RBSE Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 29 Classification of Animals

 

RBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 29 Multiple Choice Objective Questions

 

Question 1. The branch of zoology that deals with the classification and its evolutionary relations-
(a) Physiology
(b) Histology
(c) Morphology
(d) Taxonomy
Answer: (d) Taxonomy
In simple words: Taxonomy is the field of science that studies how living things are grouped and how these groups are connected through evolution. It helps us organize all life forms.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that taxonomy is not just about naming, but also about understanding the natural relationships and evolutionary history of organisms.

 

Question 2. Smallest unit of animal classification
(a) Genus
(b) Phylum
(c) Species
(d) Order
Answer: (c) Species
In simple words: The smallest way to classify animals is by their species. Animals in the same species are very similar and can have babies together.

🎯 Exam Tip: A key concept for species is that members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring, maintaining their genetic distinctness.

 

Question 4. Father of modern classification-
(a) D. Condelle
(b) Hucker
(c) Hutchison
(d) Linnaeus
Answer: (d) Linnaeus
In simple words: Carl Linnaeus is known as the father of modern classification because he created the system we use today to name and group living things.

🎯 Exam Tip: Carl Linnaeus introduced the system of binomial nomenclature, which is the two-part naming system for species, still used worldwide.

 

Question 5. Which of the following exhibits least similarities-
(a) Class
(b) Genus
(c) Species
(d) Family
Answer: (a) Class
In simple words: When you compare a class to a genus, species, or family, a class contains animals that are less similar to each other than those in the other groups. It's a much broader category.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the hierarchy of classification: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. The higher the rank, the fewer similarities between its members.

 

RBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 29 Very Short Answer Questions

 

Question 1. Which phylum shows cellular grade of organization?
Answer: Porifera shows a cellular grade of organization. This means their bodies are made of many cells, but these cells are not organized into tissues or organs.
In simple words: The Porifera phylum, which includes sponges, has a cellular organization where cells work together but don't form true tissues.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand the different grades of organization: cellular, tissue, organ, and organ system, as they are fundamental to animal classification.

 

Question 2. Which type of symmetry is found in the chordates.
Answer: Deuterostomia is a developmental characteristic found in chordates. This refers to the way their mouth forms during early development.
In simple words: Chordates develop in a way called Deuterostomia, which means their anus forms before their mouth during their early growth stages.

🎯 Exam Tip: While Deuterostomia refers to an embryological feature, chordates also exhibit bilateral symmetry, meaning their body can be divided into two mirror-image halves.

 

Question 4. In animal, the true coelom first appeared in which phylum.
Answer: The true coelom first appeared in the Annelida phylum. These animals have a body cavity fully lined by mesoderm.
In simple words: Annelida, which are segmented worms, were the first animals to have a true coelom, which is a fluid-filled body space.

🎯 Exam Tip: A true coelom is important because it allows for greater organ development and efficient movement, separating the gut from the body wall.

 

Question 5. Who is called as father of zoology
Answer: Aristotle is known as the father of zoology. He was one of the first people to study animals scientifically and write about them.
In simple words: Aristotle is called the father of zoology because he was a very early and important scientist who studied animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Aristotle's observations and classifications, though ancient, laid a foundational framework for later biological studies.

 

Question 6. The branch of science that deals with the animals.
Answer: Zoology is the branch of science that specifically deals with animals. It covers everything about them, from their structure to their behavior.
In simple words: Zoology is the science that focuses on studying animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the basic definitions of different branches of biology, such as zoology (animals), botany (plants), and ecology (interactions).

 

Question 7. The two parts in binomial nomenclature stands for what?
Answer: In binomial nomenclature, the two parts stand for Genus and Species. The first part is the genus name, and the second is the species name.
In simple words: The two names in a scientific name tell you the animal's Genus and its Species.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always capitalize the genus name and write the species name in lowercase. Both parts should be italicized when typed or underlined when handwritten.

 

Question 8. The scientific name of Indian crow.
Answer: The scientific name of the Indian crow is Corvus splendens splendens. This name helps scientists worldwide know exactly which bird is being referred to.
In simple words: The scientific name for the Indian crow is Corvus splendens splendens.

🎯 Exam Tip: Trinomial nomenclature, like in this case, adds a third name for a subspecies when there are distinct groups within a species.

 

Question 9. Mammals are kept in which kingdom of five kingdom classification.
Answer: Mammals are kept in the kingdom Anemalia (Animalia) in the five-kingdom classification system. This kingdom includes all animals.
In simple words: Mammals belong to the Animalia kingdom in the five-kingdom grouping of living things.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia, and key characteristics of each.

 

Question 11. The triploblastic phylum which is without coelom.
Answer: The triploblastic phylum without a coelom is Platyhelminthese (Platyhelminthes). These are flatworms with three germ layers but no body cavity.
In simple words: Flatworms, called Platyhelminthes, are animals with three cell layers but no fluid-filled space inside their body.

🎯 Exam Tip: Triploblastic refers to animals developing from three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm). Acoelomates lack a body cavity, so linking these terms helps identify the phylum.

 

Question 12. Write the names of three germ layers found in the animals.
Answer: The three germ layers found in animals are Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm. These layers develop during early embryonic stages and give rise to different tissues and organs.
In simple words: The three main cell layers in early animal development are the Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand what each germ layer typically develops into. For instance, ectoderm forms skin and nerves, mesoderm forms muscles and bones, and endoderm forms the digestive tract lining.

 

RBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 29 Short Answer Questions

 

Question 1. Given the modem definition of "Species"
Answer: A species is the smallest unit used in classification. It is a group of similar animals that can breed together and produce young ones that are also able to reproduce (fertile offspring). Sometimes, animals of the same species might look a little different because of where they live or the environment. Because of this, species can be further divided into subspecies. Members of a specific species usually share these characteristics:
• They look very similar in their body shape and features.
• They can mate with each other and have fertile babies.
• They come from the same kind of parents.
In simple words: A species is a group of very similar animals that can breed with each other and have fertile young. They also share common features and parents.

🎯 Exam Tip: The ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring is the most crucial part of the biological species concept, distinguishing it from simply looking similar.

 

Question 2. Define "taxonomy".
Answer: Taxonomy is the study of the main ideas and rules for how to classify living things. It involves setting up the principles and guidelines for naming and grouping organisms.
In simple words: Taxonomy is the science of classifying living things, which includes finding the rules for how to group them.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that taxonomy involves identification, nomenclature (naming), and classification (grouping) of organisms, based on their characteristics.

 

Question 4. Write two salient features of kingdom protista.
Answer: Three important features of the Kingdom Protista are that its members are unicellular, eukaryotic (have a true nucleus), and many are protozoans. This group is very diverse.
In simple words: Protists are typically single-celled organisms with a nucleus, like protozoans.

🎯 Exam Tip: Protists are often called the "catch-all" kingdom because they include diverse organisms that don't fit into other eukaryotic kingdoms (animals, plants, fungi).

 

Question 5. Write the texa of classification in sequence with examples.
Answer: The levels (taxa) of classification are arranged from largest to smallest, with examples for humans (Man) and houseflies (House Fly):
Kingdom: This is the largest group in classification. All animals are placed in the kingdom "Anemalia" (Animalia), and plants are in "Plantae". For example, here's how humans and house flies are classified:

In simple words: Living things are sorted into groups from largest to smallest: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. Humans and houseflies are examples of how this system works.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the order of the taxonomic hierarchy (King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti) and practice classifying a few common organisms.

 

Question 6. Write the names of five kingdom of the organisms.
Answer: The names of the five kingdoms of organisms are Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungie (Fungi), and Animalia. This system helps organize all known life forms.
In simple words: The five main groups for all living things are Monera, Protista, Plants, Fungi, and Animals.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be able to briefly describe one or two key characteristics for each of the five kingdoms, such as Monera being prokaryotic and unicellular.

 

Question 7. Differentiate acoelomate & pseudocoelomate.
Answer:
Pseudocoelomate: These animals have a body cavity located between the ectoderm and endoderm layers. However, this cavity is not fully lined by mesoderm. An example is Aschelminthese (roundworms).
In simple words: Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity, but it's not completely surrounded by a special tissue layer from the mesoderm.

🎯 Exam Tip: To differentiate clearly, remember that a true coelom (eucoelomate) is fully lined by mesoderm, while a pseudocoelom is only partially lined, and acoelomates have no body cavity at all.

 

Question 8. Write the names of the groups of animals on the basis of body cavity.
Answer: The body cavity, called the coelom, forms during an animal's early development between the ectoderm and endoderm layers. It might or might not be lined by mesoderm, or it could be completely absent in some animals. The presence, absence, and type of coelom are basic features used to classify animals.
Based on their body cavity, animals are grouped into:
• Acoelomate
• Pseudocoelomate
• Eucoelomate
In simple words: Animals are grouped by whether they have a body cavity (coelom) and what kind it is. The groups are acoelomate (no cavity), pseudocoelomate (false cavity), and eucoelomate (true cavity).

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the coelom's lining (or lack thereof) is key. Fully lined by mesoderm is eucoelomate, partially lined is pseudocoelomate, and no cavity is acoelomate.

 

RBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 29 Essay Type Questions

 

Question 1. What is binomial nomenclature? Explain with the help of examples.
Answer: Binomial nomenclature is a modern system for naming living things, introduced by Carolus Linnaeus in 1758. He published this system in the 10th edition of his book, Systema Naturae. According to this system, every animal is given a scientific name with two parts:
• The scientific name of an animal has two parts. The first part represents the genus of the animal and is called the generic name. The second part indicates the species and is known as the specific name.
• Scientific names are written in Latin, which means they are "latinized" words.
• The scientific name must always be written in italics or underlined separately when handwritten.
• The generic name (first part) starts with a capital letter, while the specific name (second part) begins with a small letter.
• If the name of the person who discovered or described the species (the author) is included, it should appear after the specific name and should not be italicized.
• Sometimes, the generic and specific names can be the same, like Catla catla or Gorilla gorilla. Also, common names can be similar to generic names, such as "gorilla" being the generic name for a gorilla.
Example:

In simple words: Binomial nomenclature is a two-name system for living things. The first name is the genus, and the second is the species. They are written in Latin, with the genus capitalized and the whole name italicized or underlined.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the two components of the name (genus and species) and emphasize the rules for capitalization and italicization for full marks.

 

Question 2. Given an account of rules given by International congress for the nomenclature of the animals.
Answer:
International Code of Nomenclature: In 1898, an international congress set up a commission to create an international code for naming plants (Botanical) and animals (Zoological). This commission proposed rules in 1901, which were updated in 1964. Here are some of these rules:
• The zoological (scientific) name should always be Latinized, meaning it uses Latin words or words treated as Latin.
• Every animal must be given a zoological name following either the binomial (two-part) or trinomial (three-part) system.
• The first letter of the genus name must always be a capital letter.
• The first letter of the species name must always be a small letter.
• The scientific name should be printed in italics or underlined separately when written.
• If a subspecies is named, its name always comes after the species name.
• If many scientific names have been given to the same animal by different authors, the name used first (before Linnaeus's "Systema Naturae," 10th edition in 1758) is considered valid.
• If the name of the discoverer or author is mentioned, it appears at the end of the scientific name.
• Two different genera should not have the same name. Similarly, two species within a genus should not have the same name. However, a species name can appear many times across different genera. For example, *Elephas indicus* (Indian elephant) and *Bos indicus* (cow) both use "indicus" as the species epithet but belong to different genera.
• The suffix "-idae" should be added to a genus name to form a family name, and "-inae" should be added to a genus name to create a subfamily name.
In simple words: International rules for naming animals say that scientific names must be Latin, have two or three parts (genus and species), start genus with a capital, species with a small letter, and be italicized or underlined. There are also rules about author names and naming conflicts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on understanding the primary rules of scientific naming, such as the use of Latin, binomial format, capitalization, and italicization, as these are frequently tested.

 

Question 3. Explain the process of formation of coelom with the help of labelled diagram.
Answer:
Coelom: The coelom is a body cavity that forms during the embryonic development of an animal. It develops between the ectoderm and endoderm germ layers. This cavity may or may not be lined by mesoderm, or it might be completely absent in some animals. The coelom is also called a true coelom and its formation depends on its origin:
(a) Schizocoelomate: This type of true coelom forms when the mesoderm layer splits during embryonic development. The mesoderm along with the ectoderm (which forms the body wall) is known as somatic mesoderm. The mesoderm along with the endoderm (which forms the alimentary canal) is called splanchnic mesoderm. Examples include Annelida, Arthropoda, and Mollusca.
(b) Enterocoelomate: This true coelom forms as a pouch that grows out from the endoderm. In a similar way, the mesoderm layer with the ectoderm is called somatopleur, and with the endoderm it is called splanchnopleur. Examples include Echinodermata and Chordata.

In simple words: The coelom is a body space that develops from germ layers during an animal's growth. It can form by the splitting of the mesoderm (Schizocoelomate) or by pouches from the endoderm (Enterocoelomate).

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between schizocoelomates and enterocoelomates by their developmental origins, as this is a fundamental difference in animal embryology.

 

Question 5. Describe in brief the basic features used in animal classification.
Answer: Taxonomists classify animals based on several important features. The five main basic features are:
1. Symmetry: Animals show different levels of organization, from just cells to tissues, organs, and organ systems. They also have different types of body symmetry:
* Asymmetrical: The animal's body cannot be divided into two equal parts by any cut through its length. Example: Sponges (Phylum-Porifera).
* Radial Symmetrical: The animal's body can be divided into two equal parts by any cut made through its central axis. Example: Hydra, sea anemones (Phylum-Coelenterata).
* Bilateral Symmetrical: The animal's body can only be divided into two equal parts by one specific cut (a single longitudinal plane). Example: Humans, insects, butterflies, frogs, Platyhelminthes.

2. Germ Layers: In the early development of multicellular animals, fertilization leads to cleavage, forming a blastula and then a gastrula. The gastrula develops two or three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. These germ layers form various body organs. This is a basic feature in animal classification:
* Diploblastic: Animals that have two germ layers (ectoderm and endoderm). Example: Phylum - Coelenterata.
* Triploblastic: Animals that develop from three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). Example: Phylum - Platyhelminthes to Phylum Chordata.
3. Coelom: The coelom is a body cavity that forms during an animal's embryonic development, located between the ectoderm and endoderm. It may or may not be lined by mesoderm, or it might be absent. The presence, absence, and type of coelom are basic features for classification:
* Acoelomate: Animals without any cavity between the ectoderm and endoderm. They have mesenchyma tissues (of mesodermal origin) filling the space.
* Pseudocoelomate: These animals have a body cavity between the ectoderm and endoderm, but it is not lined by the mesoderm. Example: Aschelminthese.
* Eucoelomate: These animals have a body cavity between the ectoderm and endoderm that is fully lined by the mesoderm. This is also known as a true coelom and comes in two types based on origin:
* Schizocoelomate: The true coelom forms when the mesoderm splits during embryonic development. The mesoderm with the ectoderm (body wall) is called somatic mesoderm, and with the endoderm (alimentary canal) is called splanchnic mesoderm. Example: Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca.
* Enterocoelomate: The true coelom forms as a pouch from the endoderm. Similarly, the mesoderm layer with the ectoderm is called somatopleur, and with the endoderm is called splanchnopleur. Example: Echinodermata, Chordata.
4. Segmentation: Many animal bodies consist of several segments, which usually form during embryonic development. This process is called segmentation. Segmentation is another basic feature in animal classification, and based on it, animals are divided into three groups: metameric segmentation. Example: Annelida, Arthropoda.
In simple words: Animals are classified using features like body symmetry (asymmetrical, radial, bilateral), the number of germ layers (diploblastic or triploblastic), the presence and type of body cavity (acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, eucoelomate), and whether their body is divided into segments (segmentation).

🎯 Exam Tip: For each basic feature, clearly define it, describe its variations, and provide a characteristic example of a phylum or group that exhibits that feature.

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