎯 Exam Tip: Link the objectives of movements to significant policy changes or constitutional amendments where applicable.

 

Question 5. Do movements and protests strengthen democracy? Give examples in support of your answer.
Answer: Yes, non-violent and peaceful movements help make a nation's democracy stronger. Here are some examples:
1. **Chipko Movement:** This was a non-violent, widespread public movement. It successfully stopped trees from being cut down, helping wildlife and protecting the environment.
2. **Farmer and Labour Movement:** These movements, conducted peacefully by leftist groups, raised public awareness. They successfully brought the fair demands of farmers and laborers to the government's attention.
3. **Anti-Liquor Movement:** In Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, this movement created opposition to alcohol. Eventually, the government had to ban it. This movement was a big success for women.
Issues like sexual harassment, domestic violence, dowry, and women's reservation were also raised. As a result, some changes were made to the Indian constitution, and new laws were passed. All these examples show that these movements made Indian democracy stronger.
In simple words: Yes, peaceful movements help democracy. For example, the Chipko Movement saved trees, farmer groups brought their demands to the government, and the Anti-Liquor Movement helped ban alcohol. These show how people's actions strengthen democracy.

🎯 Exam Tip: When providing examples to support an argument, choose diverse cases that clearly illustrate the point being made.

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