RBSE Solutions Class 11 Political Science Chapter 15 Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement and Quit India Movement

RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 15 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is non-cooperation movement?
Answer: The non-cooperation movement was an effort to boycott various British policies that were harmful to Indian interests. This movement had two main aspects: positive actions and negative actions.
In simple words: It was a movement to stop helping the British government and to go against their harmful rules, aiming to achieve freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: When defining a movement, always state its main purpose and key characteristics clearly.

Question 3. Where did the Jallianwala Bagh massacre take place?
Answer: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre happened in Amritsar, at Jallianwala Bagh.
In simple words: The tragic event of Jallianwala Bagh took place in Amritsar.

🎯 Exam Tip: For location-based questions, state the specific place and city or region accurately.

Question 4. What did the Rowlatt act aim to ban?
Answer: The Rowlatt Act was designed to stop any calls for freedom and all other political activities related to this demand.
In simple words: The Rowlatt Act tried to stop people from asking for freedom and doing any political work for it.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the purpose of an act, highlight its primary objectives and effects on the public.

Question 5. When did the Prince of Wales visit India?
Answer: The Prince of Wales visited India on November 17, 1921.
In simple words: The Prince of Wales came to India on November 17, 1921.

🎯 Exam Tip: For date-specific questions, provide the full date clearly and accurately.

Question 6. What was Young India?
Answer: Young India was an English weekly newspaper that Mahatma Gandhi published from Ahmedabad in 1919.
In simple words: Young India was a weekly English paper started by Mahatma Gandhi in Ahmedabad in 1919.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the type of publication, its founder, location, and year when asked about historical publications.

Question 7. What is the significance of the day-9th August, 1942?
Answer: On August 9, 1942, Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement and gave the slogan 'Quit India'.
In simple words: August 9, 1942, is important because Mahatma Gandhi started the Quit India Movement that day.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about the significance of a date, mention the key event and any important slogans or figures associated with it.

Question 9. Who gave the slogan 'Delhi challo'?
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose gave the slogan 'Delhi Challo'.
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose said 'Delhi Challo'.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions about slogans, accurately name the person who coined or popularized it.

Question 10. "Do or die". Who said it?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi said, "Do or die."
In simple words: Mahatma Gandhi spoke the words "Do or die".

🎯 Exam Tip: Directly attribute famous quotes to their correct speakers.

Question 11. When is the Kakori incident memorial day celebrated?
Answer: The Kakori incident memorial day is celebrated on August 9.
In simple words: We celebrate the Kakori incident memorial day on August 9.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide the exact date for memorial days or historical event anniversaries.

Question 12. Who started the tradition of celebrating the Kakori incident memorial day?
Answer: Sardar Bhagat Singh started the tradition of celebrating the Kakori incident memorial day.
In simple words: Sardar Bhagat Singh began the tradition of observing the Kakori incident memorial day.

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately identify individuals associated with starting historical traditions or events.

Question 13. Who is called the Nightingale of India?
Answer: Sarojini Naidu is known as the Nightingale of India.
In simple words: Sarojini Naidu was called the Nightingale of India.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions about nicknames or titles, state the full name of the person along with their title.

Question 14. When did the Cabinet Mission arrive in India?
Answer: The Cabinet Mission arrived in India in 1946.
In simple words: The Cabinet Mission came to India in 1946.

🎯 Exam Tip: Give the year correctly for historical arrival dates.

Question 15. Who endowed Mahatma Gandhi with the title of Father of the Nation?
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose gave Mahatma Gandhi the title of Father of the Nation.
In simple words: Subhash Chandra Bose called Mahatma Gandhi the Father of the Nation.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure correct attribution of honorary titles to the individuals who conferred them.

Question 1. Explain the meaning of non-cooperation movement.
Answer: The Non-Cooperation Movement in India was based on the idea that the British government could only rule because Indian citizens cooperated with them. The main goal of this movement was to stop cooperating with various government departments. Through this, Mahatma Gandhi wanted to show that without public support, the government would fail.
In simple words: The Non-Cooperation Movement aimed to stop Indians from helping the British government, showing that British rule depended on Indian support.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define the core concept of the movement, its main goal, and the philosophy behind it for a comprehensive answer.

Question 2. Throw light on the Chauri-Chaura incident.
Answer: On April 5, 1922, in the village of Chauri-Chaura in Gorakhpur district, Congress members were holding a procession as part of the non-cooperation movement. When the police tried to stop this peaceful procession, the crowd became angry and set the police post on fire. In this incident, twenty-two policemen lost their lives. This event is now known as the Chauri-Chaura incident.
In simple words: In 1922, a peaceful protest in Chauri-Chaura turned violent when police tried to stop it, leading to a police station being burned and 22 policemen dying.

🎯 Exam Tip: Include the date, location, key participants, and the immediate consequences when describing historical incidents.

Question 3. Describe the Rowlatt Act.
Answer: A committee led by Justice Rowlatt was formed. Based on its report, an order was passed regarding revolutionary and criminal activities, which became known as the Rowlatt Act. Its goal was to allow the authorities to jail any Indian without trial for two years, take away their citizenship rights, and crush any demands for self-rule. This act was widely opposed across the country.
In simple words: The Rowlatt Act allowed the British to arrest and jail Indians for two years without trial, taking away their basic rights and stopping protests.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the key provisions of the act, its purpose, and the public reaction to it.

Question 4. What did Gandhiji do at Kheda and Ahmedabad?
Answer: In 1915, Gandhiji returned to India from South Africa and set up his Ashram near Ahmedabad, on the banks of the Sabarmati river. In Kheda and Champaran (Bihar), he supported farmers and indigo growers, fighting for their rights. In Ahmedabad, he championed the rights of textile mill workers. These acts of Satyagraha demonstrated the power of non-violent resistance to the public.
In simple words: After returning to India, Gandhiji helped farmers in Kheda and Champaran and mill workers in Ahmedabad by using peaceful protests (Satyagraha) to get them justice.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing Gandhiji's actions, mention specific locations, the groups he helped, and the method he used (Satyagraha).

Question 5. Write a note on Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
Answer: On April 9, 1919, in Amritsar, two prominent Congress leaders, Dr. Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew, were arrested and exiled. Martial law was imposed in the city. General Dyer arrived with his soldiers and ordered all exit gates of Jallianwala Bagh to be closed. He then commanded his soldiers to fire mercilessly on the unarmed people without warning. This resulted in at least one thousand deaths and many injuries.
In simple words: In 1919, General Dyer ordered his soldiers to fire on unarmed people gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, killing over a thousand and injuring many.

🎯 Exam Tip: For a historical event like a massacre, state the date, location, key figures involved, and the tragic outcome.

Question 6. What was Khilafat movement?
Answer: During the First World War, Turkey was an ally of Germany. Indian Muslims worried that after the war, Britain would take harsh actions against Turkey. To get Indian Muslim support during the war, the British Prime Minister falsely promised that Britain would not seek revenge against Turkey. However, after the war, Britain broke its promise, dismantling Turkey's administration and exiling the Sultan. They appointed Sheikh Hassan as the Khalifa instead. This angered Indian Muslims, leading them to start the Khilafat movement.
In simple words: The Khilafat movement started because Indian Muslims were angry when Britain broke its promise to protect Turkey's Sultan (who was their religious leader) after World War I.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the international context (Turkey, World War I), Britain's broken promises, and the specific reasons for Indian Muslim outrage.

Question 7. Explain Gandhiji's concept of Swaraj.
Answer: Gandhiji's concept of complete Swaraj (self-rule) was different from the non-cooperation movement. The strategy for this movement also differed, as it allowed for violating laws to achieve full Swaraj. Patriots were inspired to actively join the Swaraj movement, which was planned to become a mass movement involving many people.
In simple words: Gandhiji's idea of Swaraj meant complete self-rule, and he believed that breaking unfair laws was a way to achieve it, turning it into a big movement involving everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the distinct characteristics of Gandhiji's Swaraj concept, especially how it differed from previous movements and its methods.

Question 8. Whose biography was written by Louis Fisher?
Answer: Louis Fisher wrote the book "The Life of Mahatma Gandhi".
In simple words: Louis Fisher wrote a book about Mahatma Gandhi's life.

🎯 Exam Tip: For literary questions, state the author and the full title of the work accurately.

Question 10. Write a note on Young India.
Answer: 'Young India' was an English weekly newspaper published by Mahatma Gandhi from Ahmedabad. The British government arrested Gandhi for criticizing them in his paper, accusing him of being a traitor and punishing him. Mahatma Gandhi wrote a letter to the Viceroy of India, stating that if the government accepted his eleven conditions, he would not start the Civil Disobedience Movement.
In simple words: Young India was an English newspaper run by Mahatma Gandhi, where he criticized the British government. He was arrested for it, but he offered to stop the Civil Disobedience Movement if his demands were met.

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing a note on a publication, include its nature (weekly, English), founder, location, key purpose, and any significant historical events connected to it.

Question 11. Explain the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Answer: The Civil Disobedience Movement, started by Mahatma Gandhi, was very different from the non-cooperation movement. Its strategy was also distinct. The goal was to achieve complete Swaraj by openly opposing British laws. Patriots and revolutionaries were encouraged to organize Satyagraha and peacefully resist British laws across the country.
In simple words: The Civil Disobedience Movement was Gandhi's effort to achieve full self-rule by peacefully breaking British laws, encouraging people to resist unfair rules.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the movement's main objective (complete Swaraj), its unique approach (disobeying laws), and how it involved the public.

Question 12. Describe the Kakori incident.
Answer: The Kakori incident was a significant and violent event during the freedom struggle, though not led by Mahatma Gandhi. It was a bold act by revolutionaries who looted the British treasury from a train. They aimed to use the stolen money to buy weapons to fight the British army for complete Swaraj. On August 9, 1925, revolutionaries including Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan, along with ten others, stopped a train at Kakori railway station and looted the government's money.
In simple words: In 1925, Indian revolutionaries stopped a train at Kakori and looted the government's money to buy weapons for their fight for freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing an incident, include the date, key individuals, location, the event itself, and its purpose or significance.

Question 13. Write a short note on Cabinet Mission.
Answer: The Cabinet Mission arrived in Delhi on March 24, 1946. Its main task was to explore ways to peacefully transfer power from British hands to Indian hands. This commission was given special authority to facilitate this transfer.
In simple words: The Cabinet Mission came to India in 1946 to find a peaceful way for the British to give power to Indians.

🎯 Exam Tip: For a short note, mention the mission's arrival date, its primary purpose, and its mandate.

Question 14. When was Lord Mountbatten appointed the Viceroy of India?
Answer: Lord Mountbatten was appointed the Viceroy of India in February 1947, replacing Lord Wavell. He tried his best to resolve all disputes with a spirit of compromise. However, when he failed, he announced that British India would become free but would also be partitioned.
In simple words: Lord Mountbatten became India's Viceroy in February 1947. He tried to settle disagreements but eventually decided to partition India while granting independence.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the appointment date, who he replaced, his primary objective, and the ultimate outcome of his efforts.

Question 15. Under which plan did the partition of India take place?
Answer: The partition of India happened under the Mountbatten Plan, as outlined in the Indian Independence Act of 1947. This Act stated that on August 15, 1947, British India would be divided into two self-governing nations: India and Pakistan. The British government would then hand over power to these new countries.
In simple words: India was divided into India and Pakistan on August 15, 1947, based on the Mountbatten Plan and the Indian Independence Act.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the plan and the act under which partition occurred, along with the date and resulting nations.

RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 15 Essay Type Questions

Question 1. Describe Gandhiji's role in the Non-cooperation Movement.
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi played a vital role in the Non-cooperation Movement. Even before returning to India, he was interested in Hindu-Muslim unity. He saw the Khilafat Movement as a great chance to bring both communities together. In November 1919, he was elected president of the Khilafat conference. Gandhi stated that if Britain didn't ensure justice for Turkey, a boycott and non-cooperation movement would begin. For this, the cooperation of the Congress was crucial. At the 1920 Calcutta session, a new plan for the non-cooperation movement was designed. The government was surprised by the movement's impact, making it hard for them to control. In December 1921, at the Ahmedabad Congress session, it was decided to make the non-cooperation movement a mass movement, and Gandhi was given full authority over it. In February 1922, Gandhi warned the Viceroy of India. Despite thorough preparations, the movement had to be withdrawn after the Chauri-Chaura incident. Many Congress leaders opposed Gandhi's decision. Lala Lajpat Rai and Motilal Nehru, from jail, wrote to Gandhi, arguing that the entire country was punished for one mistake. The next day, Gandhi was arrested and tried for treason, even though he had already paused the non-cooperation movement. He was sentenced to six years in prison.
In simple words: Gandhiji played a key role in the Non-cooperation Movement, uniting Hindus and Muslims and leading widespread protests. He was arrested after withdrawing the movement due to the Chauri-Chaura incident.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing Gandhiji's role, include his initial motivations (Hindu-Muslim unity), his leadership in planning and execution, and the reasons for and consequences of the movement's withdrawal.

Question 2. Analyse Gandhiji's role in Quit India Movement.
Answer: On August 9, 1942, Mahatma Gandhi raised the famous slogan 'Quit India'. Following his call, the Quit India Movement became a national movement across the country. It was an important part of the Civil Disobedience Movement. After the failure of the Cripps Mission, Gandhi decided to launch a large-scale movement. On August 8, 1942, at the Indian National Congress Committee meeting in Bombay, the slogan 'British, Quit India' was given. Gandhi was immediately arrested, and young Congress workers across the country organized widespread strikes and engaged in violent acts. Realizing it was the right time for a nationwide movement, Gandhi, at midnight on August 8, 1942, from Bombay, delivered the message "British, Quit India" to the British rulers. To Indians, he gave the revolutionary slogan, 'Do or Die'. As a strategy, he was taken to the Agha Khan Palace under police protection.
In simple words: Gandhiji launched the Quit India Movement in August 1942, giving the slogans 'Quit India' and 'Do or Die'. He was arrested, but the movement sparked nationwide protests and strikes.

🎯 Exam Tip: For Gandhiji's role, mention the specific date of launch, key slogans, immediate consequences (his arrest), and the movement's impact on public participation.

Question 3. Explain in detail the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
Answer: The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred on April 13, 1919. Earlier, on April 9, the British government arrested Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew, banning their entry into Punjab and Delhi. Michael O'Dyer was the Governor of Punjab then and mocked Indians' desire for self-rule. This created unrest in Punjab, leading to strikes for the leaders' release. The army was called in, and on April 10, indiscriminate firing was ordered on Satyagrahis. On April 13, more arrests were made, and public meetings were banned without proper notice. On the same day, Baisakhi, people from nearby villages gathered at Jallianwala Bagh for the festival. About 20,000 people assembled without being stopped. General Dyer ordered his armed soldiers to fire on the unarmed crowd until their ammunition ran out. There was only one exit gate, and the wounded were left crying in pain all night.
In simple words: In April 1919, British General Dyer ordered troops to fire on a peaceful crowd gathered for Baisakhi in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar. Many innocent people were killed and injured, trapped with no escape.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a chronological account of the events, including background, the exact date, the key figures involved, the scale of violence, and the immediate aftermath.

Question 4. Explain the Chauri Chaura episode.
Answer: In 1921, at the Ahmedabad session of the Indian National Congress, it was decided to expand the non-cooperation movement nationwide. Mahatma Gandhi was given full authority to implement this decision. On February 1, 1922, Gandhi sent a warning letter to the Viceroy of India. Preparations were complete at Bardoli to launch the movement. However, a tragic incident in Chauri-Chaura village in Gorakhpur district on February 5, 1922, changed everything. The non-cooperation movement was at its peak. In Chauri-Chaura, the police tried to stop a procession of Congress workers. The workers became furious, and the police took shelter in the post. The Congress workers then set fire to the police post, burning at least 22 policemen to death. This violent event deeply saddened Mahatma Gandhi, who believed in non-violence. He withdrew the movement because Congress workers had used violence. Still, Gandhiji and many participants of the procession were arrested.
In simple words: In February 1922, a non-cooperation protest in Chauri-Chaura turned violent when protesters burned a police station, killing 22 policemen. This led Mahatma Gandhi to stop the entire non-cooperation movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Detail the context of the movement, the specific date and location of the incident, how it unfolded, and its critical impact on Gandhiji's decision to withdraw the national movement.

Question 5. Describe in detail Gandhiji's contribution to the freedom struggle of India.
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi played a crucial role in India's freedom struggle. His contributions can be summarized as follows:
1. Father of the Nation: Mahatma Gandhi is honored as the Father of the Nation because he was the most respected and influential leader in the freedom struggle.
2. Wholly Dedicated to the Country: Gandhi dedicated his entire life to India, even undertaking fasts unto death to free the country from British rule. Despite temptations from the British, he always prioritized his country's cause.
3. Leadership of Non-Violent Movements: He led many non-violent movements against the British, including the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, Swadeshi Movement, and Quit India Movement. Through these, he inspired Indians to resist British rule non-violently.
4. Weapons of Satyagraha and Non-Violence: Gandhi's main tools were Satyagraha (truth-force) and non-violence. He often went on hunger strikes to achieve his demands, which even made the British government nervous.
5. Uniting Social Groups: Gandhi transformed the freedom movement into a mass movement by uniting diverse groups like lawyers, doctors, landlords, traders, peasants, laborers, women, Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs, fostering national unity and love among them.
In simple words: Mahatma Gandhi greatly contributed to India's freedom by leading non-violent movements like Non-Cooperation and Quit India, uniting different groups through Satyagraha, and inspiring a sense of nationalism across the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: For contributions, list key roles and achievements, providing specific examples of movements or principles he introduced, and explaining their impact on the struggle.

RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 15 Objective Type Questions

Question 1. Chauri-Chaura incident took place on:
(a) 4th Aug. 1920
(b) 4th Feb. 1922
(c) 8th Aug. 1942
(d) 6th Dec. 1922
Answer: (b) 4th Feb. 1922
In simple words: The Chauri-Chaura incident happened on February 4, 1922.

🎯 Exam Tip: For MCQ dates, confirm the exact day, month, and year for the event.

Question 2. Mahatma Gandhi started non-cooperation movement in / on:
(a) Sep. 1920
(b) 8th Aug. 1942
(c) 13th March 1922
(d) 26th Nov. 1949
Answer: (a) Sep. 1920
In simple words: Mahatma Gandhi began the non-cooperation movement in September 1920.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific month and year for the launch of major historical movements.

Question 3. "Don't die, but kill”. Who gave this revolutionary slogan?
(a) Lai Bahadur Shastri
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(d) Veer Savarkar
Answer: (a) Lai Bahadur Shastri
In simple words: Lai Bahadur Shastri gave the slogan, "Don't die, but kill."

🎯 Exam Tip: Accurately attribute revolutionary slogans to their correct historical figures.

Question 4. When did Kakori incident take place?
(a) 9th Aug. 1925
(b) 9th Aug. 1942
Answer: (a) 9th Aug. 1925
In simple words: The Kakori incident occurred on August 9, 1925.

🎯 Exam Tip: For specific incident dates, ensure you recall the exact day, month, and year.

Question 5. Which slogan did Mahatma Gandhji give on 8th August 1942 ?
(a) Delhi Challo
(b) Do or Die
(c) British, Quit India
(d) (b) & (c)
Answer: (d) (b) & (c)
In simple words: On August 8, 1942, Mahatma Gandhi gave both the slogans "Do or Die" and "British, Quit India."

🎯 Exam Tip: When multiple options are correct, choose the option that combines all correct answers.

RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 15 Other Important Questions

RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 15 Objective Type Questions

Question 1. The first movement of Gandhian era was:
(a) Quit India movement
(b) Individual Satyagraha
(c) Non-cooperation movement
(d) All these
Answer: (c) Non-cooperation movement
In simple words: The first major movement led by Mahatma Gandhi was the non-cooperation movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the correct chronological order of Gandhiji's major movements when answering such questions.

Question 2. Chauri-chaura incident took place in:
(a) 1922
(b) 1925
(c) 1928
(d) 1942
Answer: (a) 1922
In simple words: The Chauri-Chaura incident happened in the year 1922.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on recalling the exact year for significant historical events.

Question 4. When was civil disobedience movement started?
(a) 1922
(b) 1925
(c) 1930
(d) 1942
Answer: (c) 1930
In simple words: The civil disobedience movement was launched in 1930.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the start year for major national movements like the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Question 5. In which year was the Quit India movement launched?
(a) 1928
(b) 1942
(c) 1946
(d) 1947
Answer: (b) 1942
In simple words: The Quit India movement began in 1942.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be precise with the year of launch for key historical movements.

RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 15 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What was the purpose of the Rowlatt Act?
Answer: The Rowlatt Act had several purposes:
- To keep Indians in jail for two years without any trial.
- To suspend the rights of Indian citizens.
- To suppress any struggles for self-rule.
In simple words: The Rowlatt Act aimed to imprison Indians without trial, take away their rights, and stop any independence movements.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing purposes, use clear bullet points or a numbered list for readability and to cover all aspects of the act.

Question 3. Who renounced the title of knighthood in the protest of Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
Answer: Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood to protest the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
In simple words: Rabindranath Tagore gave up his knighthood because of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

🎯 Exam Tip: Correctly identify the individuals who made significant gestures of protest during historical events.

Question 4. Which leaders opposed Gandhiji's proposal of starting the non-cooperation movement?
Answer: The leaders who opposed Gandhiji's proposal to start the non-cooperation movement were:
- Bipin Chandra Pal
- Chittaranjan Das
- Annie Besant
- Lala Lajpat Rai.
In simple words: Bipin Chandra Pal, Chittaranjan Das, Annie Besant, and Lala Lajpat Rai were among the leaders who did not agree with Gandhiji's plan for the non-cooperation movement.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked to list individuals, ensure all names are provided accurately.

Question 5. What was the chief characteristic of the non-cooperation movement?
Answer: The main characteristic of the non-cooperation movement was Hindu-Muslim unity.
In simple words: The non-cooperation movement was mainly known for bringing Hindus and Muslims together.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the most defining feature or goal of the movement for a concise answer.

Question 6. What was Gandhiji's logic behind withdrawing the non-cooperation movement?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi believed that the non-cooperation movement was becoming more violent day by day. Since this went against his principles of peace and non-violence, he decided to withdraw the movement.
In simple words: Gandhiji stopped the non-cooperation movement because it was becoming violent, which was against his belief in peace.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the core reason for Gandhiji's decision, emphasizing his commitment to non-violence.

Question 7. How did the non-cooperation movement encourage the development of small scale industries of India?
Answer: During the non-cooperation movement, foreign goods were boycotted. This naturally led to an increased demand for Swadeshi (Indian-made) products. As a result, the production of local goods grew, which helped promote small-scale industries in India.
In simple words: The non-cooperation movement encouraged Indian small industries by boycotting foreign goods, which increased the demand for locally made products.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain the cause-and-effect relationship between the boycott and the growth of local industries.

Question 9. What did Gandhiji say while breaking the salt law?
Answer: While breaking the salt law, Gandhiji said that people fighting for truth will never be defeated unless they themselves give up on the truth.
In simple words: Gandhiji taught that if you hold onto the truth, you will not lose unless you stop believing in it yourself.

🎯 Exam Tip: When quoting historical figures, try to capture the essence of their message accurately and concisely.

Question 10. When and between whom was the Poona pact signed?
Answer: The Poona Pact was signed on 26th September 1932. It was an agreement made between Mahatma Gandhi and Bhimrao Ambedkar in Poona.
In simple words: The Poona Pact was an agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Bhimrao Ambedkar in 1932.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember both the date and the key individuals involved when asked about historical agreements.

Question 11. When did the Congress start Individual Satyagraha movement?
Answer: The Congress started the Individual Satyagraha movement on 17th October 1940.
In simple words: The Individual Satyagraha movement began in October 1940.

🎯 Exam Tip: Dates of important movements are crucial for historical accuracy; ensure you remember them.

Question 12. Who was the first satyagrahi of the individual satyagrah movement?
Answer: Acharya Vinoba Bhave was the first Satyagrahi of the individual Satyagraha movement.
In simple words: Acharya Vinoba Bhave was the first person to start the individual Satyagraha.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identifying the key figures associated with movements is important for scoring marks.

Question 13. When was Quit India movement started?
Answer: The Quit India Movement was started on 9th August 1942.
In simple words: The Quit India Movement began in August 1942.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specific dates for major historical events like the Quit India Movement should be memorized.

Question 14. What did Gandhi mean by the slogan 'Do or Die'?
Answer: By the slogan 'Do or Die', Gandhiji wanted to tell Indians that they should do everything possible to achieve freedom, but always in a non-violent way.
In simple words: 'Do or Die' meant Indians should fight hard for freedom, but without using violence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explaining the meaning and context of historical slogans demonstrates a deeper understanding of the movement.

Question 16. Explain the significance of Quit India Movement.
Answer: Even though the Quit India Movement did not immediately force the British to leave India, it awakened a strong feeling of patriotism among Indians. It showed the British rulers that they could no longer stay in India because the people were united against them.
In simple words: The Quit India Movement sparked patriotism and showed the British that their time in India was ending.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing significance, focus on both immediate and long-term impacts of a movement.

RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 15 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Why did Gandhiji adopt the policy of non – cooperation to win Independence for India?
Answer: Gandhiji believed that the British government was able to rule India only because Indians cooperated with them. If Indians stopped cooperating, the British administration would fail, and India would become free. He thought that a good idea, followed with dedication, could become a powerful movement. His plan was to start the non-cooperation movement in stages. First, Indians should give up titles and honors given by the British. Then, they should boycott British schools, colleges, and foreign goods, including clothes. After that, they should set up national schools and colleges, encourage local crafts like Khadi, and work to end untouchability. Gandhiji believed these steps would ultimately end British rule and bring freedom.
In simple words: Gandhiji used non-cooperation because he believed British rule depended on Indian support. He thought if Indians withdrew their cooperation by boycotting British institutions and goods, and promoting Indian alternatives, British rule would collapse, leading to freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining Gandhiji's strategy, highlight his core belief that British power relied on Indian cooperation and the phased approach of the movement.

Question 2. Why did Gandhiji decide to withdraw the non-cooperation movement?
Answer: Gandhiji decided to withdraw the non-cooperation movement because of a violent incident in Chauri Chaura village, Gorakhpur district, on 5th February 1922. Congress workers were holding a procession against British rule. The police tried to stop them peacefully, but the crowd became angry and set the police post on fire, killing twenty-two policemen. This act of violence deeply saddened Gandhiji, who strongly believed in non-violence. He withdrew the movement because it went against his principles of peaceful protest.
In simple words: Gandhiji withdrew the non-cooperation movement after the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922, where protestors turned violent and killed policemen. This went against his core belief in non-violence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Mention the specific incident (Chauri Chaura), the date, the number of casualties, and Gandhiji's commitment to non-violence as the key reasons for withdrawal.

Question 3. Explain the significance of the non-cooperation movement.
Answer: The non-cooperation movement had several important impacts:
1. **Awakening and Fearlessness:** It made the public brave and fearless. People became ready to face punishment and the harsh rule of the British government.
2. **Mass Movement:** It turned the national movement into a movement involving many people. Gandhiji traveled from village to village, making people realize that the British government could not function without their help, showing them their own strength.
3. **Constructive Activities:** Many new national schools and colleges were set up, teaching Indian students about their own culture. Village weavers benefited greatly from the demand for Swadeshi (Indian-made) clothes. Using the charkha (spinning wheel) created a new local economy. All these activities helped the people a lot.
In simple words: The non-cooperation movement made people brave, united many Indians in the fight for freedom, and encouraged local industries and education, showing that British rule depended on Indian support.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining significance, categorize points (e.g., social, political, economic) and provide clear, concise descriptions for each to show a comprehensive understanding.

Question 4. Explain clearly Gandhiji's Salt (Dandi) March.
Answer: Gandhiji's Salt (Dandi) March was a famous protest against the British government's tax on salt. Since the British government did not remove this tax, Gandhiji, along with 78 followers, started a march on 12th March 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, a coastal village in Gujarat, to break the salt law. The journey was about 200 miles long. Gandhiji reached Dandi on 6th April 1930 and made salt by boiling seawater, thus breaking the law. While breaking the salt law, Gandhiji declared that "A satyagrahi is not defeated unless he gives up truth." After this, people across the country started making salt from seawater, and the movement grew stronger in places like Katakpur and Balasore. This act symbolized defiance against unfair laws and inspired widespread civil disobedience.
In simple words: Gandhiji started the Dandi March in 1930 with 78 followers, walking 200 miles to Dandi to make salt from seawater. This act broke the British salt law and was a powerful symbol of non-violent protest, encouraging many others to join the fight for freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the date, starting and ending points, the symbolic act of making salt, and Gandhiji's quote to fully explain the Dandi March.

Question 6. Describe the main setbacks of the Quit India Movement.
Answer: The Quit India Movement faced several major difficulties.
1. **Lack of Preparation:** There was no proper planning for a nationwide movement. When leaders were arrested, there was no strong leadership left, causing the organized public to scatter.
2. **Loyal Administration:** The entire British administration, including police, army, and local rulers, remained loyal to the British government. This meant the Satyagrahis could not overcome the British government's strength.
3. **Suppressive Policy:** The government was fully prepared to put down the movement. While Satyagrahis believed in non-violence and love, physical force and armed police were able to overpower the public.
4. **International Opinion:** Although some allies like the US, France, and Holland favored India's freedom after WWII, this support was not strong enough to force the British to leave immediately.
In simple words: The Quit India Movement struggled because it lacked clear planning and leadership. The British government's strong administrative loyalty and harsh suppression, along with insufficient international support, prevented it from fully achieving its goals.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing setbacks, focus on internal weaknesses of the movement (like leadership) and external factors (like government suppression) to provide a balanced answer.

Question 7. Why did Mahatma Gandhi launch the Quit India Movement?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement for several reasons:
1. **Distrust after Cripps Mission:** Indians realized that the Stafford Cripps Mission was a political trick. Its failure created deep distrust and disappointment, making relations between Indians and the British government worse.
2. **Economic Hardship:** The Indian economy was severely damaged due to the effects of World War II, leading to widespread suffering.
3. **Displaced Indians:** After Japan's victory in Burma, many Indians were forced to migrate to India, where they faced insult and ill-treatment.
4. **Loss of Faith in British:** Indians lost faith in the British because Japan had defeated the British army in regions like Burma, Malaya, and Singapore. There was a constant fear of a Japanese attack on India. To remove this fear, encourage the disheartened, and push towards freedom, Gandhiji decided to launch the Quit India Movement.
In simple words: Gandhiji launched the Quit India Movement because Indians lost trust in the British after the failed Cripps Mission, the economy was suffering due to WWII, displaced Indians faced mistreatment, and there was a widespread fear of Japanese invasion, weakening faith in British protection.

🎯 Exam Tip: For "why" questions, list and briefly explain each contributing factor to show a comprehensive understanding of the movement's origins.

RBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 15 Essay Type Questions

Question 1. Which situations were responsible for the start of the Non – cooperation and Khilafat movements? Explain in detail.
Answer: Several situations led to the start of the Non-Cooperation and Khilafat movements:
1. **Economic Hardships:** During World War I, the British imposed many taxes, which increased the financial difficulties for common people. There was also a severe shortage of food, and diseases like the flu, plague, and famine made life even harder. People hoped their problems would end after the war, but this did not happen.
2. **Gandhiji's Return and Satyagraha:** In January 1915, Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa, where he had successfully used non-violent Satyagraha against foreign rulers. In India, he also found success with Satyagraha, for example, helping indigo farmers in Champaran, peasants in Kheda, and textile laborers in Ahmedabad. These successes laid a strong foundation for the Non-Cooperation and Khilafat movements.
3. **Rowlatt Act:** Despite strong opposition from Indian members, the Imperial Legislative Council passed the Rowlatt Act in 1919. This act gave vast powers to the police, allowing them to arrest any Indian political leader and imprison revolutionaries for two years without trial on false charges. Its main goal was to suppress Indian political movements. This unfair act fueled anger across the country.
4. **Jallianwala Bagh Massacre:** On Baisakhi Day, 13th April 1919, a public meeting was held in Amritsar to protest the Rowlatt Act. The Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, Michael O'Dyer, ordered his soldiers to fire mercilessly on the unarmed crowd without warning. At least 1000 people were killed and many more injured. The news of this massacre spread rapidly, causing widespread protests against British rule.
In simple words: The Non-Cooperation and Khilafat movements started due to economic hardships after WWI, Gandhiji's successful non-violent protests, the oppressive Rowlatt Act that allowed arrests without trial, and the brutal Jallianwala Bagh Massacre which killed many innocent people.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the causes of major movements, break down the answer into distinct points like economic, political, and specific events to ensure clarity and completeness.

Question 2. What were the reasons for the failure of the Quit India movement?
Answer: The Quit India Movement did not achieve its goals due to several reasons:
1. **Lack of Organized Planning:** The movement was not well-organized. Gandhiji believed that the threat of the movement would make the British government willing to negotiate. However, the British government arrested Gandhiji and other key Congress leaders, leaving the movement without proper leadership. This caused the people's enthusiasm to fade and the movement to lose direction.
2. **Lack of Cooperation from Indian Officials:** Indian officers in the police, military, and other government departments remained loyal to their British masters. Bureaucrats and other administrative officers continued to work faithfully. Without cooperation from Indian officials, the public's excitement for the movement cooled down quickly.
3. **Inferior Power and Resources:** The public and the Satyagrahis were mostly unarmed and poorly equipped. They could not stand against the power and preparedness of the British government. Mere peace and non-violence were not enough to defeat the harshness of the British armed forces.
4. **Suppressive Government Policy:** The government was fully prepared to suppress the movement. While Satyagrahis believed in conquering violence with non-violence and love, moral teachings alone could not overcome violence. Physical power and the armed police successfully suppressed the public.
In simple words: The Quit India Movement failed due to poor planning, lack of leadership after arrests, the loyalty of Indian officials to the British, and the overwhelming military power of the British government which suppressed the non-violent protests.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining the failure of a movement, distinguish between internal organizational issues and external factors like government suppression and lack of resources.

Question 3. Describe the causes, programmes and significance of the non cooperation movement.
Answer: The Non-Cooperation Movement began due to several key causes:
1. **Unsatisfactory Montague-Chelmsford Reforms:** During World War I, Indians supported the British wholeheartedly, believing they were fighting for democracy. However, the reforms announced in July 1918 were a major disappointment for Indians.
2. **Economic Hardship:** Extra taxes and a scarcity of food increased people's difficulties. Epidemics like the flu, plague, and famine made life worse. People had hoped their problems would end with the war, but this did not happen.
3. **Rowlatt Act:** After World War I, British officials wanted to keep their special powers. The Federal Legislature passed two ordinances based on Justice Sydney Rowlatt's report, known as the Rowlatt Acts. These acts allowed the government to arrest anyone without trial, which Gandhiji opposed, proposing Satyagraha.
4. **Jallianwala Bagh Massacre:** On 13th April 1919, a brutal massacre occurred at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. General Dyer ordered British soldiers to fire on unarmed men, women, and children until their ammunition ran out. This horrific incident created immense discontent, leading to widespread movements.
5. **Suppressive and Inhuman Policy:** Martial law was imposed in Punjab, and the army brutally tortured even the elderly, sick, women, and children. Such inhumane behavior caused widespread anger.
6. **Disappointment with Hunter Commission's Report:** The British government formed an investigating committee after political pressure to examine the atrocities in Punjab. However, the Hunter Commission's report downplayed the army's actions, further enraging Indians and fueling the Non-Cooperation Movement.
7. **Muslim Unrest (Khilafat Issue):** The Sultan of Turkey was the spiritual leader (Khalifa) of Indian Muslims. During WWI, Great Britain had promised Indian Muslims that it would not take revengeful action against Turkey after the war. However, Britain did not keep its promise. It dismantled the administration of Turkey, banished the Sultan, and accepted Sheikh Hassan as the Khalifa. This angered Indian Muslims, leading to the Khilafat Movement, which later merged with the Non-Cooperation Movement.
In simple words: The Non-Cooperation Movement started due to disappointing reforms, economic difficulties, the oppressive Rowlatt Act, the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, brutal British suppression, a biased investigation report, and Muslim anger over Britain's treatment of Turkey's Khalifa.

🎯 Exam Tip: To answer this essay question comprehensively, organize your points under clear sub-headings like 'Causes,' 'Programmes,' and 'Significance,' and provide specific examples for each point.