RBSE Solutions Class 11 History Chapter 6 The World Between 1919 and 1945

RBSE Class 11 History Chapter 6 Text Book Questions and Answers

RBSE Class 11 History Chapter 6 Very Short Answer Type Questions

 

Question 1. Which US president played the most important role in the establishment of the League of Nations?
Answer: US President Woodrow Wilson played the most important role in the establishment of the League of Nations. He strongly advocated for its creation to promote world peace.
In simple words: US President Woodrow Wilson was key in starting the League of Nations.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember Woodrow Wilson's name and his significant role in founding the League of Nations, as it's a direct recall question.

 

Question 2. Who adopted the New Deal policy to overcome the economic crisis?
Answer: US President Roosevelt adopted the New Deal policy in 1933 to overcome the severe economic crisis. This policy included many programs to help people and boost the economy.
In simple words: President Roosevelt started the New Deal policy in 1933 to fix the economy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify President Roosevelt and the "New Deal" as the solution to the economic crisis. The year 1933 is also a useful detail.

 

Question 4. When and between which countries did the treaty of Laussane take place?
Answer: The Treaty of Lausanne took place in 1923 AD between Greece and Italy. This treaty was important for defining borders and resolving post-war issues.
In simple words: The Treaty of Lausanne was signed by Greece and Italy in 1923.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the year (1923 AD) and the countries involved (Greece and Italy) for the Treaty of Lausanne.

 

Question 5. Which party adopted the symbol of the Swastika?
Answer: The Swastika was the main symbol adopted by the Nazi party. They used it to represent their ideology and power.
In simple words: The Nazi party used the Swastika as their symbol.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the Swastika symbol directly with the Nazi party in your answer.

 

Question 6. What is the name of the book, which was written by Hitler?
Answer: The book written by Hitler is named Mein Kampf. This book outlined his political ideology and future plans for Germany.
In simple words: Hitler wrote a book called Mein Kampf.

🎯 Exam Tip: Simply state the title "Mein Kampf" as the book written by Hitler.

 

Question 7. When did World War-Il start?
Answer: The second World War started in 1939. This global conflict began with Germany's invasion of Poland.
In simple words: World War II began in the year 1939.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the specific year, 1939, as the starting point for World War II.

 

Question 8. Which country first used the atom bomb?
Answer: The atom bomb was first used by the United States of America. It was deployed during World War II.
In simple words: America was the first country to use the atom bomb.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly name the United States of America as the country that first used the atom bomb.

 

Question 9. How many members are there in the Security Council?
Answer: The Security Council has 15 members in total. Out of these, 5 are permanent members, and the remaining 10 are temporary members. Permanent members have veto power.
In simple words: The Security Council has 15 members: 5 permanent and 10 temporary.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specify both the total number of members (15) and their division into permanent (5) and temporary (10) categories.

 

Question 10. What is the meaning of Veto power?
Answer: Veto power means that if any permanent member of the United Nations Security Council casts a negative vote on a resolution, that resolution cannot be passed. This power allows permanent members to block decisions.
In simple words: Veto power lets a permanent Security Council member stop a decision by voting no.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that veto power is a negative vote by a permanent member of the UNSC that blocks a resolution.

 

At the end of the First World War, the League of Nations took over the responsibility of administering the colonies taken from Germany and Turkey. The system under which the League of Nations gave these colonies for administration to protecting countries like Japan, France, Belgium, and England is called the Mandate System or Protectorate System.

Main objectives of League of Nations: The main objectives of the League of Nations were the following:

• To establish peace and security in the world.
• Preventing future wars.
• Disarmament.
• Implementation of the stipulations of the Treaty of Paris Peace Conference.
• Resolving disputes peacefully between the nations.
• Do good deeds for human welfare.
• Take care of the interests of all the nations.

Parts of the League of Nations: There were following parts of the League of Nations:

• General Assembly: This was an important part of the League of Nations. Its main functions included passing the budget, appointing judges in the international court, selecting temporary members for the council, and adding new members.
• Council: This powerful body had five permanent members: Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and America. Its main functions were to protect member states from external attacks and organize international conferences.
• Secretariat: The head of the secretariat was called the General Secretary. Its functions included preparing information on critical issues for the General Assembly and Council, arranging meetings, and keeping records of treaties.
• International Court: Its headquarters was in The Hague. It had 15 judges whose functions were to resolve disputes among nations, clarify international laws, and provide legal counsel to the General Assembly and Council.

International Labour Organization: Its main objective was to improve the condition and living standards of laborers through international efforts. Its headquarters was in Geneva. The causes of failure of the League of Nations:

• Superpowers did not follow the rules of the League of Nations, making its principles ineffective due to their personal interests and imperialist desires.
• The autocratic governments of Italy, Germany, Spain, and Portugal did not follow the principles of the League of Nations.
• Due to the non-cooperation of the superpowers, the League of Nations could not succeed in its objective.

 

Question 2. Write the main causes and consequences of the economic crisis.
Answer: The economic crisis began in the world in 1929 AD and lasted until 1934. During this period, currency values dropped, and agricultural product prices fell sharply. Farmers and laborers faced difficult times due to unemployment and rising costs. The main causes of this economic crisis were:

• Effect of the First World War: During World War I, industries produced many goods for the army, which led to higher incomes and employment. However, after the war ended, this increased production turned into an economic crisis as demand dropped.
• Mechanization of Industries: The use of machines in industries led to many workers losing their jobs. Machines replaced human labor, which increased unemployment and worsened the economic crisis.
• Excess of Production: Production capacity grew due to new machines, but there were not enough buyers because of widespread unemployment. This led to factories closing down and even more job losses.
• Economic Nationalism: Many countries focused on their own economies after the war, ignoring the global economic situation. They reduced imports and increased taxes on foreign goods, which hurt international trade.
• Uneven Distribution of Gold: After World War II, America demanded repayment of debts in gold. This caused other countries to lose gold and led them to restrict gold exports, triggering an economic crisis.
• Decline of American Stock Market: In October 1929, the value of shares in the American stock market dropped significantly. This had a global impact, causing many banks to go bankrupt around the world.

The economic crisis affected all countries, big and small. The effects of the economic crisis were:

• Government control over the economy increased due to the crisis.
• People became unhappy with the economic system and were drawn to communism.
• Countries started building up their military power due to feelings of insecurity.
• Nations shifted their focus from global security to national security, harming the goals of the League of Nations.

In simple words: The economic crisis from 1929-1934 was caused by war effects, machines taking jobs, too much production, countries being selfish in trade, uneven gold distribution, and the American stock market crash. Its effects included more government control, people turning to communism, countries building armies, and a shift from world peace to national security.

🎯 Exam Tip: When answering about economic crises, categorize your points clearly into 'causes' and 'consequences' to ensure a structured and complete answer.

 

Question 3. What were the main reasons for the rise of Fascism in Italy?
Answer: Fascism was an organization and ideology created by Mussolini in Italy. Its rise was due to several factors:
1. Abusive Treaty of Versailles: Germany's economy collapsed after the Treaty of Versailles, and it lost all its colonies. Hitler managed to convince the German people that he could bring financial progress and change public opinion. The people of Italy were angry because they did not receive the territories promised to them by the Allies in the Treaty of Versailles, which helped Fascism grow.
2. Weimar Republic's Failure: The Weimar Republic failed to establish a strong and stable government in Germany. People became unhappy with it, and Nazism took advantage of this situation.
3. Disillusionment with the Democratic System: German citizens were not happy with how democracy was working. They wanted a strong leader who could improve their difficult situation, so they supported Hitler.
4. The Threat of Communism: Hitler created fear about communism among Germans, explaining it as a major threat to Germany's national identity.
5. Anti-Semitism: Hitler promised Germans that he would get rid of Jewish debts and expel Jews from the country.
6. Hitler's Impressive Programs: Hitler gained the public's trust and support in Germany by introducing effective programs.
Results of Nazism (Effects)

• Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, and other countries joined a unity pact in Geneva out of fear of Hitler.
• Hungary, ignoring the Treaty of Versailles, decided to support Germany.
• Poland formed a friendship with Germany in 1934 AD due to the success of Nazism.
• Communist Russia, fearing Germany's growing military power, joined the League of Nations.
• France was worried about its safety due to Hitler's rise and formed friendships with Italy, Czechoslovakia, and Russia.
• Britain adopted an appeasement policy towards Germany because Hitler was anti-communist. Both Britain and America felt their goals against Soviet Russia were met this way.
• Hitler's success made other European nations feel more insecure.
• Hitler's aggressive personality showed clear signs of an upcoming war.
• Hitler united German-speaking people (caste) in Austria, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, and the Baltic states back into Germany.
• Hitler cancelled the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and began to rearm Germany.
• Hitler signed the 'Anti-Communist Pact' with Japan and Italy, creating the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis.
• To take revenge for the Treaty of Versailles, Germany broke its treaty with Poland and attacked it, which led to the start of World War II.

In simple words: Fascism rose in Italy because people were angry about the Treaty of Versailles, upset with the government after World War I, and Mussolini took advantage of their problems. People also liked his promises and leadership. The effects of Nazism included many countries joining pacts out of fear, Germany rearming and making alliances, and Hitler's actions leading to the start of World War II.

🎯 Exam Tip: When detailing the rise of Fascism, structure your answer by clearly outlining the internal (economic, political instability) and external (Treaty of Versailles) factors. For consequences, list specific actions and diplomatic shifts.

 

Question. What do you think hour Rome-Berlin-Tokyo axis was formed?
Answer: The Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis was formed through a series of agreements. First, Hitler developed a friendship with Italy by helping Italy win the Abyssinian war. Then, on November 21, 1936, Germany signed the Anti-Communism Pact with Japan to form an alliance against communism. Both Germany and Japan opposed any political agreements with Russia, as Russia was seen as an obstacle to their expansion plans. Finally, on November 6, 1937, Italy also joined this pact, formally establishing the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis.
In simple words: The Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis was formed when Germany befriended Italy, then Germany and Japan made an anti-communism pact, and finally, Italy joined them. They all opposed Russia's influence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Trace the formation of the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis by mentioning the key pacts and countries involved, along with their common anti-Russian stance.

 

Question 5. Write the main thoughts of Nazism.
Answer: In Germany, the Nazi party came to power under Hitler's leadership, and its ideology was known as Nazism. The main ideas of Nazism were:

• The state and its symbols were considered supreme, and the leader held absolute authority.
• Followers were expected to support and imitate the dictator, and any rebellion was to be suppressed.
• All power was concentrated in the hands of the leader.
• Emphasis was placed on strict military discipline and a clear hierarchy within the party.
• Freedom of expression was restricted.
• The ideology promoted strong patriotism and encouraged aggressive behavior, resorting to terror when necessary to achieve goals.

In simple words: Nazism believed the state and leader were supreme, demanded full loyalty, kept all power with the leader, stressed military strength, stopped free speech, and used fear to get its way.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the key characteristics of Nazism: absolute power of the leader and state, suppression of dissent, and aggressive nationalism.

 

Question 6. What do you mean by appeasement policy?
Answer: Appeasement policy is a diplomatic strategy used to calm another powerful nation to avoid war. For example, during the rise of Hitler, who was anti-communist, the United States and Britain saw an opportunity to achieve their goals against Soviet Russia. Therefore, they adopted a policy of appeasement towards Germany, hoping it would prevent war with Hitler and weaken communism.
In simple words: Appeasement is a policy where one country tries to avoid war by giving in to another powerful country's demands.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define appeasement as a policy of making concessions to an aggressor to avoid conflict and cite the example of Britain and the US towards Hitler.

 

Question 7. Write a short note on Non-alignment.
Answer: Non-alignment means choosing to be neutral and not supporting any particular political group or military alliance. After World War II, many newly independent nations adopted non-alignment to stay out of the Cold War rivalry between major superpowers. The main goal of non-alignment was to remain separate from major power blocs.
In simple words: Non-alignment means a country chooses to stay neutral and not join any major power groups, especially after wars.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain non-alignment as neutrality and independence from Cold War blocs, highlighting its importance for newly sovereign nations.

 

Question 9. Write the functions of the Secretary General of UNO.
Answer: The Secretary-General is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations. His functions are as follows:

• The Secretary-General participates in all meetings of the UN General Assembly and submits reports to the institution.
• The Secretary-General also performs tasks assigned by the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, and the Trusteeship Council.
• The General Secretary is entirely responsible for the administration of the secretariat.
• His financial duties include preparing the budget, collecting funds from member states, and controlling expenses.
• He suggests measures to the Security Council for maintaining international peace and security.
• The Secretary-General represents the United Nations on the global stage.

In simple words: The UN Secretary-General manages the UN, attends meetings, follows council orders, handles money, suggests peace ideas, and represents the UN to the world.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing the functions of the Secretary-General, focus on their administrative, representative, and peacekeeping roles within the UN structure.

 

Question 10. What is the Human Rights Declaration?
Answer: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 10, 1948. This declaration is a detailed document outlining basic human rights and freedoms. It has 30 articles that ensure no one is discriminated against based on family background, color, gender, language, religion, political views, national origin, wealth, birth, or any other status. Human rights help people live a life free from fear and hunger, ensuring dignity for all.
In simple words: The Human Rights Declaration, adopted in 1948, is a document that lists 30 basic rights and freedoms for everyone, ensuring no discrimination and a life without fear or hunger.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the adoption date (December 10, 1948), the number of articles (30), and the core principle of non-discrimination for the Human Rights Declaration.

 

Question 4. Write causes and consequences of II World War.
Answer: The Second World War began in 1939, twenty years after the First World War. It was a terrible war that brought immense destruction to humanity. The causes of World War II were:

• The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles greatly harmed Germany, taking away its colonies and damaging its trade. Germany sought revenge for this insult, seizing any opportunity against the Allies, which led to the war.
• The rise of dictators like Hitler in Germany and Mussolini in Italy strengthened the conditions that led to World War II.
• Many countries, including America and Soviet Russia, started rearming instead of focusing on international cooperation.
• Nationalism grew stronger in most countries, replacing international interests. This dissolved international security and created conditions for war.
• Britain's appeasement policy towards Germany encouraged dictators. This policy allowed Austria's invasion, violation of Czechoslovakia, and military action in the Rhineland, creating a path for World War II.
• Hitler took advantage of the dissatisfaction of minority groups with the Treaty of Versailles. He negotiated with Western powers, occupied Austria and Sudetenland, and invaded Poland, which marked the start of World War II.
• Nations became disillusioned due to economic crises and engaged in an arms race.
• The world was divided into two main factions, which also contributed to World War II. Germany, Italy, and Japan were not satisfied, while the Allies (Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and America) formed a strong alliance.

Results (effects of II World War): World War II began in 1939 and lasted for six years. The main results were:

• America dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, and on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945.
• After World War II, the world was split into two ideologies: communism and democracy.
• Germany was divided into two parts. Eastern Germany established a communist economy, while Western Germany established a capitalist economy under the Federal Republic.
• The need for state control and action led to the establishment of authoritarian rule everywhere, ending true democracy.
• The world's leadership shifted to two superpowers: the United States of America and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union implemented a communist system, while the US adopted a capitalist and democratic system.
• The Cold War began, marked by accusations between the two superpowers (America and Soviet Russia) and intense political propaganda.
• African and Asian nations adopted the policy of non-alignment, staying separate from the superpowers.
• Nationalism grew stronger, leading many countries to gain independence from British rule, and the colonial era ended.

In simple words: World War II started in 1939 due to unfair treaties, strong dictators, arms races, and countries focusing only on themselves. The war ended with atomic bombs, dividing the world into two main groups (communism and democracy), splitting Germany, creating superpowers, starting the Cold War, and leading to many countries gaining independence.

🎯 Exam Tip: Organize your answer into distinct sections for causes and consequences of World War II. Provide specific examples for each point, such as the Treaty of Versailles for causes and the Cold War for consequences.

 

Question 5. Describe the functions of the main organs of the United Nations Organization (UNO) and its special bodies.
Answer: The United Nations Organization (UNO) was established on October 24, 1945. Its main goal was to maintain international peace and security and prevent aggressive actions. According to Article 4 of the UN Charter, the UNO has six major organs:
1. General Assembly: This is the main administrative body of the UNO, comprising representatives from all member states. Its key functions are:

• Passing the budget.
• Electing members.
• Receiving reports from other UN organs.
• Promoting human welfare.
• Working towards international peace and security.
• Considering the entry, removal, etc., of member countries.

2. Security Council: This is the executive body of the UNO, with 5 permanent and 10 temporary members, totaling 15 members. Its main role is to identify and address disputes that threaten world peace. It also regulates weapons production and deployment and takes action against national invasions.
3. Economic and Social Council: This institution aims to free the world from poverty. Its main functions are:

• Creating favorable conditions for economic and social development.
• Committing to implementing fundamental freedoms.
• Transmitting records of related committees to the General Assembly.
• Sending information to the Security Council.
• Carrying out tasks assigned by the General Assembly.

4. Trusteeship Council: Its main functions are to oversee the administration of trust territories and ensure their progress towards self-governance or independence.
5. International Court of Justice: This is the judicial branch of the UNO, headquartered in The Hague. It has 15 judges and three types of jurisdiction:

• Voluntary jurisdiction
• Compulsory jurisdiction
• Advisory jurisdiction

6. Secretariat: The United Nations General Secretary is its chief administrative officer. The Secretary-General supervises the secretariat's administration and hires staff. Trygve Lie was the first Secretary-General, and Ban Ki-moon was a later Secretary-General of the UNO.
Specific bodies of UNO: The specific bodies of UNO are:

• UNESCO: Established on November 4, 1946. Its main functions are to advance science, make knowledge global, and ensure it is accessible to everyone. Its headquarters is in Paris.
• International Labour Organization (ILO): Founded on April 11, 1919, based on the Treaty of Versailles conditions. Its headquarters is in Geneva. It collects information about global laborers and publishes reports.
• Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO): Established on October 16, 1945. Its functions are to increase food production and distribution, and improve the living standards of rural populations.
• World Health Organization (WHO): Established on April 7, 1948. It helps member countries improve public health.
• International Monetary Fund (IMF): Established in December 1945. Its headquarters is in Washington. Its main function is the economic development of member countries.
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD): Also known as the World Bank, it was established in June 1946. Its headquarters is in Washington. It provides loans to member countries for development.
• UNICEF: Established in 1946 to provide aid to children. Its main office is in New York.
• World Trade Organization (WTO): Established on January 1, 1995. Its headquarters is in Geneva, and it serves as a platform for discussions on future trade and tariff issues.

In simple words: The UNO was started in 1945 to keep world peace. Its six main parts are: General Assembly (makes decisions), Security Council (keeps peace), Economic and Social Council (helps development), Trusteeship Council (guides territories), International Court of Justice (solves legal issues), and Secretariat (manages daily work). It also has special groups like UNESCO (education/science), ILO (labor rights), FAO (food), WHO (health), IMF (money), World Bank (loans), UNICEF (children), and WTO (trade).

🎯 Exam Tip: For comprehensive questions like this, list each main organ and then briefly explain its primary functions. For special bodies, name them and state their core purpose. Use clear headings or bullet points to structure your answer.