RBSE Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 33 Animal Tissue

RBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 33 Multiple Choice Objective Questions

 

Question 1. Blood is a
a. Epithelial tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Nervous tissue
d. Not a tissue
Answer: (b) Connective tissue
In simple words: Blood connects different parts of the body, carrying substances like oxygen and nutrients, which is why it's a type of connective tissue.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the four main types of animal tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous. Blood falls under connective tissue.

 

Question 2. The muscle which never undergo muscle fatigue
a. Striated muscle
b. Unstriped muscle
c. Cardiac muscle
d. None of the options
Answer: (c) Cardiac muscle
In simple words: The heart muscle works all the time without getting tired, unlike other muscles in our body.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the characteristics of different muscle types: skeletal (striated, voluntary), smooth (unstriated, involuntary), and cardiac (striated, involuntary, fatigue-resistant).

 

Question 4. Unipolar neurons are found in
a. In whole body
b. Brain
c. Spinal cord
d. Retina
Answer: (d) Retina
In simple words: Unipolar neurons have only one fiber coming out from the cell body and are typically found in the retina of the eye.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the different types of neurons (unipolar, bipolar, multipolar) and their typical locations in the body.

 

Question 5. Medullated nerve has covering of
a. Proteins
b. Fat
c. Carbohydrate
d. Epithelium
Answer: (b) Fat
In simple words: Nerves with a myelin sheath are covered by a fatty layer that helps electrical signals travel faster.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall that the myelin sheath, which covers medullated nerves, is primarily made of lipids (fat) and proteins, providing insulation.

 

RBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 33 Very Short Answer Questions

 

Question 1. What is called the functional junction between two neuron?
Answer: Synapse is the functional junction between two neurons.
In simple words: The tiny gap where one nerve cell passes a signal to another nerve cell is called a synapse.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define "synapse" clearly and mention its role in nerve impulse transmission.

 

Question 2. Give example of liquid connective tissue.
Answer: Blood and lymph are examples of liquid connective tissue.
In simple words: Blood and lymph are body fluids that connect and transport things, so they are liquid connective tissues.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that blood is the most common example of liquid connective tissue; lymph is another important one.

 

Question 3. Where are Nissl's bodies found?
Answer: Nissl's bodies are found in the cytoplasm of neurons, specifically in the cyton (cell body) and dendrites.
In simple words: These small, dark spots are inside the main part of nerve cells and their branches.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know that Nissl's bodies are rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) aggregates, important for protein synthesis in neurons.

 

Question 4. What is the main role of globulin proteins in the blood?
Answer: The main role of globulin proteins in the blood is the formation of antibodies, which help in immunity.
In simple words: Globulin proteins in blood help make germ-fighting antibodies to keep us healthy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Recall that globulins are key plasma proteins, with gamma globulins specifically known for their role as antibodies in the immune system.

 

Question 5. Which cells secrete the protein essential for growth of cartilage?
Answer: Chondrioblasts are the cells that secrete the protein essential for the growth of cartilage.
In simple words: Special cells called chondrioblasts make the protein needed for cartilage to grow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between chondrioblasts (immature, matrix-secreting cells) and chondriocytes (mature cartilage cells).

 

Question 6. Write the name of structural and functional unit of nervous system?
Answer: The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron.
In simple words: A neuron is the basic building block and working part of our nervous system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state that the neuron is the fundamental unit for transmitting nerve impulses.

 

Question 7. Where are the Schwann cells found?
Answer: Schwann cells are found forming the neurolemma of the axon, especially around peripheral nerve fibers.
In simple words: Schwann cells wrap around nerve fibers outside the brain and spinal cord, creating a protective layer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that Schwann cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system, while oligodendrocytes perform this role in the central nervous system.

 

Question 8. Give example of striated involuntary muscle.
Answer: Cardiac muscle is an example of striated involuntary muscle.
In simple words: The heart muscle has stripes (striations) but we cannot control it (involuntary).

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that cardiac muscle is unique for being both striated and involuntary, unlike skeletal (striated, voluntary) and smooth (unstriated, involuntary) muscles.

 

Question 9. What is the amount of hemoglobin in 100 ml of blood of a healthy person?
Answer: The amount of hemoglobin in 100 ml of blood in a healthy person is typically about 12-16 grams. (Specifically, 14-16 gm% for men and 12-14 gm% for women).
In simple words: In 100 ml of blood, a healthy person has around 12 to 16 grams of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide a range for hemoglobin levels, and note the slight difference between males and females if possible.

 

Question 11. Matrix of cartilage is made up of which protein?
Answer: The matrix of cartilage is primarily made up of Chondrin protein.
In simple words: Cartilage is made strong and flexible by a special protein called chondrin.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate "chondrin" with cartilage matrix, similar to how "osseoin" is associated with bone matrix.

 

Question 12. Give the life span of RBC.
Answer: The life span of a Red Blood Cell (RBC) is typically between 50 to 120 days.
In simple words: Red blood cells live for about 50 to 120 days before new ones replace them.

🎯 Exam Tip: State the typical lifespan and remember that old RBCs are destroyed in the spleen and liver.

 

Question 13. Name the WBC that secrete heparin.
Answer: Basophils are the White Blood Cells (WBCs) that secrete heparin.
In simple words: Basophils are the white blood cells that release heparin, a substance that helps prevent blood clotting.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember basophils also secrete histamine, playing a role in allergic reactions and inflammation.

 

Question 14. Name the blood cells that participate in blood clotting.
Answer: Platelets are the blood cells that participate in blood clotting.
In simple words: Platelets are tiny blood cells that rush to an injury to help stop bleeding by forming a clot.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know that platelets, also called thrombocytes, are crucial for hemostasis (stopping bleeding).

 

Question 15. Which tissue has intercalated discs.
Answer: Cardiac muscle tissue has intercalated discs.
In simple words: Intercalated discs are special connections found only in heart muscle tissue, helping heart cells work together.

🎯 Exam Tip: Intercalated discs are a distinctive feature of cardiac muscle, allowing rapid communication and synchronized contraction.

 

Question 16. Name the cells of the nervous system.
Answer: The main cells of the nervous system are Neurons and Glial cells (or neuroglia).
In simple words: The nervous system is made of neurons that send signals and glial cells that support them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that neurons are the functional units, while glial cells provide structural and metabolic support.

 

RBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 33 Short Answer Questions

 

Question 1. Differentiate between bone and cartilage.
Answer: Bone and cartilage are both connective tissues but have key differences in their structure and composition, as outlined in the table below:

In simple words: Bones are hard and contain cells like osteoblasts and osteocytes, with a protein called ossein, and have Haversian systems. Cartilages are softer and more flexible, with chondrioblasts and chondriocytes, and a protein called chondrin, but no Haversian systems.

🎯 Exam Tip: When differentiating, always use a comparative table or clearly state contrasting points for each feature to score full marks.

 

Question 2. Which are called as voluntary muscles & why?
Answer: Skeletal muscles are called voluntary muscles because their movements can be consciously controlled by our will. For example, we decide when to move our arms or legs.
In simple words: Skeletal muscles are called voluntary muscles because we can choose when to move them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that skeletal muscles are attached to bones and are responsible for all conscious body movements.

 

Question 3. What will be the effect on the body when the formation of lymph corpuscles stops?
Answer: When the formation of lymph corpuscles stops, the body's immunity will be reduced or lost. This is because lymph plays a crucial role in immune responses.
In simple words: If lymph corpuscles stop forming, our body will lose its ability to fight off sickness and germs.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the direct link between lymph (and its corpuscles) and the immune system's function, especially in fighting infections.

 

Question 4. What is Haversian's system?
Answer: Haversian's system refers to the arrangement of lamellae (concentric layers of bone matrix) around a central Haversian canal, found in mammalian bones.
In simple words: Haversian system is a special pattern of bone layers around a central tube found inside bones of mammals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know that the Haversian system (osteon) is the fundamental functional unit of compact bone tissue.

 

Question 5. Explain the structure of cardiac muscles.
Answer: Cardiac muscles are special muscles found only in the heart. Their muscle fibers are elongated, thread-like, and branched. They have light and dark bands (striations) but function involuntarily, meaning we cannot control them. They also possess special intercalated discs, which help in rapid communication between cells. Cardiac muscles never get fatigued and perform aerobic respiration continuously.
In simple words: Cardiac muscles are heart muscles that are long, branched, and striped. They work all the time without getting tired and we cannot control them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the key features of cardiac muscle: striations, involuntary control, branching, intercalated discs, and fatigue resistance.

 

Question 7. Write the functions of chondrioblasts & chondriocytes.
Answer: Chondrioblasts are immature cells that actively secrete the matrix of cartilage, thus contributing to cartilage formation and growth. Chondriocytes are mature cartilage cells that maintain the cartilage matrix and are responsible for its health and repair.
In simple words: Chondrioblasts make new cartilage material, while chondriocytes are older cells that keep the cartilage healthy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the distinction: "-blast" cells build tissue, and "-cyte" cells maintain it.

 

Question 8. What are the functions of the constituents of blood plasma?
Answer: The constituents of blood plasma have various functions. Plasma proteins (like albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen) help in maintaining blood volume and pressure, forming antibodies for immunity, and aiding in blood clotting. Glucose provides energy, fatty acids and glycerol are energy sources, enzymes regulate metabolic activities, urea is an excretory product, inorganic ions maintain pH and osmotic balance, and gases like \( O_2 \) are used in respiration. Here is a breakdown of some key constituents:

In simple words: Blood plasma contains proteins for blood thickness and defense, glucose for energy, fats for fuel, enzymes for body reactions, waste products to be removed, salts for balance, and gases for breathing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Categorize the plasma constituents (proteins, nutrients, waste, ions, gases) and their respective primary roles for a comprehensive answer.

 

Question 9. What is lymph? Which type of tissue it is?
Answer: Lymph is a liquid connective tissue that is pale yellow in color. It is similar to blood plasma but without red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets. Lymph contains a higher number of white blood cells (WBCs) compared to blood. It forms the lymphatic system and is found in the interstitial spaces between cells, helping to drain excess fluid and immune cells.
In simple words: Lymph is a yellowish liquid tissue, like blood without red cells, found between body cells, and it helps with immunity.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on lymph's composition (no RBCs, more WBCs) and its primary functions (fluid balance, immunity, fat absorption).

 

Question 10. Give an account of elastic cartilage.
Answer: Elastic cartilage is a type of cartilage whose matrix contains yellow elastic fibers that are branched. This gives it great flexibility and resilience. It is found in specific body parts such as the pinna (outer ear), epiglottis (a flap in the throat), and the tip of the nose, where flexibility and structural support are both needed.
In simple words: Elastic cartilage is a flexible cartilage that has stretchy fibers. It is found in places like our ears and nose tip.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember elastic cartilage provides both support and elasticity, crucial for structures that need to bend and return to shape.

 

Question 11. Give an account of calcified cartilage.
Answer: Calcified cartilage is a type of hyaline cartilage where calcium salts are deposited within its matrix. This process makes the cartilage harder and more bone-like. It is typically found in older individuals or in areas undergoing transition to bone.
In simple words: Calcified cartilage is a firm cartilage that has calcium added to it, making it harder, often seen in older age.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that calcification makes cartilage less flexible and often precedes ossification (bone formation).

 

Question 12. Give the salient features of epithelial tissue.
Answer: Epithelial tissue forms coverings for body organs, both on the outside and inside. Its cells are closely packed with very little or no intercellular space, and thus, intercellular fluid is absent or minimal. A glycoprotein-containing hyaluronic acid forms the intercellular cementing material. Epithelial tissues can have one or more layers of cells, which vary in height (e.g., squamous, cuboidal, columnar). They always rest on a basement membrane. Important cellular connections found between epithelial cells include tight junctions (mainly in columnar epithelium) and intercellular bridges (button-like structures with tonofibrils, mainly in transitional epithelium).
In simple words: Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines organs. Its cells are tightly packed, have little space between them, and sit on a basement membrane. These cells can be flat, cube-shaped, or tall, and are connected by special junctions.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the key characteristics: closely packed cells, basement membrane, little intercellular matrix, and covering/lining function.

 

Question 13. Draw a labelled diagram of neuron.
Answer: (The answer involves drawing a detailed labelled diagram of a neuron, which cannot be rendered in SVG given its complexity as a biological illustration. Please refer to Fig. 33.22: Structure of Nerve Cell in your textbook for the visual representation.)
In simple words: This question needs a drawing that shows all the parts of a nerve cell with labels.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice drawing and labeling all parts of a neuron, including the cell body (cyton), nucleus, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, Schwann cells, and nodes of Ranvier.

 

Question 14. Write the function of muscle tissue.
Answer: Muscle tissue plays a crucial role in enabling various body parts to move and in overall locomotion. It also helps in maintaining posture, producing heat, and facilitating the movement of substances within the body, such as blood circulation and food digestion.
In simple words: Muscle tissue helps our body move, keep posture, make heat, and move things inside like blood and food.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the primary functions of muscle tissue: movement, posture, heat generation, and substance transport.

 

RBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 33 Essay Type Questions

 

Question 1. Where are the medullated multipolar neurons found? Give their structure with help of labelled diagram.
Answer: Multipolar neurons are characterized by having one axon and two or more dendrites. Medullated multipolar neurons are commonly found in the brain and spinal cord. Their cytoplasm, known as neuroplasm, contains special Nissl's bodies, a nucleus, and other organelles, but lacks a centrosome.
The axon of these neurons is covered by a whitish, non-cellular myelin sheath, primarily made of sphingolipids, with a neurolemma outside it. The myelin sheath is not continuous; it has gaps called nodes of Ranvier. The segment between two nodes is an internode, and the neurolemma of each internode is formed by a Schwann cell. Collateral fibers can branch off the axon at certain points.
Neurons form nerves with the help of synapses. Nerves are categorized into three types:

• Sensory nerves: These transmit nerve impulses from sense organs to the brain.
• Motor nerves: These transmit nerve impulses from the brain to muscles or glands.
• Mixed nerves: These can transmit nerve impulses in both directions.

(The answer also requires a detailed labelled diagram of a neuron, specifically showing unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar types, which cannot be rendered in SVG given its complexity as a biological illustration. Please refer to Fig. 33.23: Types of Neurons in your textbook for the visual representation.)
In simple words: Medullated multipolar neurons are common in the brain and spinal cord. They have one long fiber (axon) with a fatty cover (myelin sheath) and many branching fibers (dendrites). They help send signals and make up three types of nerves: sensory, motor, and mixed.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing neuron structure, remember to include key components like the axon, dendrites, myelin sheath, nodes of Ranvier, and their respective functions. For diagrams, focus on clear labeling and accurate representation of the different neuron types.

 

Question 2. Describe the different types of blood corpuscles and their functions.
Answer: Blood corpuscles, which make up 40% to 45% of the total blood volume, are primarily of three types: Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs), White Blood Corpuscles (WBCs), and Platelets.

1. Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs) or Erythrocytes:
RBCs are round, disc-like, biconcave, and lack a nucleus. They are filled with hemoglobin, a red-colored conjugated protein responsible for transporting oxygen. One hemoglobin molecule can carry four oxygen molecules. RBCs are formed in the red bone marrow and have a lifespan of 50 to 120 days. A healthy person typically has about 50-55 lakh RBCs per mm³ (men) and 50 lakh per mm³ (women), with hemoglobin levels around 14-16 gm% for men and 12-14 gm% for women. Old RBCs are removed and destroyed in the liver and spleen, the latter often called the "graveyard of RBCs."

2. White Blood Corpuscles (WBCs) or Leucocytes:
WBCs are colorless, nucleated, and polymorphic cells, meaning they can change shape. They are larger than RBCs and are formed in the red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. Their count is about 10,000 per mm³. WBCs perform various protective functions:

• (a) They protect the body from diseases by directly killing germs.
• (b) They aid in immunity by helping to form antibodies.
• (c) They assist in the healing of wounds.

WBCs are broadly classified into two main types: Granulocytes and Agranulocytes.

Granulocytes: Their cytoplasm contains granules, and their nuclei are polymorphic.

• Neutrophils: These make up about 65% of total WBCs, have multi-lobed nuclei, and stain with neutral dyes. They are phagocytic, engulfing pathogens.
• Eosinophils or Acidophils: About 2.8% of WBCs, with bilobed nuclei, staining with acidic dyes like Eosin. They are involved in allergic reactions and fighting parasitic infections.
• Basophils: The least common (0.2% of WBCs), staining with basic dyes like hematoxylin. They are also known as mast cells in blood and secrete heparin (anticoagulant), histamine (inflammatory), and serotonin.

(Note: The original document states "without granules & they are two types-" implying a description of Agranulocytes should follow. However, only Platelets are described next.)

3. Platelets or Thrombocytes:
Platelets are formed in the red bone marrow from large cells called megakaryocytes. They are irregular in shape and size and are not complete cells in mammals. Their number is about 3 lakh per mm³, and their lifespan is 2 to 4 days. Platelets primarily contain thromboplastin, which is essential for blood clotting.
(The answer also refers to a diagram of blood cells showing RBC, Platelets, Granulocytes (Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil) and Agranulocytes (Monocyte, Lymphocyte). Please refer to the corresponding figure in your textbook for the visual representation.)
In simple words: Blood has three main types of cells: red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight germs, and platelets help stop bleeding. Each type has a special job to keep us healthy.

🎯 Exam Tip: For each type of blood corpuscle, remember its structure (nucleated/non-nucleated, shape), number, formation site, lifespan, and main function to provide a complete answer.

 

Question 3. Draw a labelled diagram of T.S. of mammalian bone.
Answer: (The answer involves drawing a detailed labelled diagram of a transverse section (T.S.) of mammalian bone, which cannot be rendered in SVG given its complexity as a biological illustration. Please refer to Fig. 33.15: Mammalian bone (T.S.) in your textbook for the visual representation.)
In simple words: This question needs a drawing that shows a cross-section of a mammal's bone with all its parts clearly marked.

🎯 Exam Tip: Practice drawing the Haversian system, lamellae, osteocytes in lacunae, and canaliculi to accurately represent the compact bone structure.

 

Question 4. What is sarcomere? Explain the structure of striated muscle with the help of suitable diagram.
Answer: A sarcomere is the fundamental functional unit of a striated (striped) muscle, responsible for muscle contraction. It is the region between two successive Z-lines.
Striated muscles, also known as striped or skeletal muscles, are attached to bones by tendons or aponeurosis. They are voluntary in function, meaning we can consciously control their movements. The muscle fiber itself is long, thread-like, unbranched, and multinucleated. Each muscle fiber is a muscle cell bounded by a sarcolemma, and its cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm.
Inside the muscle fiber are myofibrils, arranged in parallel, composed of contractile proteins: actin (thin filaments) and myosin (thick filaments). These proteins give the muscle its characteristic light (I-band or isotropic band) and dark (A-band or anisotropic band) bands. A Z-line runs through the center of the I-band. During muscle contraction, the myosin filaments remain stationary while the actin filaments slide over them, causing the sarcomere to shorten.
(The answer also requires a suitable labelled diagram explaining the structure of striated muscle, which cannot be rendered in SVG given its complexity as a biological illustration. Please refer to Fig. 33.20: Structure of Striped muscle in your textbook for the visual representation.)
In simple words: A sarcomere is the smallest part of a muscle that contracts. Striated muscles are voluntary muscles attached to bones, made of long fibers with light and dark bands. These fibers have tiny parts called actin and myosin that slide past each other to make the muscle shorten and move.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly define sarcomere and describe the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments, along with the A, I, and Z bands, in a striated muscle for a complete explanation.

 

Question 5. Cartilages are of how many types? Give the structure of hyalin cartilage.
Answer: Cartilages are generally classified into four main types: Hyaline cartilage, Elastic cartilage, Fibrous cartilage, and Calcified cartilage. These cartilages are bounded by a perichondrium.

Structure of Hyaline Cartilage:
Hyaline cartilage is the most common type and appears clear, semi-transparent, and light blue in color. Its matrix is elastic but typically without prominent fibers. It is primarily composed of chondrin protein and collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage is found in various places like the hyoid bone, tracheal rings, larynx, and the ends of long bones and ribs. It is also the type of cartilage where calcium salts can be deposited, leading to calcification.
(The answer also refers to a diagram of Hyalin cartilage (T.S.). Please refer to Fig. 33.17: Hyalin cartilage (T.S.) in your textbook for the visual representation.)
In simple words: There are four types of cartilage: hyaline, elastic, fibrous, and calcified. Hyaline cartilage is clear, slightly blue, and flexible, found in our windpipe and joints. Its cells sit in a matrix made of chondrin protein.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing types of cartilage, briefly mention a key characteristic and location for each. For hyaline cartilage, focus on its appearance, matrix composition, and common locations.

 

Question 5. Cartilages are of how many types? Give the structure of hyalin cartilage.
Answer: Cartilages are a type of connective tissue. Their structure depends on their components.
They contain a matrix and chondrioblasts cells.
The matrix is made up of chondrin protein and collagen fibres. Some cartilages also have additional components in their matrix.

• The cartilage is surrounded by a perichondrium.
• There are mainly four types of cartilages:

(i) Hyaline cartilage

• Its matrix is clear, semi-transparent, and light blue.
• It is elastic and does not contain fibres in its matrix.
• Hyaline cartilage is found in the hyoid bone, tracheal rings, larynx, and at the ends of leg bones and ribs.
• This type of cartilage can have calcium salts deposited in its matrix.

(ii) Elastic cartilage

• Its matrix has yellow elastic fibres that are branched.
• It is found in the pinna (outer ear), epiglottis, and the tip of the nose.

(iii) Fibrous cartilage

• Its matrix has bundles of white collagen fibres which are unbranched.
• This type of cartilage is very strong and resilient.

In simple words: Cartilages are strong, flexible tissues found in the body. They are classified into four main types, including hyaline, elastic, and fibrous, based on their makeup and where they are located. Hyaline cartilage, for example, is clear and found in places like the nose and windpipe.

🎯 Exam Tip: When describing cartilage types, clearly state their distinguishing features (e.g., matrix composition, presence of fibres) and provide specific examples of their location in the body for full marks.